Ingqungquthela ye-All-Russian Agronomic
NgoFebhuwari 6, ingqungquthela ye-All-Russian Agronomic Convention yabanjwa njengengxenye ye-International Exhibition Agrofarm-2019.
IZINHLELO ZE-CROP
NgoFebhuwari 6, ingqungquthela ye-All-Russian Agronomic Convention yabanjwa njengengxenye ye-International Exhibition Agrofarm-2019. Emcimbini wokubamba iqhaza kobuholi boNgqongqoshe Wezolimo, abamele uMnyango Duma nezinhlaka ezilawulayo zezifunda zezolimo, imiphumela yokuthuthuka kwezolimo ngonyaka ka-2018 yacaciswa, kanye nemisebenzi yekusasa elicacisiwe yachazwa.
IMIPHUMELA NOKUVIKELA
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo ngonyaka ka-2024, iPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wokuqala, u-Dzhambulat Khatuov wabiza ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuqoqwa okuzinzile okusanhlamvu ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-137,5 ngamathuba okuthekelisa ngamathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-55 ngonyaka.
Ukufeza lezi zinkomba, izinhlaka zokulawulwa kwezimboni zezolimo eziyimboni eyindida zidinga ukuhlola umhlaba wezolimo ongasetshenziswanga futhi ziqinisekise ukwethulwa kwazo ukuze kusatshalaliswe.
Futhi ngonyaka ka-2019, izifunda zabelwa umsebenzi ngokwanda okuphindwe kathathu endaweni yokunciphisa umhlabathi, kuze kufike kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-775, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuxhasa umbuso.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngesikhathi somcimbi, ngonyaka odlule, yize izimo zezulu zazinzima, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje bezolimo, izakhiwo zezimboni zezolimo zaseRussia zakhombisa imiphumela ehloniphekile, namarekhodi abekwa ekuqoqweni kwesilimo ngasinye. Ngakho-ke, ngokwezibalo zokuqala, kwavunwa amathani ayi-19,2 wembewu kawoyela: isivuno esikhulu sikabhekilanga sasiyizigidi eziyi-12,6, izimbotyi zesoya - amathani ayizigidi ezi-3,9, zadlwengulwa - amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,98.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukuvuna okukhulu kwemifino ebamba ukushisa okusha kudlula amathani ayisigidi. Ngenkathi sigcina isivinini sokuthuthuka kwemboni, abalimi basekhaya kule minyaka engu-1-3 ezayo bazokwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zakuleliya lizwe zemifino eluhlaza.
UKUHLAZIYELWA KWESITOLO
Lesi sihloko esifanele saqokonyiswa enkulumweni yakhe eyenziwe nguRoman Nekrasov, Umqondisi woMnyango Wezokukhiqizwa Kwezitshalo, Mechanization, Chemicalization kanye nokuvikelwa kwezitshalo koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation.
Ugcizelele ukuthi ezolimo ngokuya ngejubane lokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bolwazi ngenye yezindawo ezinamandla kakhulu emnothweni wanamuhla. Kulokhu, uMnyango Wezolimo usebenzisa uhlelo lomnyango oluthi "Ezolimo Kwedijithali". Inhloso yephrojekthi: Uguquko kwezolimo ngokwazisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali kanye nezixazululo zesikhulumi ukuqinisekisa ukwanda kwezobuchwepheshe kule ndawo yezimboni yezolimo kanye nokufeza ukwanda okuphindwe kabili kathathu kokukhiqizwa kwabasebenzi emabhizinisini ezolimo zedijithali ngo-2021.
Umqondisi womnyango okhulisa izitshalo wethule izifunda zomshayeli (kufaka phakathi: iBelgorod, izifunda zaseSamara, iRiphabhulikhi yaseTatarar, iBashkortostan, iMordovia, njll.), Amasimu azokwenza umsebenzi ohlelekile ekwethulweni kobuchwepheshe bedijithali ukuze imisebenzi emihle ngemuva kwalokho iphindaphindwe ezweni lonke.
UKUFINYELELA UKUFINYELELA UNLESS
Ngo-2019, ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11,34 abelwa ukuthi anikeze ukwesekwa okungahambisani ekukhiqizeni kwezitshalo.
Ekhuluma ngemigomo yokusabalalisa le mali phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezolimo, umqondisi woMnyango okhulisa izitshalo uveze ukuthi njengakuqala, kuzonikezwa uxhaso kumafamu enza umsebenzi wokutshala okusanhlamvu, umdumba kanye nezitshalo zokudla. Abakhiqizi bamazambane wembewu, imbewu yemifino yasendaweni evulekile, ummbila, ishukela, ubhekilanga, ifilakisi, i-hemp yezobuchwepheshe nayo izothola ukwesekwa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, inani lezinkokhelo lizonyuswa ngo-15% kulawo mabhizinisi aqinisekisa indawo yawo ayihlwanyelayo. Ngakho-ke, uMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation uhlela ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komshuwalense wezolimo ezweni.
Imali eyengeziwe yabelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwenye indawo ebalulekile eqashelwa yi-ejensi njengenye yezinto eziza kuqala iminyaka ezayo: inhlangano yomsebenzi wokunciphisa umhlabathi wenhlabathi enomhlaba. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation, kukhona cishe ama-30% wenhlabathi enjalo eRussia, imile kuzoba yisigaba esibalulekile emsebenzini ukukhulisa ukuzala kwabo. Emapulazini azibambe iqhaza kulo msebenzi, uxhaso luhlinzekwa ngenhlanganisela eyi-2.0.
Enye yezimo ezibalulekile zokuthola uxhaso ngukusetshenziswa kwebhizinisi lezolimo lezimbewu kuphela lezo zinhlobo noma nzalo ezifakiwe kwiRegional State of Selection Achievements futhi evunyiwe ukuze isetshenziswe esifundeni lapho kulinyelwa khona. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimfanelo zokuhlukahluka nokuhlwanyelwa kwento yembewu kumele zihambisane ne-GOST R 52325-2005.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwabiwa kwezimali zokusekelwa kuzothinteka ngenxa yendawo. Emapulazini aseNi-Black Earth Zone yaseRussia (etholakala ezindaweni ezinesomiso kanye nokugcwala kwamanzi), kanye neSifunda SaseSiberia, IFar East Federal District, iRiphabhlikhi yaseCrimea kanye nedolobha laseSevastopol, uxhaso luzokhokhwa ngenani eliphakeme lokukhulisa u-1,7.
Kepha izifunda ezinezimo zezulu ezithandeka kakhulu (iBelgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk, Tambov, izifunda zeRostov, iKrasnodar neStavropol Territories) ngeke zithole uxhaso emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwezilimo kulo nyaka (ngaphandle kwesabelo esabiwe ngokususelwa ekujuleni komshuwalense wendawo yezitshalo) .
IMISEBENZI YEMITHETHO
Indawo ebalulekile yomsebenzi woMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation ngumthetho womthetho. Njengoba i-Roman Nekrasov yaphawula, ngonyaka ka-2019 uMnyango Wezolimo uhlela ukubamba iqhaza ekwenziweni nasetshenzisweni kwalezi zenzo ezilandelayo zomthetho nezokulawula:
• Uhlaka Lomthetho "Ngokuchibiyela Umthetho" Ekukhiqizweni Kwezimbewu "kanye nezinye izenzo zomthetho zeRussia Federation;
• Umthethosivivinywa wokuqashwa kombuso emkhakheni wokuphathwa okuphephile kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nama-agrochemicals;
• Imithetho kamasipala yomnyango yokusetshenziswa kwe-Federal Law yangomhlaka 21.072014 Julayi 206 No. XNUMX-FZ “On Quarantine Stelleine”;
• Umthetho oyilwayo we-Federal Law “On Izichibiyelo Zekhodi Yezwe laseRussian On Official Official (mayelana nokucacisa ukwakheka kwecala elinikezwe ku-Article 9.3 weKhodi Yezimali Zokuphatha, kanye namandla emizimba esebenzisa ukubhekwa kukahulumeni emkhakheni wesimo sobuchwepheshe bezimoto ezizisebenzelayo nezinye izinhlobo zemishini );
• Izichibiyelo zoHlelo Lombuso Lwezokuthuthukiswa Kwezolimo Nokulawulwa Kwemikhiqizo Yezolimo, Izinto Ezisemaphethweni Nezimakethe Zokudla.
IZIHLOKO ZESIHLOKO
Unyaka ka-2018 wakhunjulwa ngabakhiqizi bezolimo njengokwenyuka okukhulu kwamanani entengo kaphethiloli kanye namafutha. Kepha ingxenye yezindleko ezisakwazi ukunxeshezelwa: ngokugcizelelwa koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation, kwabiwa ama-ruble angama-5 billion esikhwameni sokugcina sikaHulumeni waseRussia Federation ukuze kuthengwe uphethiloli udizili womsebenzi wezolimo, lezi zimali zithunyelwe ezifundeni ezingama-79 zezwe.
Njengoba u-Roman Nekrasov egcizelele, uMnyango Wezolimo manje ususibheka njalo isimo emakethe kaphethiloli neyokuthambisa, futhi uma kwenzeka ukwanda kwezikweletu, izozama futhi ukungenelela ukunciphisa imiphumela yabalimi.
Ngaphandle kwalokho ngokucophelela, umnyango uqapha isimo emakethe yamanyolo wezimbiwa. Kuze kube maphakathi noNovemba 2018, kwafinyelelwa esivumelwaneni phakathi kokukhathazeka ngamakhemikhali noMnyango Wezolimo wokulungisa amanani omanyolo kumabhizinisi wezolimo aseRussia.
Kepha ekuqaleni konyaka omusha, amasignali aqala ukuvela ezifundeni mayelana nomjikelezo omusha wamanani entengo (ngokusho kwedatha yokuqala, ngoFebhuwari ukukhula ezikhundleni ezithile kufinyelela cishe ku-6%). Ngokusho komqondisi omkhulu wenhlangano yabakhiqizi bezithelo baseRussia uMaxim Kuznetsov, okungenzeka kakhulu, umehluko omncane wamanani uchazwa ngokwenyuka kwe-VAT, kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani entengo yemisebenzi yesitimela. Ngokusho kommeli womkhakha wamakhemikhali, okwamanje azikho izimfuneko zokukhuphuka kwentengo yomanyolo uqobo, noma ukwehla okuncane kwezindleko akunqunyelwe.
UMQONDO WOKUFUNA KWEMPILO YASERUSI
Isikhathi esiningi phakathi nomhlangano sasinikezwa ukudingida isidingo sokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemishini yezolimo yaseRussia futhi, ikakhulukazi ukubaluleka kokuhlola imodeli ngayinye ephuma kulayini womhlangano webhizinisi lasekhaya.
Njengoba uJambulat Khatuov evezile, ukuphumelela nokuhlolwa kwesikhathi kwezivivinyo namuhla kuzoba ngenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokukhetha lapho kunikelwa ngoxhaso oluvela kuhulumeni lokuthengwa kwemishini yezolimo. Ngaphandle kokukhetha, yonke imishini entsha izohlolwa eziteshini zokuhlola umshini, ochwepheshe bayo kumele basheshe balethe imininingwane mayelana nokushiyeka kwayo kubakhiqizi, okuzobavumela ukuthi baqedwe ngesikhathi esifushane.
IPhini LikaNgqongqoshe Wokuqala liphinde lahlaba ikhwela kubakhiqizi bezolimo ukuthi bahlinzeke ngezindawo ezizovivinywa ngogandaganda baseRussia futhi zihlangane ukuze kuhlanganiswe imishini yezolimo yasekhaya esigabeni esisha esiphezulu.
ISIVIVINYO
UGennady Alekseev, isekela lomqondisi wesayensi e-Federal State Budgetary Institution Hydrometeorological Center yaseRussia, ukhulume ngezimo zezulu ebusika bamanje kanye nomthelela wazo ezitshalweni ezizayo. Ubuye waveza ukuthi ukuhlwanyela izilimo zasebusika ngonyaka ka-2018 ezifundeni zaseningizimu naseNyakatho yeCaucasi kwadlula ngesikhathi sokuntuleka kwemvula isikhathi eside, emhlabathini owomile, okwakungeke kodwa kulithinte ikhwalithi yezithombo.
NgoJanuwari 2019, cishe ama-9% endawo elinywayo (cishe amahektare ayizigidi eziyi-1,55) ahlukaniswa njenganenkinga ngochwepheshe. Kepha enyangeni edlule, isimo sesingcono kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, izimo zezitshalo ezingezinhle zaqoshwa endaweni eyihektare eyizigidi ezingama-0,7. Ukuqhathanisa: ngonyaka we-2017, awekho amahektha angaphezu kwezi-0,3 million ahlukaniswa njengezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kommeleli weHydrometeorological Center yaseRussia, ukubikezela kwesitshalo kwezindawo eziseningizimu yezwe akusona esinethemba elikhulu okwamanje.
Ezweni lonke, izimo ze-agrometeorological zezitshalo zasebusika ezilimo zazinelisa kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo edolobheni laseLenin, iNovgorod, Smolensk, Tver, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Vologda, Kirov neNizhny Novgorod, lapho ngaphansi kwezembozo zeqhwa eziphakeme (4045 cm noma ngaphezulu) umhlabathi wokuqandeka wawumncane (2 cm cm), futhi kwezinye izindawo uhlala ncibilika, izimo zagcinwa ukuze kulinyazwe izitshalo zasebusika ngenxa yokuhwamuka.
Kepha okwakulindelwe kakhulu, yiqiniso, ulwazi mayelana nentwasahlobo. Ngokusho kwesimo sokuqala seHydrometeorological Center, ngoMashi ezifundeni eziningi zezwe kuzoba nokushisa okushisa (izinga lokushisa esifundeni saseCentral, Volga, North-West, kulindeleke ukuthi libe sezindaweni eziphakeme zedolobha laseSiberia nase-Ural).
IZIMPAWU ZOKUSUKA SEASON
Ukufingqa lo mhlangano, iPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wokuqala u-Dzhambulat Khatuov waveza izinkomba ezibalulekile imboni ezizolwela ukuzibona kulo nyaka uzayo. Ngakho-ke, uMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation ulindele ukuthi indawo etshaliwe eRussia inyuke ngamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-1,2 futhi ifike kumahektha ayizigidi ezingama-80,5.
Indawo yaseRussia yezolimo izimboni ibhekene nomsebenzi wokukhiqiza okungenani amathani ayizigidi eziyishumi ayisishiyagalombili okusanhlamvu, amathani angaphezu kuka-108 ezigidi kawoyela, amathani ashukela ayizigidi ezingama-18, amathani amazambane ayisigidi, ngaphezulu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyisithupha zemifino emkhakheni wezomphakathi.
Izinhloso eziphambili ziyakhonjwa, isikhathi sokufika emsebenzini.