Kunengqondo kangakanani ukuhola (thola nje, ungatholi ngokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo) ama-euro angama-2000 ngehektare ngalinye? Ngabe kunengqondo ukuthola ama-euro angama-2000 / ha ngezilimo zasensimini? "Ngempela," kusho uSergei Samonenko, umqondisi weVimal.
Izinhlobo zesitashi - insindiso yamazambane ekhula
Inkampani yaseVimal isanda kwethula isitshalo esikhulu kunazo zonke eMpumalanga Yurophu eChernigov. Imishini efakwe kuyo ingacubungula amathani amazambane ayi-1440 ngosuku. Isigaba sokuqala, esikwazi ukucubungula ama-700 t / ngosuku, sesivele siyasebenza. Isitashi esikhiqizwa lapha sihlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso zekhwalithi zamazwe omhlaba futhi sesivele sithunyelwa eTurkey, eChina naseHolland - isikhungo somhlaba sokukhiqiza isitashi. “Futhi lokhu ngokusobala akuyona eyokuthengiswa kabusha. Ngoba abadayisi baseDashi abahweba emhlabeni wonke abathathi isitashi kithina, kodwa baletha izikhwama zabo ezinophawu, bapakishe isitashi sethu efemini yethu bese besithumela ngqo eChina, ”kusho uSergei Samonenko. Ngemuva kokudala umkhiqizo onamandla kangaka, iVimal manje isiyakha indilinga yabahlinzeki. Ngasikhathi sinye, lesi sitshalo asidingi noma yimaphi amazambane, kepha sinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesitashi. Isibonelo, uma okuqukethwe kwesitashi kungama-20%, isitshalo silungele ukukhokha u-0,09 euros / kg. “Sikhokhela amazambane u-30% ngaphezu kwalokhu abakukhokha e-European Union,” kuphawula uS. Samonenko. Amabanga wesitashi akhethekile kuphela anganikeza ukuqina okuphezulu. Hhayi-ke, mhlawumbe ama-chips - uma umkhiqizo ngasizathu simbe ungamanelisi umkhiqizi wama-chips, noma uma, njengangonyaka owedlule, izimo zezulu zithuthukile ukuze esikhundleni se-16% ekhonjiswe ekubekweni kohlobo, okuqukethwe kwesitashi bekungama-20%, bese kunikezwa leli zambane kwesinye isikhathi kwaba nenzuzo enkulu esitshalweni sesitashi kunasesitshalweni sama-chips.
Umqondisi wenkampani "Vimal" uSergey Samonenko
Ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo ezikhethekile zesitashi, njengoba uS. Samonenko esho, kwethulwa kuphela e-Ukraine. Manje isabelo sezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo sifinyelela ngaphezu kwe-10% yevolumu ephelele yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezilethwe eVimal. Eminye imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi yezinhlobo ze-chip (okuqukethwe isitashi 14-16%) noma izinhlobo zethebula (okuqukethwe isitashi 10-12%). Vele, ngokuqina okunjalo, intengo yokwamukelwa ayikuvumeli ukubala kunoma imuphi umholo: uma nje ukusiza okungenani okuthile kwamazambane angekho ezingeni, uma lungekho inani lazo lezingulube ukuzondla la mazambane.
Namuhla, inkampani yaseVimal yamukela amazambane ngentengo elandelayo: ngokuqukethwe kwesitashi okungu-10-13% - 0,03-0,04 euros / kg; I-13-15% - 0,05-0,06 euros / kg; 15-18% - 0,06-0,07 euro / kg; ngaphezulu kwe-18% - kusuka ku-0,07 EUR / kg. Kepha amapulazi amaningi amazambane asevele aqala ukuba nentshisekelo ezinhlotsheni zesitashi. Isimo semakethe sibadudulele kulokhu: ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamazambane asetafuleni kudale amanani entengo okugcina lapho amapulazi abheka khona inketho yokuqeda ukukhulisa amazambane, ukuthengisa imishini ekhethekile nokugxila kummbila nakujongilanga. Ngakho-ke, kulesi simo, ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zesitashi kungaba yinsindiso emapulazini amazambane isikhathi eside uma isizukulwane esazi ukuthi singazitshala kanjani amazambane sisaphila.
USergey Samonenko unikeza ukubalwa okujwayelekile kwezomnotho. Isibonelo, uma uqoqa ama-50 t / ha amazambane wesitashi, angathengiswa ngama-euro ayizi-4. Akukho doti lapha, ngokungafani namazambane asetafuleni: noma ngubani uzokulungela ukucubungulwa. “Ukube nje ipulazi belingashiya umhlaba enkundleni, lingayilethi esitshalweni,” kwengeza uS. Samonenko. Leli zinga lesivuno lingafinyeleleka impela. Isibonelo, phakathi kwabalingani besitshalo seVimal kukhona ipulazi elivela esifundeni saseChernihiv, okwathi ngo-650 lafinyelela ezingeni lama-2018 t / ha. Kodwa izindleko zamazambane akhulayo, ngokusho kukaS. Samonenko, manje e-Ukraine aweqi ama-euro ayizi-63 / ha. Futhi lokhu kungobuchwepheshe obuphakeme obudinga ukutshalwa kwamazambane athengiswayo. Kepha, njengoba umqondisi wenkampani iVimal ekhumbuza, amazambane wesitashi awadingi ukugcinwa, ukukalwa noma ukuhlanganiswa. Akunasidingo sokunakekela isethulo ngenkathi ukhula, futhi lokhu okungenani kunciphisa kancane izindleko zama-fungicides nezinambuzane. Isibonelo, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kwakulinganiselwe ekukhetheni izilimo eziyizigaxa ezibhekene nebhungane lamazambane laseColorado, futhi lokho kwakwanele. Izibalo zikaVimal zikhombisa ukuthi ngokukhulisa izinhlobo zesitashi esikhundleni sezinhlobo zamatafula, ungonga ihektha ngalinye: ngokuhlunga - ama-euro ayi-2790 (ama-124 euros / t); ekwelashweni okubili kwe-fungicidal - 2,79 euros;
kwigridi yemifino - ama-euro angama-86;
ngokunciphisa inani lomanyolo elisetshenzisiwe - cishe ama-euro angama-48;
ukufaka esikhundleni semithi yoqobo ngemithi esezingeni eliphezulu - ama-euro angama-54. Sekukonke, imali elondoloziwe icishe ibe ngu-412 € / ha, okuletha izindleko ngehektha ngalinye kwehle kube ngama-2378 €. Ngakho-ke, ungathola ama-euro angama-2000 ehektheleni ngalinye. Vele kunamapulazi lapho kuvunwa khona i-15 t / ha, lapho basebenzisa khona izinto zokutshala zokukhiqiza okungaziwa, ezikhuliswe ngezandla zabo, hhayi emapulazini embewu ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwamafemu wokukhetha; lapho le ndlela iphelelwe yisikhathi futhi ingawasiki amagebe, bese umba eshiya ingxenye yesivuno emhlabathini. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ngokusho kukaS. Samonenko, umlimi wamazambane angathola imali. Ngakho-ke, ipulazi elilodwa elaziwa kuye lilondolozwe kubuchwepheshe futhi labiza ama-euro angama-1744 kuphela / ha, ngenxa yalokho isivuno safinyelela kuma-30 t / ha kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, okuqukethwe isitashi kwakungu-19,5%, okuvumela ipulazi ukuthi lithole ama-euro angama-951 ehektheleni ngalinye.
Isipiliyoni seVimal-Agro: imfihlo inama-fungicides
IVimal ingaphezu nje kokucwengisiswa okudonsela imibono abahlinzeki ngezinto ezinhle. Yinkampani ehlukahlukene esebenza ukucubungula amazambane, ukwakhiwa kanye nezolimo. Ikakhulu, inkampani "yaseVimal" ifaka inkampani yezolimo i- "Vimal-Agro", esemzaneni. Isifunda saseVybli Kulikovsky, isifunda saseChernihiv. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, inkampani yezolimo ngonyaka ka-2018 yakhulisa amazambane anesitashi - uSusanna no-Eurostarch (bobabili abakhethwe yi-Europlant) kanye noKrasa wokukhethwa kwe-Agrico. Ngokusho kukaYuriy Dyak, umqondisi weRekhodi Agro, ongumsabalalisi okhethekile wezinhlobo ze-Europlant e-Ukraine, i-Eurostarch iyinhlobonhlobo yaphakathi nesikhathi sekwephuzile (inkathi yezimila - izinsuku ezingama-85-95), emelana nokulimala okwenzeka sekwedlule isikhathi, igciwane eligingqika amaqabunga, umlenze omnyama, i-nematode, efuna ngenkani ukuthola umsoco olinganiselayo, onamandla wokuqukethwe kwesitashi okungama-20-21% nomkhiqizo ofinyelela kuma-50 t / ha. Kodwa izinhlobonhlobo zeSusanna ziphakathi naphambi kwesikhathi, zinamandla okuvuna afanayo futhi nangaphezulu (22,5%) wokuqina, okumelana ne-metribuzin nezifo eziningi. Inkampani yezolimo ithathe amahektha ayi-100 namazambane wesitashi. Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane kwakungu-35 t / ha ekuqaleni kokumba, bese kuthi ama-40 t / ha ekugcineni. Njengoba uS. Samonenko eqinisekisa, lokhu akusikho isilinganiso esiphezulu isiko ebesingalinikeza: amazambane ambiwa kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya maphakathi no-Septhemba, ngenkathi isivuno esiphezulu salolu hlobo sinikezwa lapho simbiwe ekupheleni kuka-Septhemba-eshumini loku-1 ku-Okthoba. Ngakho-ke, inkampani yezolimo "iVimal-Agro" ikhombise isibonelo sokutshalwa ngempumelelo kwamazambane wesitashi. “Besifuna ukwethula iphrojekthi yokukhulisa amazambane anesitashi ngo-2014 - ukutshala amahektha angu-5-10 bese sibona imiphumela, sibala ukusebenza kahle komnotho. Kodwa-ke impi yavimbela. Kepha ngo-2018, kwaba nokuvuselelwa kwesithakazelo kuphrojekthi: ulayini wangaphambili wazinza, ngasikhathi sinye isimo emakethe yamazambane ware saba sibi kakhulu, okuphoqa abakhiqizi ukuthi bafune izindlela ezintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithemba lezinhlobo ezikhulayo zesitashi, ngokusho kwezibalo zenkampani "iVimal", libukeka lithembisa:
Ukudla | Isitashi (isitashi 20%) | I-Chipsy | |
Ukukhiqiza, t / ha | 45 | 45 | 38 |
Ukuthengiseka,% | 85 | 100 | 80 |
Intengo yokuthengisa yamazambane athengiswayo, i-euro. / Kg | 0,1 | 0,095 | 0,12 |
Intengo yokuthengisa yamazambane engeyona eyezentengiso, i-Euro. / Kg | 0,06 | 0,06 | |
Imali engenayo, inkulungwane ye-Euro / ha: isiyonke | 4,26 | 4.28 | 4.11 |
kusuka ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo engathengiswa | 3,88 | 3,67 | |
kusuka ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo okungeyona eyampahla kuya kwesitashi | 0,38 | 0,44 | |
Izindleko, inkulungwane ye-Euro / ha | 3,22 | 2,34 | 2,98 |
Inzuzo, izinkulungwane ze-Euro / ha | 1,51 | 1,92 | 1,13 |
Ephawula ngezibalo, uS. Samonenko uphawule ukuthi inkomba yokuthengiseka kwama-80-85%, ikakhulukazi amazambane asetafuleni, inethemba impela, ngoba ngokwenzekayo leli zinga livame ukuba ngama-75 ngisho no-50%. Kufinyeta imiphumela yesizini yokuqala yezinhlobo zamazambane ezikhulayo ezinqwabelene ezinkulu, uS. Samonenko wathola izimfihlo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Owokuqala wakwenza kanjena: "70% wesivuno yimbewu elungile." Ngembewu efanele, wayeqonde ukutshala okokukhiqiza okuphezulu okuhlangabezana nezidingo zamazinga okuphila, njll. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa okokutshala hhayi okoku-1, kodwa ukukhiqiza kabusha okwesibili, unganciphisa izindleko zako kusuka kuma-euro angama-2 kuye kwangama-383 / kg. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokhu, i-255% yesivuno ilahlekile, okubiza ipulazi i-15 euros / ha. Ngakho-ke, "ukonga" kokutshalwayo kuphenduka ukulahleka okuphelele kwama-euro ayi-636.942 / ha. Isici sesibili sezinhlobonhlobo zesitashi ukuthi bakha inqwaba yesivuno emavikini amathathu edlule noma ngisho nama-8100 enkathi yokukhula, okungukuthi, ngoSepthemba. “NgoJulayi, lapho kusetshenziswa izinsuku eziningi zensimu yamazambane, izinhlobo zezitashi zibukeka zingathandeki: izilimo eziyizigaxa zisencane. Kepha emasontweni amabili amabili edlule, ukwanda okukhulu kwesivuno kuyenzeka, ”kusho uS. Samonenko.
Ngokunjalo, izinhlobo zesitashi, ngaphezu kwanoma yiziphi ezinye, zidinga ukulondolozwa kwesisindo esiluhlaza ngesikhathi sokukhula. “Ukulondolozwa kobuningi bezimila kulo lonke ihlobo, kuze kube nguSepthemba, kuyimfihlo yesibili yezinhlobo ezikhulayo zesitashi,” kusho uS. Samonenko. Futhi lokhu, ngokusho kwakhe, bekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-fungicides asezingeni eliphakeme, alondoloze inqwaba yezimila ezifweni, ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-Alternaria nokulimaza sekwephuzile. Inkampani i "Vimal-Agro" iphathe amazambane asitashi kanye nePropulse ilwa ne-Alternaria futhi kathathu neDitan ibhekene nokulimala okwenzeka sekwedlule isikhathi. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube lula ukugcina inqwaba yamazambane ngesikhathi sehlobo kuze kube nguSepthemba. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, inkampani yezolimo ibingeke ithole isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo zesitashi esizoyivumela ukuthi ithole.
Imfihlo yesithathu yezinhlobo ezikhulayo zesitashi, wayibiza ngokuthi ukuvundisa amazambane nge-potassium sulfate esikhundleni se-chloride yendabuko. "Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sulfate esikhundleni se-potassium chloride kwandisa ukuqina," kuchaza uS. Samonenko. Abazalisi benkampani ye-Europlant bayaqaphela ukuthi kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-potassium chloride, kepha ngemithamo elinganiselwe: entwasahlobo - engekho ngaphezulu kwama-80 kg / ha. Kepha isilinganiso sokufaka isicelo K2I-О inconyelwe ezingeni le-190-250 kg / ha. Futhi, akufanele wengeze nitrogen eningi, ngoba lokhu kunciphisa ukuqina. Njengoba u-Yuri Dyak asho, isilinganiso sokufakwa kwesicelo se-nitrogen akufanele sedlule i-100 kg / ha, kanti ukwethulwa kwalesi sakhi kufanele kumiswe ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuqhakaza. Umthamo ofanele we phosphorus, ngokusho kwakhe, ngu-120 kg / ha. Futhi, izinhlobo zesitashi zidinga ukwethulwa kwe-magnesium ngesilinganiso sama-80 kg / ha kumithamo emibili ehlukanisiwe.
Ngakho-ke, izindleko zokukhula okungu-1 ha wezinhlobo zamazambane zesitashi yilezi: zokutshala okokukhiqiza okungu-1 endaweni yokutshala kwabantu izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-42 / ha ngezinhlobo ezephuzile nezingcezu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-44 ngehektare zangaphambili - 1146.49 euros / ha; kumanyolo - 500 euro / ha; ngemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo - ama-euro angama-350 / ha; uphethiloli - 200 euros / ha; ezinye izindleko (iholo, intela, ukwehla, njll.) - ama-euro angama-574 / ha. Ngokuvamile, ngokusho kuka S. Samonenko, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane isitashi ikakhulu busikhumbuza ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bamazambane asetafuleni. Lokhu kuvumela abalimi bamazambane asetafuleni ukushintshela kalula ezinhlotsheni zesitashi futhi, ngokuya ngokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu bezolimo, bathola ama-euro angama-euro ayi-2000 / ha - okungafani nalutho olunye isivuno sensimu.