Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhula kwemifino yaseRussia kubonise amandla entuthuko ahlaba umxhwele. Kodwa-ke, ukutshalwa kwesitshalo ngasinye semifino kugcwele ubunzima obuningi, okuphuthuma kakhulu ukulwa nezifo ezidala umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni. Ngabe imikhiqizo yokuvikela isivuno emakethe ingaqinisekisa impumelelo kule mpi?
IMITHETHO YOKUFAKA ISIHLOKO
Inkinga yokuqala ebhekene nabakhiqizi basekhaya bemikhiqizo yemifino uhla olunganele lwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ebhaliswe eRussia. Uma ngabe i-herbicide eyodwa kuphela ebhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ukuvikela ugarlic, kungenzeka yini ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga zokutshala lesi sitshalo nokuqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu njalo? Abenzi bezinye izitshalo zemifino, ikakhulukazi, izaqathe, nabo babhekana nesethi elinganiselwe yemithi.
Masingakhohlwa ukuthi izilimo eziningi kunzima ukuzicubungula. Iklabishi no-anyanisi kunokumbozwa okuluhlaza okuvimbela ukungena kwezidakamizwa ekujuleni kwezitshalo, amahlamvu aqinile aphazamisa ukucubungula kuzambane, namaqabunga amancane futhi abushelelezi anyanisi nogalikhi.
Izifo eziningi nezinambuzane kumele zilwe ngezindlela zokuzivikela. Ukuvimbela, hhayi ukwelapha, izimpawu esezivele kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela izitshalo zemifino.
Ngokufanelekile, ingxenye ebalulekile yezindlela zokuzivikela kufanele ihlose ukunciphisa ubungozi besifo futhi ikhombe nezimpawu zayo ekuqaleni kwesigaba. Ngokuqondene nokuvimbela ubungozi, ukunakwa ngokucophelela kakhulu kufanele kukhokhwe kwikhwalithi yezindlela zokwelapha kanye nesikhathi sazo. Awukwazi ukunciphisa imiphumela yemithi yokubulala ukhula esetshenziswe kusiko elidlule.
Futhi-ke, ukukhetha izinhlobo kanye nzalo kumele kwanele emhlabathini okhona kanye nezimo zezulu kanye necebo elikhethiwe lokuvikela ezolimo.
AMAKHARROTI - NGAPHANDLE KWENGOZI
Ungenza kanjani ukuvikela izaqathe ezifweni? Okokuqala, kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo ngisho nasezingeni lokuhlwanyelwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa. Izidakamizwa zeSyngenta ezinjenge-APRON® neMaXIM ® zikulungele kahle lokhu. Ngenxa yokucubungula kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe beFarMore, imbewu ivikelekile kuyo yonke inhlanganisela yamagciwane enhlabathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokukhula kokubola kwezithombo, kubalulekile ukugwema i-nitrogen eyeqile nosawoti emhlabathini, ukuminyana kwenhlabathi nokwakheka koqweqwe, ukungena komoya okwanele endaweni yezimpande, ukulimala kwemishini ezimpandeni noma kukhola wezimpande. Futhi i-fungicide eyinhloko yeziqathe kufanele kube yi-CIDELI ™ TOP, umuthi othembisayo ovela eSyngenta, obhaliswe emakethe yaseRussia ngo-2019. Inzuzo yayo ukwakhiwa okusha ngokuphelele okususelwa ku-lactic acid, eqinisekisa ukungena okugcwele kwesidakamizwa esitshalweni. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-CIDELI ™ TOP zifaka phakathi ukwabiwa kabusha kanye nokungena ezindaweni okunzima ukuzifutha. Lokhu kufinyelelwe ngenxa yomsebenzi wesigaba segesi somuthi. Isenzo se-translaminar se-fungicide sinamandla impela.
Ngaphezu kokunaka zonke izinhlobo zobungozi, umkhiqizi wemifino kufanele azi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izifo ezimpawu zesitshalo asikhulayo; Yiziphi izimo ezithandwa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane; ukwazi ukubona izimpawu zesifo futhi, khetha izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulwa naso. Izifo ezilandelayo ziyingozi kakhulu izaqathi:
- Izifo zezithombo (odla izimpande). Izimpawu: ukubola kwempande kanye ne-submucosal knee in izithombo. Ekuqaleni iziveza ngesimo sezindawo ezinengilazi noma ezinsundu, bese isakazeka futhi yakha ukuqunjelwa okwenziwa njalo ngonyaka. Ekugcineni, impande iba mnyama bese isitshalo sifa. Amagciwane: I-Pythium violae, P. sulcatum, P. ultimum, coloratum, Rhizoctonia sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria dauci, A. radicina.
- I-Powdery Mildew Izimpawu zihlukile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene: Leveillula taurica, L. Lanuginose ibonakala ngokuvela kwamabala aphuzi angala emaqabungeni, ngemuva kwawo kukhona amafomu amhlophe we-powdery coating, emva kwalokho amaqabunga omile. Umenzeli we-causative Erysiphe umbelliferarum ngokushesha wenza ukuhlanganisa okumhlophe ohlangothini olungaphezulu lweqabunga. Amagciwane: I-Erysiphe ambelliferarum, i-Leveillula taurica, uL Lanuginose.
- Izaqathi ze-Alternaria. Izimpawu: ukulahleka kwezithombo, ukufa kweziqongqongo, izilimo zezimpande ezibolile. Amagciwane: I-Alternaria dauci, A. radicina.
- Ukubola okumhlophe. Izimpawu: ukwakheka emaqabungeni (kuya kwisisekelo se-petiole) kwezindawo ezinamanzi ansundu i-5-10 mm ububanzi. Kuvela i-mycelium emhlophe yesikhunta kwisisekelo seqabunga, esithinta isivuno sezimpande, khona-ke kwakhiwa i-sclerotia 5-10 mm. Ingozi yokubola okumhlophe ukuthi izivuno zezimpande ezinempilo zivulwa kabusha enqolobaneni. I-Pathogen: I-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
Le yimithombo eyinhloko yengozi yamakherothi, esongela ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo. Isikimu esisebenzayo sokuvikela sifaka izindlela ezimbalwa ze-agrotechnical esebenzisa izidakamizwa zesimanje. Ngenhlanhla, abenzi bezokuvikela izitshalo abasha bethulwa emakethe yaseRussia, okwenza kube lula ngabatshali ukuthi bawuqede lo msebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka ka-2019 no-2020, iSyngenta isiphothula inqubo yokubhalisa yamalungiselelo amaningi okuvikela izitshalo zemifino yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “isethi yemifino”: I-RIDOMIL® GOLD R, ZIDELI® TOP, i-E amanIYA®, i-BOXER ®, i-AMPLIGO ®.
Kungashiwo ngaphandle kwehaba ukuthi ngenxa yalokhu, enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zokuvikelwa kwesanqante - uhla olunganele lwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo - isiseduze nokuxazululwa.
I-ZIDELI ™ TOP inezithako ezimbili ezisebenzayo. Umuntu ungena kuqala ezingxenyeni zamaqabunga, bese engena ezingxenyeni ezikhulayo zesikhunta, lapho aphazamisa khona i-biosynthesis of sterols in membranes cell, ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamaseli kuyaphazamiseka bese ukhunta uyafa. Enye into evimbela ukwakheka kwe-apressoria, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-mycelium, ukwakheka kwezinhlaka nokukhula kwamakoloni.
Indlela engcono yokusebenzisa i-CIDELI ™ TOP ngukufafaza ngenkathi yokukhula. Izinga lokusetshenziswa - 0,8-1.0 l / ha, ukusetshenziswa ketshezi olusebenzayo 200-300 l / ha. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-prophylactic (ngaphambi kokutheleleka kwesiko) - cishe i-100% kufika ezinsukwini eziyi-14; umphumela uhlala uzinzile kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-11 ngemuva kokufaka isicelo. Iphutha elikhulu labakhiqizi ukwenza ukwelashwa lapho kunezimpawu ezibonakalayo ezitshalweni eziningi. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwesikhunta kwandisa kakhulu ubungozi bokungazweli emthini kwamagciwane.
Uhlu lwezidakamizwa i-ZIDELI ™ TOP esebenzisana nalo lubanzi kakhulu. Ngokuxubana okufanele, imiphumela enjalo emihle ibonakaliswa njengokwanda kwesibalo sezifo ezicindezelwe, ukwanda kwesenzo sokulawula izifo ezimeni ze-epiphytotic, kanye nokuphathwa kokumelana. By the way, ubungozi bokumelana namagciwane kwezifo ezinkulu zekherothi uma usebenzisa le ukhunta mincane. Isici esibalulekile: I-ZIDELI ™ TOP ayinayo i-phytotoxicity uma usebenzisa noma imiphi imishanguzo ebhalisiwe yomuthi. Kuphephile kuzo zombili izilimo zemifino nama-entomophages.
Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuvela komuthi i-ZIDELI ™ TOP emakethe yaseRussia, izinkinga eziningi zezifo zekherothi kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuzixazulula. Le fungicide ayivikele kuphela izaqathi, isiza ukukhulisa umkhiqizo kanye nokwenza inzuzo kwe-agribusiness iyonke.
Inhloko yezazi ezobuchwepheshe kumasiko akhethekile eSyngenta Olga Voblova:
- Uma ukhula izaqathe ezihlose ukugcina isikhathi eside, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukucindezeleka okuvimbela ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwesitshalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinqubo zomzimba ngeke ziphothulwe kwisitshalo sezimpande, kanti izaqathe zizogcinwa kahle. Lesi ngesinye isizathu sokunaka ngokukhethekile ukuvimbela nokulawulwa kwezifo zesanqante, kanye nokukhetha ngokucophelela amakhambi afanele.
ISyngenta njengamanje ibhalisa i-BOXER® herbicide ukuze isetshenziswe izaqathe no-anyanisi. Ngifuna ukugcizelela ukuthi kulezi zilimo, ngokungafani namazambane, i-BOXER® isetshenziswa njenge-postemergence herbicide, futhi ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kutholakala ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okuyingxenye (2-2,5 l / ha ngokudla ngakunye). Ngalokhu kusetshenziswa, sisebenzisa ikhwalithi ebaluleke kakhulu ye-BOXER® herbicide - ikhono lokudiliza ungqimba lwe-wax ezitshalweni. Ngokwenza ukuxubana kwamathangi nemithi yokubulala ukhula esivele ikhona emakethe, kungenzeka ukuthi kwandiswe kakhulu uhla lokhula olucindezelwe futhi kuncishiswe amazinga okusetshenziswa kwemithi evimbela izitshalo zezitshalo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise umthelela omubi esitshalweni.