Isihloko somgunyathi emakethe yemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo (ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho abakhiqizi bezolimo bethenga futhi basebenzise izidakamizwa mbumbulu noma ezingabhalisiwe eRussia) akuyona enye yalezi okuxoxwa ngazo ngenkuthalo endaweni evulekile: abantu abafuni ukuheha yeziphathimandla ezilawulayo, kepha ungacabangi njalo ngobungozi obungakanani.
Eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu edlule ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia, ngokusho kwedatha engekho emthethweni, kube nokuqubuka kokuthakasela kwabase-agrari ekuthini isibulala-zinambuzane sesigaba sokuqala sengozi i-isophenphos-methyl. Okungavumelekile, ngoba eRussia azikho izidakamizwa ezibhalisiwe ezisuselwa kule nto, kepha ezingxoxweni "ngaphandle kwe-dictaphone" abalimi baqinisekisa lolu lwazi.
"Lokhu kukhulu, kufana nomlilo eningizimu yethu," omunye wabakhiqizi bezolimo wabelana ngokubona kwakhe nentatheli ye "Potato System". ...
Umuthi kusobala ukuthi awunalo idumela elihle kakhulu ngokuphepha komthengi, yize empeleni kunemininingwane encane ethembekile ngawo, ikhambi elidala kakhulu: i-isophenphos-methyl yaqala ukubhaliswa ngo-1975.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane enikezwe lo magazini yinsizakalo yabezindaba yeRosselkhoznadzor, i-isophenphos-methyl ibonakala ngobuthi obukhulu bomlomo kubantu (LD50 21,52 mg / kg). Ivele ngokujikeleza ngasikhathi sinye ne-isophenphos, noma kunjalo, imiphumela yesikhathi eside yomphumela wayo emzimbeni womuntu ayifundwa kangako. I-Isofenphos ne-isophenophos-methyl bahlukaniswa njengobungozi yi-United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Ngokuya ngezindlela ezihlelekile zokubuyekeza ezakhiwe yi-US National Poison Control Programme, le mithi ifakiwe ohlwini lwezinto ezibangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine. E-European Union, lezi zinto zihlukaniswa "njengeziphelelwe yisikhathi". E-China, i-isophenphos-methyl, kanye nezinye izidakamizwa ezinobuthi, kancane kancane iyakhishwa ekusakazekeni kwegazi.
Yini eheha abalimi besimanje isidakamizwa esidlulelwe yisikhathi futhi esiyingozi kakhulu?
Ngokusho kukaKonstantin Onatsky, umphathi wezitshalo nomkhiqizo we-FMC, i-isophenphos-methyl yaqala ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni weVolgograd, iRostov nezinye izifunda eziseningizimu neRussia, izama ukuqeda ugwayi otrip anyanisi. Yize uchwepheshe eqiniseka ukuthi ubunzima bokulwa nesinambuzane abubangelwe ukungabi bikho kwemithi esebenzayo futhi evunyelwe emakethe, kepha ngokungakwazi ukusebenza nayo (ukungathobeli imithetho yokusebenzisa).
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-isophenphos-methyl, ngokombono wochwepheshe, kuthwala izingozi eziningi zebhizinisi (ngaphezu kwedumela nezomthetho). “Lesi isidakamizwa esenziwe ngamaShayina,” kuphawula uKonstantin Onatsky, “Asazi ukuthi ukungcola okuqukethe kubangelwa yini yinto esebenzayo, kodwa futhi kungaba nobuthi, nokuthi kuyingozi kangakanani kubantu namasiko, ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani azohlala enhlabathini nokuthi azokwenza kanjani uma ezotshala kumasizini ezayo akwaziwa. "
Amacala lapho ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa zomgunyathi kuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu ezitshalweni, ngisho nasekufeni okuphelele kwezitshalo, kuqoshwa eRussia minyaka yonke.
Masingakhohlwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisezingeni eliphansi kulimaza imvelo (kubangela ukungcola kwenhlabathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba namanzi angaphezulu), futhi kuthinta kakhulu impilo yabathengi bokudla.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kumisa abantu abambalwa: ngokusho kweRussian Union of Manufacturers of Chemical Plant Protection Products, kwezinye izindawo isabelo semakethe sezibulala-zinambuzane zomgunyathi nezikhohlisiwe sifinyelela kuma-30%.
Esinye sezizathu ukutholakala kwemithi enjalo. Izikhangiso ezithengisa i-isofenphos-methyl efanayo zingatholakala kalula kumanethiwekhi omphakathi nasezithunyweni ezisheshayo.
IFederal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) ibhekele ukuphatha ukungeniswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kanye ne-agrochemicals endaweni yaseRussia, kanye nokuhambisana nokuhambisana nemithetho yokusebenzisa kwabo ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yezolimo. Kepha inhlangano ibilokhu yenza le misebenzi kusukela ngoJuni 29 walo nyaka, selokhu kwaqala ukusebenza uhlelo olusha lweFederal Law No. 109-FZ “On the Safe Handling Hand of Pesticides and Agrochemicals”.
Kusukela ngalolu suku kuqhubeke, yonke imishanguzo yokubulala izinambuzane kanye nama-agrochemicals womkhiqizo wangaphandle ingena ezweni lethu ngezindawo ezithile zokuhlola umngcele (zikhona eziyi-14 sezizonke), zinemishini ekhethekile ekuvumela ukuthi ulandele ivolumu nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo engenisiwe.
Ngasikhathi sinye, igunya le-Rosselkhoznadzor alibandakanyi ukulawulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nemithi yokwelapha eza kithi evela emazweni angamalungu e-Eurasian Economic Union, futhi lokhu kungumsuka wenkinga. Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezinsizakalo, abakhiqizi baseChina eminyakeni yamuva baphinde bakha kabusha ukunikezwa kwemithi ekhishwe ekusakazweni eMiddle Kingdom kuya ezimakethe ezingalawulwa kahle zamazwe aseCentral Asia, lapho le mithi ingena khona kalula eRussia. Ngendlela, ngokusho kokubona kwabalimi, i-isophenphos-methyl ihamba ngale ndlela: isuka eChina iya eKazakhstan, bese kuphela emasimini aseRussia.
"Ezimweni zemingcele evulekile phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-Eurasian Economic Union, akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokuphikisana nokusakazwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zomgunyathi nemithi yezemithi kuphela ngemizamo yeRosselkhoznadzor," kusho umnyango uphawula ngalesi simo.
Ukuvimba umgwaqo oya ezidakamizweni ezingabhalisiwe nezombombayi, kudingeka isinqumo esivamile se-EAEU, kungenzeka ukuthi izinhlangano sezixoxile ngamaqembu (ikakhulukazi, umhlangano wesihloko esifanele ubanjelwe endaweni yeKhomishini Yezomnotho yase-Eurasian ngo-Agasti 4), kepha iziphakamiso zeRosselkhoznadzor azikasekelwa.
Okwamanje, hhayi kuphela izibulala-zinambuzane ezinemvelaphi engabazisayo nokuqukethwe, kepha nemikhiqizo yezithelo nemifino ekhule ngokusetshenziswa kwayo, iba yingozi empilweni yezakhamizi.
Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngemifino nezithelo ezingenisiwe, umthamo wezinto eziya eRussia ngenombolo yamagama ukhule kakhulu kulo nyaka odlule. Njengoba nazi, okwamanje, lapho zingeniswa ezweni, lezi zimpahla azihlolwe okuqukethwe kwamanani asalile ama-pesticides kanye nama-agrochemicals, kepha iqoqo ngalinye lihlaziywa ngokucophelela ukuba khona kwezinto ezihlukanisayo ze-EAEU. Abenzi, besaba ukubuya kwezimpahla, bavame ukwandisa ngamabomu amanani okucubungula, futhi le mikhiqizo inikezwa ngokukhululekile ezitolo zaseRussia.
Isixazululo sale nkinga, ngokombono kaRosselkhoznadzor, kufanele kube ukwethulwa kokuchitshiyelwa komthetho emkhakheni wokuphathwa okuphephile kwezibulala-zinambuzane nama-agrochemicals, okunikeza i-ejensi igunya lalolu hlobo lokulawula kumgomo "kusuka inkambu yokulwisana nayo ", kufaka phakathi nemikhiqizo engeniswe evela kwamanye amazwe.
“Ukulawulwa okukhethiwe kokuphepha kwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo kusuka kumenzi noma ngesikhathi sokuvunyelwa kokungeniswa kwemikhiqizo engenisiwe ngaphambi kokuba ihlukaniswe ngamanani amancane bese kuyadayiswa yiyona ndlela kuphela engenzeka kukho kokubili ukuvimbela ukusakazwa kwemikhiqizo engaphephile nokukhomba abenzi nabangenisi ungahambisani nemithetho yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ", - kusho ochwepheshe beRosselkhoznadzor.
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi indawo okuzobhekelelwa kuyo lo Mnyango izonwetshwa yini. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuze kube kulo nyaka iRosselkhoznadzor yayingenagunya lokwengamela inzuzo yemithi yokubulala izinambuzane iminyaka eyishumi.
K S