I-18 Februwari iminyaka engu-2022 wadlula eKrasnodar VI Forum yezoLimo "Okusanhlamvu Russia", okuyinto minyaka yonke eqoqa abadlali ababalulekile emakethe yokusanhlamvu yaseRussia: abakhiqizi bezolimo, abacubungula, abadayisi, abadayisi nabathwali bokusanhlamvu, abakhiqizi bemishini yezolimo, imishini kanye nomanyolo, abameleli bezinhlaka zikahulumeni ezifanele.
Inkundla ihlelwe yiphephabhuku "Ibhizinisi lezolimo".
Abaxhasi bomcimbi: Shimadzu, Bayer, RKT, Rostselmash, PJSC Rostelecom, Russian Railways.
I session Lesi sithangami sanikezelwa ezinkingeni kanye namathemba emakethe yokusanhlamvu eRussia. Ukhulume nababambe iqhaza kule nkundla ngenkulumo yokwamukela Valery Kochergin, umqondisi "Journal Agribusiness".
“Ukuhlukahluka ngokohlelo. Amathani nemali enamarekhodi okukhiqiza" - isihloko sombiko wokuqala wesithangami, owethulwe ngu Vitaly Shamaev, umqondisi jikelele "Agrospeaker".
Ubalule ukuthi i-export yi-marathon yesikhathi eside. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2021, iRussia ibibambe iqhaza kuyo "ngesisindo esikhwameni ngendlela yemisebenzi yokuthekelisa." Ngokusho kukaSomlomo, ukwehla kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kule sizini ngenxa yemisebenzi ethunyelwa ngaphandle kuyisiqalo sokuphela. Ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kuzoqala kwamanye amazwe athola uxhaso lwezimali ezimakethe. Uma kukhona ukwenziwa lula kobuchwepheshe, khona-ke kuzoba nokonga izindleko, kodwa ngeke kwenzeke ukugwema ukulahleka kwezitshalo ngokwekhwalithi kanye nenani. Ukwenyuka kokuhlinzekwa kwabaqhudelana nabo kuzoqhubeka nokuphusha iRussia ngaphandle kwenkundla yomhlaba. Esikhathini esisha, izimo zesikhathi esizayo zibonisa amanani e-dollar angekho ngaphezulu kwamanje, futhi izindleko zokuvuna zizoba phezulu ngo-30-50% futhi izinto zizokhuphuka ngentengo. Ukuthekelisa kwe-Russian ngezindleko zangonyaka odlule kanye nemisebenzi yamanje yokuthekelisa isivele imisiwe. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ayizange inikeze i-premium yemisebenzi yaseRussia. Amathenda e-GASC akhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuyinkinga kubalimi baseRussia okusanhlamvu. Amanani omhlaba asengene ohlwini lwamanani aphezulu amasha isikhathi eside, futhi amanani okuthenga ahlala ephansi ngaphansi kwengcindezi yemisebenzi yokuthekelisa. Kuyobalimaza abalimi. U-Vitaly Shamaev uphethe ngokuthi imisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle iholela enkingeni eyenziwe ngumuntu emkhakheni wezolimo, okuzoholela ekuqoqweni kwabalimi kanye nokungena kwezimali ezintsha embonini.
Isihloko sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okusanhlamvu kanye nemikhiqizo yokucubungula kwakho saqhutshekwa ngokuthi Mikhail Khanov, umqondisi wegatsha laseNovorossiysk FSBI "Center for Grain Quality Assessment". Ubalule ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okusanhlamvu kwaseRussia kanye nemikhiqizo yokucubungula kwayo kusukela ngoFebhuwari 10, 2022 kwaba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-34,8 ngo-2021/22 a.-x. unyaka (-20% ngo-2020/21). Isiqondiso esiyinhloko sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kule nkathi yamanje ngamazwe angu-17 aseMpumalanga Ephakathi - amathani ayizigidi ezingu-10,2 (-25%). Ukuthunyelwa kukakolweni kule sizini yamanje kube ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-24,3 (kusukela ngomhla ka-Februwari 10.02.2022, 24), okungaphansi ngo-2,8% kunesizini edlule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkomba zekhwalithi zikakolweni othambile othunyelwa ngaphandle ovela eRussia ziyakhula. Ukuthunyelwa kwebhali kwamanye amazwe nakho kwehle kwaya ku-10.02.2022 Mt (kusukela ngo-Feb 34, 2020), kwehle ngama-21% ukusuka ku-76/26,6. Ukuthekelisa okusanhlamvu kanye nemikhiqizo yakhona evela ku-Southern Federal District kubala u-24% wezimpahla zaseRussia ezithunyelwa ngaphandle (amathani ayizigidi ezingama-2020, okungama-21% ngaphansi kwesizini ka-XNUMX/XNUMX).
Ukhulume ngomthetho olawula imakethe wokugaywa okujulile kokusanhlamvu Svetlana Maltseva, Inhloko yoMnyango Wezomthetho Nezokulawulwa Kwezobuchwepheshe weNhlangano "Soyuzkrakhmal".
Ukucutshungulwa okujulile kokusanhlamvu kuyinqubo yokuhlukanisa okusanhlamvu kube izingxenyana ezihlukene: isitashi semvelo se-biopolymer, amaprotheni emifino, amafutha kanye ne-fiber. Cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2,5 okusanhlamvu asetshenziswa minyaka yonke ekucutshungulweni okujulile, kuyilapho, ngokusho kwedatha yokuqala evela kwaRosstat, isivuno sokusanhlamvu eRussia ngo-2021 saba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-120,7. U-Svetlana Maltseva ukhulume ngezinyathelo ezithathwe ezingeni likahulumeni ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni, mayelana nesistimu yezenzo zomthetho zamanje, ezihlanganisa izinhlelo zombuso, imithetho kanye nemithetho kamasipala kokubili amazinga e-federal kanye nesifunda. I-Soyuzkrakhmal Association okokuqala ngqa yethule ukulinganisa kwe-Russian yonke "Abaholi bokucubungula okujulile okusanhlamvu 2020-2021", okuthuthukiswe ngokusekelwa yi-Agrobusiness Magazine. Isilinganiso sahlanganiswa ngokwezigaba "Izinkomba Zezomnotho zebhizinisi", "I-Innovativeness yebhizinisi", "Umnikelo wezinkampani ekuthuthukiseni imboni". Isilinganiso sizotholakala maduze kumagazini ophrintiwe we-Agribusiness Journal (No. 2, 2022).
"Abahlanganyeli besithangami banikeze izinto ezibalulekile zokuhlaziya ezisivumela ukuthi sihlole amathemba entuthuko nezinkinga zesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu saseRussia futhi sithole izindlela zokuzixazulula. Mayelana nemakethe yokucubungula okujulile kokusanhlamvu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinyathelo zamanje zokusekela zinikeze umphumela obonakalayo ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni, kodwa ukukhula okukhulu kwemboni kungenzeka kuphela uma kukhona okuhlukile. Uhlelo lokuthuthukisa imboni yemboni, kanye nendlela yokuhweba okusanhlamvu endaweni eyodwa, ikakhulukazi, ukwethulwa kwekusasa lokulethwa kukakolweni nommbila ”, uSvetlana Maltseva uphawula ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe esithangamini.
Iqede iseshini yokuqala U-Ivan Gulin, umlingani wenkampani ye-RKT, ngenkulumo enesihloko esithi “I-accumulator yomhlaba wezolimo. Kungani ukuqothuka kwabahlanganyeli be-agro-industrial complex kukhanga kumtshali-zimali”.
Ezimweni ezithile ze-Rostagro, i-Sinyavinskaya Poultry Farm kanye namabhizinisi ase-Russian Pork, isikhulumi sakhuluma ngezizathu eziyinhloko zokuqothuka kwezinhlangano zezolimo, phakathi kwazo ukulahlekelwa ngumtshali-zimali, ubunzima bezezimali kanye namaphutha okuphatha. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezinzima ebhizinisini lezolimo zinganqotshwa ngosizo lwethuluzi elifana nokulawulwa kokuqothuka. Esebenzisa isibonelo sikaBlago kanye ne-Altaymyasoprom, abathintwa yi-RKT, u-Ivan Gulin wabonisa indlela yokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwempahla, ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlangano yenkampani nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuphuma kule nkinga. I-RKT isiza abangaba abatshalizimali ukuthi bathole izimpahla ezicindezelekile ngokuya ngamapharamitha athile, bahlole ukuthi bangakanani imali futhi bathuthukise isu lokuthola impahla eshwile. Ochwepheshe bazosiza ukuhlela okwenziwayo (ukwesekwa kwezomthetho, kwezezimali, kwentela) nokusebenzisa uhlelo lokutholwa kwempahla ye-turnkey, oluhlinzeka ngokusekela okugcwele kokutholwa.
II iseshini Lesi sithangami besigxile ezinkingeni zokwenza ngcono izinga lokusanhlamvu. Iseshini ivuliwe Elena Alekperova, umqondisi jikelele LLC "Agrostat", ngombiko othi "Izinkinga zokuvikela izitshalo zokusanhlamvu, kuhlanganise nokugcinwa nokusetshenziswa komanyolo wamaminerali."
Ukhulume ngesakhiwo semakethe yemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo yezitshalo ezinkulu zasensimini eRussia kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwale makethe yizifunda zemvelo nezomnotho. Izizathu zokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisanhlamvu okusanhlamvu ukuqiniswa kokukhiqizwa, okudinga ukwanda kwemithi yokwelapha; ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu; ukwabiwa kabusha kwezindawo ezivuna izitshalo zasebusika; amathuba okuthekelisa kanye nezimo zezimakethe zomhlaba. U-Elena Alekperova kanye ne-ejensi yakhe benza isilinganiso sezithako ezisebenzayo zama-PPP asetshenzisiwe. Isikhulumi siphinde saphawula ukubaluleka kwenkinga yezinambuzane zemfuyo. Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kanye nokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwezitshalo okusanhlamvu kwamanye amazwe kuyisisusa sokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezimpahla zokulawula izinambuzane (ama-57% omthamo wokugcina okusanhlamvu agxile kubakhiqizi bezolimo). Sengiphetha, uMqondisi Jikelele we-Agrostat LLC ukhulume ngokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo eziyinhloko zomanyolo.
Abahlanganyeli besithangami batshelwe ngezindlela ezisebenzayo zokulondoloza okusanhlamvu ezinambuzaneni Alexander Shishikin, omele ukuthengisa wenkampani yokulawula izinambuzane I-Bayer.
Ngokusho kwe-FAO, okungenani i-10-15% yesitoko somhlaba sokusanhlamvu nemikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu ibhujiswa / ilinyazwa izinambuzane eziyingozi. Isikhulumi sakhuluma ngohlelo lokuvikela ezinambuzaneni zamasheya eRussia futhi saqhathanisa izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane zamakhemikhali amasheya ngokufutha (amaphosphines) kanye nendlela yokwelapha nge-K-Obiol, CE. Lesi sidakamizwa siyi-insecticide ethintana namathumbu, izingxenye ezimbili, ezibanzi zokulwa nezinambuzane ezisanhlamvu ezinqolobaneni ezingalayishiwe, ezinqolobaneni, ezikhunjini ngaphambi kokubeka okusanhlamvu ukuze zigcinwe, kanye nokucubungula indawo eseduze nazo. Isithako esisebenzayo yi-deltamethrin (2,5%) kanye ne-synergist piperonyl butoxide (22,5%). Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-K-Obiol ngokumelene ne-quarantine kapr beetle kubonise ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokwelashwa okumanzi. Ngosuku lwesithathu lokuchayeka, ukufa okungama-80% kwezibungu ze-kapr beetle kwabonwa, ngosuku lwesikhombisa - ukufa okungu-100%. Amanye amalungiselelo abambe iqhaza ekuhlolweni kokuqhathanisa awafikanga ku-100% ukufa kwezibungu ze-kara beetle, umphumela omkhulu wawungu-65%. Imiphumela efanayo yaboniswa nge-weevil yesibaya kanye nebhungane likafulawa.
Ukhulume ngemishini yokuhlaziya yokunquma izinkomba zokuphepha kanye nenani lokudla okunempilo kokusanhlamvu, imikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu, okuphakelayo, okuphakelayo okuyinhlanganisela kanye nezixube. Tatyana Borisova, Ingcweti Yemikhiqizo Eholayo, I-Liquid Chromatography, Ingcweti Eholayo Ekusetshenzisweni Kwezisetshenziswa Zokuhlaziya Embonini Yokudla Yenkampani Shimadzu.
Wethule umugqa wensimbi we-Shimadzu, ohlanganisa amathuluzi okuhlola ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yokudla; umndeni we-chromatographs ewuketshezi; isisombululo se-chromatograph esiwuketshezi - uhlelo lokuhlola i-mycotoxin; Uhlelo lwe-LC-20 Prominence lokuhlaziya i-PAH; umugqa we-chromatomass-spectrometers UFMS; ama-chromatographs egesi kanye ne-chromato-mass spectrometers; I-spectrophotometer yokumuncwa kwe-athomu ye-AA-7000; ama-spectrophotometers okuhlaziya nabanye abaningi. Abamele le nkampani yaseJapan edumile emhlabeni wonke banikeza abasebenzisi babo eRussia ukwesekwa okuphelele, banikeze izixazululo esezenziwe ngomumo zemisebenzi ethile, baqhube amasemina kanye namakilasi amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezintsha zenzelwe imisebenzi yabasebenzisi, futhi abasebenzisi ngokwabo bathola ama-internship kuma-laboratories aseJalimane.
Iseshini iphelile Nikolai Filipenko, IPhini leNhloko UMnyango Wezigodi EziseNingizimu we-Rosselkhoznadzor, ngephrezentheshini "Izimfuneko zomthetho zokukhululwa kokusanhlamvu ku-circulation (isimemezelo kanye nesitifiketi sokuhlukaniswa)".
Ngokuhambisana nezinguquko zakamuva zomthetho, izitayela ezintsha ezibalulekile ziye zavela emsebenzini we-Rosselkhoznadzor. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: indlela esekelwe engcupheni, ukwenqatshwa kokuqinisekisa njengokuphela komsebenzi, ukubaluleka kokuvimbela, ukwaziswa, ukugwema "uhlelo lwezinduku" nokubalwa kwezinhlobo zokulawula. Ekhuluma ngemiphumela yomsebenzi we-Southern Interregional Directorate yaseRosselkhoznadzor ngo-2021, ophethe izifunda zaseKrasnodar Territory, iRiphabhulikhi yase-Adygea neCrimea, kanye nedolobha laseSevastopol, isikhulumi sikhulume izibalo ezilandelayo. Kwakhishwa imiyalo nezinqumo ezingu-1507 zokumisa izimemezelo zokuvumelana, ngenani eliphelele lokusanhlamvu lamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2,183. Kwakhishwa izitifiketi zokuvalelwa ngaphandle ezingu-401 zamathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi okusanhlamvu. Kuze kube manje, sekubhalisiwe amabhizinisi angama-295 enza imisebenzi yokuphuca izinto ezibekwe zodwa ukusebenza. Amacala angu-10 okutheleleka (okungaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-27 okusanhlamvu) ahlonzelwe izinhlobo ezine zezinto ezivalelwe yedwa (icala elilodwa le-tripartite ragweed, amacala ayi-3 e-rose bitterling, amacala angama-846 e-dodder kanye nezingu-1,2 ze-ragweed).
III iseshini Iforamu izinikele ekuguquleni imakethe yezinhlamvu zibe yidijithali. Iseshini ivuliwe UMaxim Petrunin, Umphathi Womklamo woMnyango Wezokuxhumanisa Nokuthuthukiswa Kwebhizinisi I-Rosagroleasing, owakhuluma ngezinsizakalo zedijithali zenkampani zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-agro-industrial complex kanye nokunethezeka kwamakhasimende.
Namuhla, i-Rosagroleasing inikeza imakethe yemishini yezolimo enkulu kunazo zonke eRussia, enabahlinzeki abangaphezu kuka-450 bezinto ezingu-22000 zemishini nemishini. Umlimi angasebenzisa imisebenzi eyahlukene ye-akhawunti yomuntu siqu yedijithali kanye nesicelo seselula. Indawo yemakethe ilokhu inwetshwa ngokusebenza okwengeziwe kuze kube nokwenzeka ukuba yenze umsebenzi ngefomethi yedijithali. Izinzuzo zenkampani futhi zihlanganisa imikhawulo yoxhaso egunyazwe kusengaphambili, ikhono lokuhlangana nezinyathelo zokusekelwa zikahulumeni nezesifunda, kanye nezimo ezikhethekile zamalungu ezinyunyana nezinyunyana zezimboni.
Batshele ngohlelo lokuqapha ukuhamba kwezitshalo nokulandeleka kwemikhiqizo ku-inthanethi (esithombeni ekuqaleni kwezindaba) UDenis Zhukovsky, umqondisi we-agro-industrial complex yoMnyango ukuze asebenze namakhasimende ezinkampani I-PJSC Rostelecomfuthi Gennady Falkovich, Inhloko Yomnyango Wokuhlanganiswa Kwesistimu "Geyser-Telecom".
Umsebenzi obalulekile wokuphathwa kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo zesimanje ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka okuphezulu kokuhamba kwemikhiqizo eqediwe esigabeni ngasinye senqubo yokukhiqiza isuka emasimini iye efektri. Umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwesixazululo sedijithali esihlongozwe yiRostelecom ukwanda kokuvuna emasimini ngama-20%, ukuncipha kokulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokuvuna nokuthuthwa ngama-30%, ukwanda kokusebenza kahle kwemishini yezolimo kanye nokuncipha kwezindleko. kufika ku-20%. Uhlelo luqoqa idatha yedijithali yokuhlaziywa nokuhlela umsebenzi, kunciphisa ithonya "lesici somuntu", kwandisa isivinini sokuvuna. Njengamanje, uhlelo seluvele lufakiwe kumayunithi angaphezu kuka-850. imishini ezifundeni ezinhlanu ezinhlotsheni ezinhlanu zemishini. Kungenzeka ukudlulisa ulwazi ku-FSIS "Grain".
UVladimir Uvaydov, Inhloko Yophiko Lokuthuthukiswa Kwekhono Lomnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Kwemikhiqizo Yezinto Eziphilayo Neluhlaza "Roskachestvo", ukhulume ngolwazi lokuvikelwa kwedijithali kokusanhlamvu okuphilayo.
Isabelo sokusanhlamvu okuphilayo emakethe yaseRussia yemikhiqizo ephilayo njengamanje silinganiselwa ku-25%. Ukuvikelwa kwedijithali kwemakethe kwenziwa emazingeni amathathu: IRejista Yabakhiqizi Bezinto Eziphilayo zoMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation, ikhodi ye-QR emikhiqizweni eshintshela kwirejista eyodwa, kanye nomaki we-Organic okhethekile ogunyazwe ngomyalo we UMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation. Ngosizo lwala mathuluzi, abalimi bathola izinzuzo ezengeziwe zokumaketha, okuhlanganisa ngokuya ngenqubomgomo yamanani nokukhuthazwa ngemibukiso/imibukiso, kanye nokubeka imikhiqizo emashalofini ahlukene kumanethiwekhi e-Auchan, Azbuka Vkusa, Globus. Isikhulumi sikhumbule ukuthi okuqukethwe okuncane kwezithako zezolimo ze-organic emikhiqizweni ye-organic eqediwe kungu-95%, kanti ama-5% asele angaphansi kwemithetho nemikhawulo eqinile.
"Ipulazi elizimele: umnotho wokukhiqiza ngemodi engasetshenziswanga" - isihloko sombiko Oleg Alexandrov, umqondisi wokusungula izinto ezintsha "Rostselmash".
Isikhulumi sethule izixazululo zamanje zedijithali ze-Rostselmash, esezivele zitholakala kubasebenzisi be-telemetry kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenzisana zomshini nomshini, ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo, ukucubungula okuzenzakalelayo, nokuphepha kanye nezinhlelo zokuvimbela izimo eziphuthumayo. I-Agrotronic™ iwumgogodla we-ecosystem yezixazululo zedijithali, indawo yokuhlanganisa nokuhlaziya yonke imininingwane yesikhulumi. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlaziya nokubalwa kwezimali okwenziwe ngosizo lwe-Agrotronic™, umsebenzisi uthola umphumela wezomnotho nowokuphatha. Ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwempahla yemikhumbi kuholela ekongeni kwezindleko kuphethiloli kanye nezinto zokugcoba kanye namaholo, ukulawulwa kwemingcele yokusebenza kwamayunithi namagatsha kuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqiza, futhi ukubhaliswa kwamaqiniso okufaka uphethiloli kanye nokuthulula kuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokuhamba komsebenzi. I-Agrotronics iqoqa ulwazi oluvela kumasevisi nezisombululo ezifana ne-PCM Router, PCM Agrotronic Pilot 2.0, PCM Adaptive Cruise Control, PCM Yield Map, PCM Night Vision, PCM Face ID, PCM Smart Tag, PCM Transport ID.
IV iseshini Isithangami besigxile ezinkingeni nezindlela zokuthengisa okusanhlamvu. Iseshini ivuliwe UMark Sultanyan, IPhini leNhloko yoPhiko loMqondisi weNyakatho yeCaucasus ngokuphathwa kwetheminali kanye nesakhiwo sokugcina impahla I-JSC Russian Railways, owakhuluma ngenhlangano ye-transshipment of grain cargo kumatheminali enkampani.
I-Grain Logistics ye-North Caucasus Directorate iqondiswe ethekwini lase-Novorossiysk futhi ihlanganisa ukunqwabelana kumakheshi okusanhlamvu kanye nezinto zokuhamba ezilandelayo eziya echwebeni. I-Russian Railways inikeza zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo zokulayisha nokuthulula; inikeza ukugcinwa kwezimpahla ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla, kuhl. Okwakhiwe ngaphambili; ikhiqiza ama-containation of grain crops futhi ifaka imali engqalasizinda yamatheminali ezimpahla kanye nokusebenza kwayo okuqhubekayo, uSomlomo ngokuhlukana wagxila ekuthuthukisweni kokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla zokusanhlamvu ezitsheni, okwenziwa lula ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yamagceke omthwalo wamabhokisi, ukwethulwa izindlela ezintsha nezindlela zokuphatha amabhokisi, ukuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi yamatheminali kanye nokwanda kwenani kanye nokuqaliswa kokulungiswa okusha kwamabhokisi.
Utshele abahlanganyeli besithangami ngemakethe yokusanhlamvu eRussia ngesizini ka-2021/22, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nemakethe yasekhaya. Igor Pavensky, umphathi isikhungo sokuhlaziya "Rusagrotrans".
Isibikezelo sokuqala sokuvuna okusanhlamvu ngo-2022 singamathani ayizigidi eziyi-128, okuhlanganisa ukolweni - amathani ayizigidi ezingu-81,4 nangaphezulu - amathani ayizigidi ezingu-83, okuwumphumela wesithathu ngemuva kokuphakama kuka-2017 no-2020. Ngo-2022, lapho kungekho "force majeure", ukwanda okukhulu kwesivuno kulindeleke eVolga naseCentral Federal Districts, futhi eNingizimu kuzohlala ezingeni lerekhodi lonyaka wamanje. Ngokumelene nesizinda sokwehla kwesivuno kanye nomphumela wemisebenzi yokuthekelisa, ukuthengiswa kukakolweni ovela eRussia kuphansi kunesizini edlule futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi kufinyelele inani elingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-30, kodwa ngenxa yokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ku-EAEU kanye nokukhulu. amavolumu ngo-March-June, angafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-33,1 Kule nkathi yamanje, kukhona ukwanda kwesidingo sikakolweni othambile ovela emazweni angenayo eNyakatho Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ngokuyinhloko kusukela e-Iran, eTurkey, e-Algeria ehlaselwe isomiso. kanye neMorocco. Sekukonke, kulawa mazwe angenhla, amandla okungenisa impahla ngesizini ka-2021/22 alinganiselwa emathani ayizigidi ezingama-80,6 uma kuqhathaniswa namathani ayizigidi ezingama-69 ngo-2019/20 (+11,6 wezigidi zamathani).
Ekhuluma ngamanani okusanhlamvu, u-Igor Pavensky waphawula ukuthi izintengo zokuthekelisa zikakolweni waseRussia ongu-12,5% wokulethwa ngoMashi zingu-$315-317/t. Amanani kakolweni (i-class 4, 12,5% protein) emanzini ajulile angama-ruble ayi-15900-16000/ton ngaphandle kwe-VAT. Izintengo zezimakethe zasekhaya ziyehla ezifundeni eziseNingizimu futhi, kancane, naseSikhungweni. ESiberia, amanani aqinile emasontweni amuva nje ngenxa yesidingo esinamandla esivela eKazakhstan. Uma izintengo zezitshalo ezintsha zehla ziye cishe ku-$285/t ukuze zilethwe ngo-August 2022 ngenani lamanje lokushintshisana kanye nentela elinganiselwa ku-$70/t, intengo ye-CPT ingaba ngaphezudlwana kuka-RUB 15/t ngaphandle kwe-VAT.
Ukhulume ngezinyathelo zokweseka umbuso kwabathengisa okusanhlamvu ngaphandle Vladislav Esin, inhloko yehhovisi elimele i-Krasnodar I-JSC Russian Export Center.
Ekhuluma ngokusekelwa kwezimali kwabathumela ngaphandle, waphawula amathuluzi alandelayo. Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwangaphambili kokuthekelisa kukuvumela ukuthi ukhokhele izindleko zenkontileka yokuthumela ngaphandle, okuhlanganisa ukuthengwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nezinto zokwakha, ukukhokhelwa kwemithombo yamandla, ukukhokhwa kwamaholo (angekho ngaphezu kwama-20%), izindleko zokuthutha kanye nentela, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwe-premium yomshwalense. Ngosizo lwe-factoring yokuthekelisa (ngaphandle kwelungelo lokuthola usizo), ama-akhawunti atholwayo ngaphansi kwenkontileka yokuthekelisa axhaswa ngezimali kufika ku-100% wezinto ezitholwayo ezihleliwe zomthengi wangaphandle. Isiqinisekiso sokubuyiselwa kwe-VAT siyindlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi umthumeli-mpahla (oyinhloko oqinisekisayo) ufeza ngokufanelekile izibopho zakhe zokubuyisela amanani entela afakwe kuye ngokungafanele kusuka kusabelomali. Ngakho-ke, umthengisi unikezwa ithuba lokungahoxisi imali ngendlela ye-VAT emalini yezomnotho, ngaphansi kwe-offset ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje we-Russian Federation.
Iqede iseshini Elena Ksenofontova, usihlalo wekomiti lokulamula I-KCO "Opora Rossii", owakhuluma ngokulamula njengendlela yokuxazulula izingxabano zezifunda nezamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nezinkontileka zokuhlinzeka.
Ku-VI All-Russian Congress of Judges, uMongameli waseRussia u-Vladimir Putin wagcizelela ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ngazo zonke izindlela izindlela eziye zazibonakalisa emhlabeni. "Ngiqonde ukuxazululwa kwezingxabano ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala nezomthetho ngezingxoxo nezivumelwano zokuxazulula, kanye nezinye izindlela zokuxazulula izingxabano." Imisebenzi yekomidi lokulamula ihloselwe ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokubuyisana e-Russian Federation ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlangano zomphakathi nezikhungo zomthetho ukuze kuxazululwe izingxabano nezingxabano ngokuxoxisana, ukuthuthukisa izimiso zokuziphatha kobudlelwano bebhizinisi, nokunciphisa umthwalo ezinkantolo nezinhlaka zikahulumeni. Umsebenzi omkhulu womxazululi wukuxazulula isimo ngokuthula nokuvimbela icala ukuthi lingayi enkantolo. Kodwa-ke, uma icala selivele enkantolo, khona-ke ukulamula kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isigaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isivumelwano sokukhokha senziwe, isimangalo siyekwa noma isimangalo sibonwa ummangalelwa, ummangali uzokwazi ukubuyisela ingxenye yomsebenzi kahulumeni: ukusuka ku-30 kuya ku-70%, kuye ngokuthi isiteji lapho izinhlangothi kufanele zibuyele khona. isimangalo safinyelela esivumelwaneni. Uma abathintekayo bexazulule ingxabano phambi kwenkantolo futhi baqinisekisa isivumelwano sokuxoxisana ne-notary, khona-ke uma kwenzeka ukungagcwaliseki kwayo, kuyokwenzeka ukuthi ungafaki icala enkantolo. Isivumelwano esinjalo sokulamula sizophenduka ngokuzenzakalelayo idokhumenti yesigungu esingathunyelwa kubakhokhi benkantolo.