Ubusika obuneqhwa busindise ingxenye ebalulekile yezitshalo zasebusika, ezazihlushwa isimo sezulu esomile ekwindla. Ukuchichima komswakama entwasahlobo kuzoba okuvamile ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia. Ochwepheshe benkampani ka-August, umkhiqizi omkhulu waseRussia wemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, bayaqaphela ukuthi ngo-2021 kunezimfuneko zentwasahlobo ehlala isikhathi eside, lapho ukuncibilika kancane kwesembozo seqhwa nomhlabathi obandayo kungenza buthaka izithombo. Izitshalo ezisesimweni sokuntuleka kwezakhi azikwazi ukuzivikela kuma-phytopathogens amaningi. Ezitshalweni ngazinye, ngenxa yezifo zazo kanye nezici zesimo sezulu, kungalahleka kufika ku-20% wesivuno uma izinyathelo zokondla nokuvikela izitshalo zingathathwa ngesikhathi.
Ekuqaleni kuka-March, i-Roshydrometeorological Centre yathuthukisa isibikezelo sezitshalo zasebusika: uma ekuqaleni kwasebusika isabelo sezitshalo ezimbi nezihlulekile sasilinganiselwa engxenyeni eyodwa kwesihlanu yazo zonke izindawo ezingaphansi kwezitshalo zasebusika, manje isingaphansi kweshumi: imvula yasebusika ine kakhulu. walungisa isimo.
“Ukushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke esikubonayo kuyamangalisa ngempela futhi kuthinta umhlaba wonke,” kusho uDmitry Belov, inhloko yomnyango wokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ka-August. - Kulobu busika sasikwazi ukubona ukukhithika kweqhwa ezweni lonke, ukusuka eningizimu kuya eSiberia, ingasaphathwa eyeqhwa ngaphesheya kweplanethi - isibonelo, eTexas. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikwindla edlule yayicindezela kakhulu abalimi abaseningizimu nengxenye yezifunda ezimaphakathi neRussia. Ngenxa yesomiso, babebhekene nombuzo: linda umswakama futhi uhlwanyele kamuva, noma uhlwanyele ngaphambili, kodwa ujulise ukuhlwanyela. Esimweni sesibili, izitshalo zinikezwa kakhulu ngomswakama, kodwa zinamathuba amancane okulima futhi, njengomthetho, zingakha isiqu esisodwa kuphela esikhiqizayo. Manje, ngemva kokukhithika kweqhwa, sibona ukuthi ukuhlwanyela okujulile kulezo zifunda lapho ukuvuthwa kwezitshalo zasebusika ngokuvamile kungasongeli lutho akuzange kube nengqondo, ukuhlwanyela sekwephuzile kwathola ithuba lokuthuthukisa futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, singakwazi kakade ukukhuluma ngesivuno esingaba esivamile. Nokho, phakathi nenkathi yokuhlwanyela kwasekwindla, kwakunzima kakhulu ukubikezela intuthuko yezenzakalo ezinjalo.”
Ngokusho kochwepheshe ba "August", akukhona nje mayelana nemvula. Umoya nesithwathwa kuvame ukudlala indima yakho - iqhwa elivela emasimini ezimweni ezinjalo lingapheshulwa libe yimigodi nemihosha. Nokho, kulobu busika izulu lali ngasohlangothini lwabalimi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Stavropol, lapho ingxenye emaphakathi yesifunda yayimbozwe yiqhwa kuqala, kwase kuthi ingxenye esempumalanga eyomile kakhulu, esimweni sezulu esizolile, izinga lokushisa lomoya lenyuka, uqweqwe lwakhiwe, futhi imimoya enamandla yayeka ukuba yingozi. amasimu. Iqhwa elisele kubo, lapho lincibilika, lizokwazi ukondla inhlabathi. Amazinga okushisa aphansi e-Central Federal District (isibonelo, ukwehla kwe-thermometer kuya ku--37 ° C esifundeni saseTula) nakho akuzange konakalise ukolweni wasebusika: ngaleso sikhathi, ikhava yeqhwa lapha yayifinyelele kumitha futhi ivikele izitshalo. Okufanayo kusebenza ku-Central Black Earth Region, Northwestern Federal District, eSiberia nasezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia. IRiphabhulikhi yaseTatarstan, i-Altai Territory kanye nezinye izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo zase-continent zihlangabezane nobusika obujwayelekile - ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu kanye nemvula evamile. Lezi zimo sezivele zidala izimfuneko zokuthola isivuno esiyisisekelo sokusanhlamvu (kufika ku-30 centners per hectare). Kodwa ukwanda kokukhiqiza kuzoncika ezimvula zasehlobo, njengoba umswakama ngokwesiko uyashoda lapha. Njengoba u-2020 ubonisile, abakhiqizi bezolimo abanakekela izinyathelo ezihlobene nokongiwa komswakama, njengokushintshela ekulimeni okuncane, ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo zokumboza, nokongiwa kwezinsalela zezitshalo, bazothola inzuzo.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesomiso sasekwindla, abalimi abahlwanyela i-rapeseed yasebusika bazithola besesimweni sokungaqiniseki: uma ukolweni wasebusika ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo ungalinda noma uhambe ngaphansi kweqhwa esigabeni "shlitz", overwinter and clear up, then rapeseed under izimo ezinjalo ngokuvamile ziyafa. Isabelo sezindawo "eziwela ngaphandle" ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezidlwengulwe ebusika eSifundazweni Sase-Southern Federal zingaba cishe ngama-50%, futhi indaba yokutshala kabusha ngeke kudingeke ixazululwe hhayi kuphela ngabalimi basezifundeni eziseningizimu, kodwa nakwamanye amapulazi aseNyakatho. -Izifunda ze-Western kanye ne-Central federal. Ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe benkampani yakwa-Avgust babikezela ukuthi indawo yokudlwengulwa eRussia izoqhubeka ikhula, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha njengaseminyakeni emi-5 edlule: ezindaweni eziningi, abalimi bazokhetha ukuhlwanyela i-sunflower noma i-flax yamafutha esikhundleni salokho, okwabonisa. inzuzo ephezulu ngemuva kokuvuna ngo-2020.
Le ntwasahlobo ingase ithathe isikhathi eside ezifundeni eziningi. Uma inhlabathi ifudumala kancane, isikhathi sokuhlwanyela sizoshintsha noma sizowela ezikhathini ezibandayo, okungase kuphazamise isivuno esingaba khona. Ngonyaka odlule, abalimi bamazambane babhekana nenkinga enjalo, futhi lesi simo singase siphindaphinde. Lapho utshala enhlabathini ebandayo, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta, ezithinta ingxenye ebalulekile yembewu, zizokhula ngokushesha, futhi ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ukwelashwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa nokutshala imisele ngama-fungicides kuzoba okubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokumelene nesizinda sokuwa kweqhwa okukhulu, abalimi bangase babhekane nenkinga efana nezitshalo zasebusika ezibuna. Isembozo seqhwa asipheli ngosuku olulodwa, phakathi nesithwathwa ebusuku, kungase kwakhiwe uqweqwe lweqhwa, futhi uma ngalesi sikhathi izithombo sezivele zikhula kakhulu, zidla futhi ziphefumula, khona-ke inqubo yokudla izakhi zesitshalo ngokwayo ihamba ngokushesha okukhulu. , kuyilapho emazingeni okushisa aphansi ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngesistimu yezimpande kulinganiselwe kakhulu. Ezitshalweni zasebusika ezibuthakathaka, lapho kuphuma khona ngaphansi kweqhwa, isikhunta seqhwa, isikhunta se-typhoid, ne-sclerotinia siyakhula. Umswakama ophezulu udala izimo zokuvela kwe-powdery mildew nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokubola kwezimpande ezitshalweni zasebusika nezasentwasahlobo. E-Krasnodar Territory, amapulazi amaningi aseqalile ukuphakela izitshalo zasebusika ukuvimbela ubuthakathaka bazo.
Entwasahlobo ende, izitshalo zebhali zisongelwa yizifo ezinjengamabala ansundu kanye nendawo enetha, futhi ukuze kuvinjwe ukukhula kokutheleleka, ukwelashwa kokuqala kwe-fungicidal yezithombo kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu - ngaphambi kwalokho, ngokwesibonelo. , endabeni kakolweni.
"Ngo-2020, ngokokuqala ngqa, ezinye izifunda zaseRussia zithole isivuno esikhulu ngempela, okuhlanganisa nokwanda kwamahektare," kusho uDmitry Belov. - Ekwindla, siphinde sabona ukuthambekela kokwanda kwezindawo ezingaphansi kwezitshalo zasebusika. Isivuno ngehektha ngalinye siyakhula, futhi kucatshangelwa amandla ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kanye nezici zesimo sezulu, lapho izimo ezivumayo zezolimo zishintshela enyakatho kanye nokufudumala, kunesidingo sokwandisa imvamisa yokwelashwa ngezifo zezitshalo - ama-fungicides. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukutheleleka ezimeni ezintsha nakho kuyaqala ukuthuthuka. ”
Ezitshalweni ngazinye, ngenxa yezifo zazo kanye nezici zesimo sezulu, kungalahleka kufika ku-20% wesivuno uma izinyathelo zokondla nokuvikela izitshalo zingathathwa ngesikhathi. Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, isembozo seqhwa esasilondoloza izitshalo sasinikeza izimo ezipholile zokudlula ubusika kubantu abadala kanye neziphungumangathi zezinambuzane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi inani lezinambuzane ezifana nebhu leklabishi liye lehla ngo-2020, ngokuvamile, amandla okuphila kwabantu ayancipha, futhi kulo nyaka akufanele kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu kubakhiqizi bezolimo noma abafuyi bezinyosi. baphoqeleka ukuthi banciphise ukuhamba kwezinambuzane lapho belungisa izinkambu.
“Ngifisa ukuba nethemba lokuthi kulo nyaka sizogwema isithwathwa sika-April esifundeni esiseNingizimu Federal, njengoba lokhu kusongela ukulimaza izitshalo zikakolweni wasebusika ezithuthuke kahle, kanye namagatsha ezisimini zama-apula, okuthinta kabi izinga nenani lama-apula. futhi, ngokufanele, intengo yabo esikhathini esizayo” , - unezela uDmitry Belov.
Phakathi kwezinto ezingase zibe nomthelela ongaqondile ekuvuneni, ochwepheshe babiza ukwethulwa kwezabelo nemisebenzi ekuthengisweni kukakolweni, irye, ummbila nebhali, kanye nembewu yamafutha. Idlanzana labalimi nochwepheshe sebememezele ukuthi kungenzeka kuncishiswe indawo ngaphansi kokusanhlamvu. Kodwa-ke, ukolweni ezinkampanini zezolimo zaseRussia wenza ama-50% noma ngaphezulu azo zonke izindawo ezitshaliwe, futhi ngo-2021 insimu yokuqondisa abalimi abakhulu izoncishiswa ngenxa yemikhumbi eyakhiwe yemishini yezolimo ekhethekile nemishini, izici zokujikeleza kwezitshalo nezinye izici. Kodwa esikhathini esizayo, imikhawulo yemakethe ingaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezitshalo.
Amanani entengo yemikhiqizo yemifino ngesizini yezolimo ka-2020/2021 nawo angase athintwe ubunzima bokuthutha abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe baye emasimini aseRussia ngenxa yobhubhane oluqhubekayo lwe-coronavirus. “Uma kunezimfuneko zalokhu, ngingaphakamisa ukuthi kuthunyelwe abafundi bamanyuvesi ezolimo, okuhlanganisa nawo wonke amakhono, baye emasimini, njengoba besho, ukuze bahogele isibhamu,” kusho uDmitry Belov. "Ukuzijwayeza okunjalo, kungase kube umfutho ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha: ochwepheshe besikhathi esizayo, sebebonile ukuthi unzima kangakanani umsebenzi womfuyi wasensimini, bazocabanga ukuthi bangayenza kanjani ibe lula futhi bayithuthukise."