UNikolay Yuzefov akadingi kungeniswa. "Inkosi yamazambane" - abaseDon agrarians bambiza. Lesi sihloko singumlimi - ngokungafani namakhosi - hhayi azuze njengefa, kepha uzuzwa ngokusebenza kanzima nangokugcwele izigaxa. Ngesonto eledlule, i-Agro-Traders Club yeNdlu Yokushicilela "iKrestyanin" ibibambe uSuku Lwezitshalo Zemifino epulazini laseNikolai Nikolaevich.
Umlingani ojwayelekile womcimbi kwakunguSyngenta; Umlingani onamasu ngu-Agrotehnik LLC.
U-KFH Yuzefova akahambelani ngokuphelele nomqondo "wezolimo" wezomnotho. Amahektha ayinkulungwane ayisikhombisa omhlaba, amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-54 zamazambane ngonyaka, inzuzo engama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-900 - futhi konke lokhu, vele, hhayi wedwa, kodwa kanye nabahlali abangamakhulu amabili esifundeni saseSemikarakorsky abasebenza emapulazini abampofu.
Imbewu: Thola Ochwepheshe
UNikolai Nikolaevich ulwela ukuba nakho konke “njengaseYurophu”. Inhlangano eyenzelwe umsebenzi, imishini ekhiqizayo, inhlanzeko nobuhle ngesisekelo.
Kwabavakashi ababesendaweni ephakathi kwakhiwa ihhotela elincane elinendawo yokudlela ephansi. AmaFulentshi, abeze lapha emhlanganweni, “ayemangele,” kuvuma uYuzefov.
Simangele nathi. Nge-Field Day, uNikolai Nikolayevich wathembisa ukugeza wabeka etafuleni zonke izinhlobo zamazambane akhula epulazini lakhe. Ngehora elibekiwe, ibhethri lezitsha lonke ligcwele phezu kwethebula elimhlophe - izinhlobo ezingama-20, ukusuka kuRed Scarlett neGala kuya kwi-Indigo engajwayelekile - isitshalo esiyimpande nesikhonkwane esimnyama.
- Simatasa njalo ekuvuseleleni okuhlukahlukene futhi njalo ngonyaka senze izivivinyo ukuze sizitholele thina futhi sikhombise abantu ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezinikeza isivuno esihle. Kepha angethembisi ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ezisifanela kahle zizokhula kuwe, eVoronezh noma eStavropol, ”kuxwayisa uYuzefov. - Imbewu kumele iboshwe esifundeni.
UNikolai Nikolaevich uchithe iminyaka eminingana kulokhu ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa izinhlobo zakhe ezisezingeni elifanele.
"Isifunda sethu sasilima imifino ekuqaleni," kusho uVladimir Talalaev, inhloko yesifunda saseSemikarakorsky. - Kepha-ke kube nenkinga embonini, indawo enamanzi enwebayo yehle ukusuka kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-36 kuye kwayi-12, saphulukana namabhizinisi akhiqiza imbewu. UNikolai Nikolaevich kwadingeka ukuthi aqoqe izinto zokutshala ezweni lonke.
Kulula ukusebenza manje. Isifunda saseRostov sisekela ngenkuthalo amazambane akhula. Ukwenza isibonelo, utshele iPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezolimo uDmitry Repka, ukuthi bayasekela ukuthengwa kwezimbewu ezikhethekile - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-64 ngehektha ngalinye elihlwanyelwe "abakhethiweyo". Kukhona ukwesekwa kwezindlela zokunisela nezidonsa, ekwakhiweni nasekwakhiweni kabusha kwezinhlelo zokunisela - ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-546 abekwe kwisabelomali ngalezi zinhloso. Abalimi babuyiselwa ingxenye yezindleko zezinsizakalo zokulethwa kwamanzi, ukwethulwa kwe-phosphogypsum.
Kepha izinkinga, kunjalo, zihlala zisekhona. Eyokuqala lapho ungathola khona imbewu enhle. UNikolai Nikolaevich uphume kulesi simo ngokuhlelela ukulawula okuphelele kwabakhiqizi bezinto zokutshala.
- Ngo-Agasti, izazi zezolimo zethu ezinhlanu zihambela ezifundeni nasezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaseRussia - ziye emapulazini esisebenza kuwo - ukubheka imbewu, ukuthi ikhula kanjani ngempela ensimini. Uma isimo sabo, i-virology ingafani, siyenqaba. Futhi uma sibona ukuthi imbewu ikhula kahle, okuqukethwe yigciwane kuncane, siphethe izinkontileka bese sikhokha kusenesikhathi.
Esivumelwaneni samapulazi abampofu, uYuzefova ukhombisa insimu ethile ayibonile ngamehlo akhe, lapho isivuno kufanele sithunyelwe epulazini. Kamuva, isazi sokufunda ngezinkanyezi siye epulazini lembewu ukuze lithunyelwe - futhi, ihlole konke. Futhi lapho imbewu ifika eSemikarakorsk, ipulazi lithumela amasampula avela kwi-batch ngayinye eRosselkhoznadzor ukuze ahlaziywe: ngoba "ungathenga" izitifiketi zokuhlukanisa abantu, kusho uYuzefov. Kube nezimo lapho, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamagciwane, amazambane wembewu ebuyiselwa kumkhiqizi.
- Yebo, zonke lezi zinyathelo zibiza kakhulu. Kepha bayakuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwethu, ”kuchaza uNikolai Nikolaevich.
Omunye wabathengisi abakhulu bembewu ye-Yuzefov yi-SPSK Ustyuzhensky Potato evela e-Vologda Oblast. Umqondisi wayo omkhulu, u-Alexander Kuznetsov, weluleke abatshali bamazambane ukuthi babukele izilimo zembewu kusuka ngo-Agasti 10 kuya ku-25.
- Okwamanje, kusekhona iqabunga eliphakeme enkundleni, futhi umlimi wembewu akakwazi ukugcoba noma yini. Ngemuva kuka-Agasti 25, iRosselkhoztsentr yenza isimangalo, ngemuva kwalokho saxoshwa, "kuchaza u-Alexander Kuznetsov.
Emikhakheni yamapulazi abampisholo, inhloko ye-Ustyuzhensky Potato ikhombise cishe izinhlobo eziyishumi ezinethembisayo. Kulaba, uhlobo lokuqala lwaseKrepysh lwaseRussia lwalukhunjulwa ngokukhethekile. Kuznetsov uthe eVologda unikeza amathani angama-75 ngehektha ngalinye, futhi zonke izilimo zezimpande amagremu angama-55.
- I-Forified inesimo esihle se-tuber: ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zokuqala, amehlo mancane. Yakha ikhasi futhi ivumelane nazo zonke izinhlekelele empilweni, ”kusho u-Kuznetsov.
Elinye ipulazi lezimbewu uYuzefov asebenza nalo yiMolyanov Agro Group LLC kusuka eSamara Region. Inhloko yayo, uVladimir Molyanov, ikhulume ngezinhlobo ezilwa nokushisa. Ululeke ukuthi unake i-Ultra-zakuqala Gulliver neJunior, ku-Red Sonia no-Arosa ababulala igciwane. Into eyintandokazi yabatshali bamazambane iRed Fantasy.
- Le nhlobonhlobo inezicucu ezinamandla nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, futhi enye yezimfihlo zayo ukuthi ngokushesha lapho izinhlobonhlobo zivala umugqa, okungcono kuzobekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu. I-Red Fantasy inamandla okumelana namagciwane, ilala kahle, ayinazinkinga nge-bacteriosis, kunconyelwe uVladimir Molyanov.
Izinhlobo zokuvuna namazambane asezingeni elihle ayisihluthulelo sokwenza inzuzo, ngokusho kwabakhiqizi bembewu.
"Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, amakhaya abekhala ngokuthi intengo yamazambane yehle ngaphansi kwama-ruble ayi-10," kusho uMolyanov. - Kepha ake sibheke eNtshonalanga: intengo yamazambane ayiphezulu kunamasenti ayi-10-12 - eYurophu, eMelika. Lokho wukuthi, ama-ruble angama-8-9 afanayo. Lokhu kufanele kuqondiswe. Ukuze uthandeke, udinga ukusebenza ngekhwalithi kanye nokuthelela.
Amanye amapulazi aseningizimu yeRussia ngokwawo azalanisa abantu abaphakeme futhi bazinikeze imbewu yokuzala kabusha. UYuzefov naye waba nokuhlolwa okunjalo, kepha wakwenqaba.
- Zingatshalwa kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene uma kungene olunye uhlobo eduzane? Imbewu kumele ikhule, njengekaSasha: insimu nehlathi elizungeze umhlaba ongacoliswanga, ”kuchaza inhloko yepulazi labampofu.
- Imbewu ekhula idinga ilabhorethri, udinga ukukwenza lokhu ngokwehlukana ... Kepha kungani? Umsebenzi wami ukondla amazambane aseRussia, futhi ake imbewu ikhule ngochwepheshe, njengaseYurophu.
Ukuphathwa kwezitshalo: thembela ku-Syngenta
"Ukuthola amazambane amahle, into esemqoka ukuthi inkosi inemali," kuncokola, eqala inkulumo yakhe mayelana nokondla nokuvikela, isazi sezolimo nesivuno esikhulu sepulazi iYuzefova Sergey Voronov. - Konke kuqala ngomanyolo. Siphonsa ama-diammofosk angama-700 kg ukulima. Silima ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-32-35. Sika ama-combs ngaphambi kokungena ebusika, ukuze sitshale emaphethelweni entwasahlobo. Ukuhlwanyela kuqala entwasahlobo. Kulo nyaka siqale ngoMashi 12 - ngokushesha okukhulu ukungena enkundleni.
Mayelana nodaba lokuvikelwa kwezitshalo, umnotho weYuzefov awuzenzanga ngobuhlakani: bathembela ohlelweni lokuvikela oluhlongozwe yiSyngenta.
Isibonelo, lapho betshala, uchwepheshe wezolimo wezolimo wachaza, banquma ukwenza ngokomgomo wokuthi "ungagcini amaqanda kubhasikidi owodwa." Ngakho-ke, uhhafu wezilimo eziyizigaxa waphathwa ngokulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kweCelest Top, inxenye yatshalwa enhlabathini efafazwe ngesikhunta i-Uniform kanye ne-Volyam Flexi insecticide.
Ezimisweni zasepulazini, i-Yuzefova isebenza ngama-fungicides "Ridomil", "Shirlan", "Revus"; zokwelapha zenziwa njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-6-7.
Isazi se-agronomist sepulazi uSergey Voronov (ekhomba omele i- "Syngenta" Dmitry Gorobets): "Ngenxa yohlelo lwabo lokuvikela ezifweni nasezinambuzane, asazi izinkinga!"
Bakwazile ukunqoba izinambuzane ngenxa ye “Volyam Flexi”. Ngemuva kokuthi ipulazi libhekane nokuhlasela kwe-scoop, izazi zezolimo zezulu zaphendukela kochwepheshe baseSyngenta. Labo basize ekwakheni uhlelo lokwelashwa, ukuguqulela ezinye izidakamizwa - ipulazi laqeda zonke izinambuzane "ezingathululwanga".
- Iqembu leSyngenta, eleluleka ipulazi lethu, linabesifazane ababili abahle - uSvetlana Spiglazova no-Olga Voblova. Ochwepheshe abahle kakhulu abangabizwa ubusuku nemini, ”kusho uSergey Voronov. - Ngonyaka odlule saba nokuhlaselwa kwe-anyanisi e-thrips. Balwa njengamakhithi ayizimpumputhe, aze afika, awazange ashukumise okuthile. Kulonyaka asazi usizi ngemisipha nhlobo!
“Kuyiqiniso,” kuqinisekisa uYuzefov. - Abacebisi be- "Syngenta" baxazulula ngokushesha noma iyiphi inkinga - futhi uyazi ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha amahora ukubala ekushiseni. Kokubili ngoMgqibelo nangeSonto kungafika. Akusihawu ukukhokha lapho ubona umphumela. Le ndlela yaseYurophu!
Ukondla: nikeza ukudla okuhlukahlukene
Umanyolo wamazambane epulazini i-Yuzefova anikeza okuhlukahlukene: kwendawo yonke, ne-potash, nokuxutshwa kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo. Ekusekelweni kwezimbiwa, uNikolai Nikolaevich waphawula, njengasekukhiqizeni imbewu, okuningi kuya ngomkhiqizi. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bomanyolo uYuzefov naye wahlela ukuhlolwa emasimini akhe. Kusala kuphela abaqinisekisile umphumela othenjisiwe.
Ekukhuleni kwamazambane, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngamanyolo angenamakhrosythi, weluleke ababukeli umeluleki wesayensi wenkampani iHarvest XXI u-Andrei Varich. Isivuno i-XXI sikhiqiza umanyolo wama-macro- kanye nama-micronutrient ngendlela yokugaya, yokugaya kalula. Babizwa nge-ZhUSS (ukwakheka komanyolo okugcobisayo). I-JUSSY isetshenziswa okusanhlamvu nasezinsumeni, ekulimeni izilimo nasekukhuleni imifino, futhi ayigcini nje ngokwondla isitshalo, kodwa futhi ivusa nemisebenzi yayo yokuvikela. Isibonelo, i-Ajrium Agro JUSS equkethe isiliva ivimbela i-bacteriosis futhi yelula impilo eshalofini lesitshalo.
- I-Belarusian State Agricultural Academy yenze ucwaningo ngamazambane. Ukwanda kwesivuno ngemuva kokuthi iZhUMS "Gumiks" (humic acid) ifike ku-16 kg / ha, ngemuva kweZhUSS "Complex" - 35 kg / ha. Ngokusho kokuthengwa kwesitashi, ukukhula kwezilimo ezihlwanyelwe yiGumix ZhUSS - 3,6 c / ha ngokuya ngesitashi, iZhUSS "Complex" - 11,2 c / ha ngokuya ngesitashi, "kusho u-Varich.
Iphini litshele ukuthi ama-amino acid abaluleke kangakanani kwimifino endlini yaseYuzefov. Umqondisi Jikelele we-Agrotechcenter Kolkhoz LLC Vladimir Biryukov. I-ATC "Kolkhoz" ibheka ukwesekwa okuhlanganisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwamapulazi futhi isebenzise kabanzi imikhiqizo yaseSpain Kimitec yemifino yemifino: i-mycorrhiza inoculum "Mikogel", isithsisi sempande "Razer", "" Bombardir "eyinkimbinkimbi. Kunezidakamizwa ezimbili zokulungiswa kokudla okungenamsoco - iMagnozinc Plus (umthombo we-magnesium ne-zinc, ithuthukisa i-photosynthesis futhi ivimbela i-chlorosis yamaqabunga) neKaos HT (umthombo we-calcium).
"Yonke imikhiqizo ngaphandle kweRazer yimikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo," kusho uVladimir Biryukov.
Ngubani owathola ngempela i-aerobatics ekukhuleni imifino organic yinkampani ye-Agro-Sistema, ebandakanyeka ekwelapheni nasekusekeleni i-agribusiness.
- Ukulima kwamanje okunamandla kuholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu zemvelo ezihambisana nokucekelwa phansi kwenhlabathi kanye nokwehla kokuvunda kwenhlabathi. Isimo ekukhuleni kwemifino kuvele sibucayi kakhulu, ngoba le mboni yiyona enamandla kakhulu, - kusho u-Igor Kutishchev, umqondisi jikelele we-Agro-Sistema. - Izindlela nezindlela eziningi zobuchwepheshe zingathinta kabi ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yemifino, ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezinobuthi kuyo. Ukugwema lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi usuke ekuqiniseni ngokweqile uye kwi-biologization esekelwe ngokwesayensi, izindlela zokulima okuphilayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo kwavela njengemboni ezimele ngawo-1970. EYurophu, ukukhula kwayo kusebenza kakhulu kunaseRussia: lapho, ngokusho kwabahlaziyi, ngo-2020, u-30% womhlaba wezolimo uzoba ngamapulazi emvelo. ERussia, ukunyakaza okuya "organic" kunzima kakhulu, kepha kusekhona izibonelo eziphumelelayo.
Esigodini saseLabinsky seKrasnodar Territory, u-Igor Kutishchev walima indawo enkulu engamahektha angama-4 womhlaba ngokohlelo lokulima ngokwemvelo iminyaka emithathu. Akukho okusetshenzisiwe kusuka kumakhemikhali. Kwalwelwa izifo nezinambuzane ngosizo lokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo nokulima ngobumnene, "kwavundiswa" umhlaba ngezitshalo zomquba eziluhlaza, ukhula lwabhujiswa ngamakhemikhali, iziqubu, neziqhumane. Isimo semvelo sepulazi saqinisekiswa yinkampani yaseJalimane iCeres.
Izindlela zokulima ezi-organic azizange zithinte umkhiqizo webhizinisi. Ukwenza isibonelo, u-anyanisi kuvunwa lapha kumathani angama-30 ngehektha ngalinye.
- Intengo yokuthengisa yemifino ye-organic ingaphezulu kuka-20-30% kunokujwayelekile. Kepha ngicabanga ukuthi, uma sekuphasisiwe umthetho wokuvikela amalungelo abathengi bemikhiqizo ye-organic, umehluko uzokhuphuka ufike kuma-50%, ”kusho u-Igor Kutishchev ngamathemba wokulima.
Kodwa-ke, akukhathalekile ukuthi ngabe ipulazi likhetha ini - ithimba lamaminerali noma lendabuko - ukuguqukela ekulimeni ngokunembile ngeke kwenzeke, kusho u-Alexei Tenekov, umqondisi we-Agro-Soft LLC, osebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe eRussia.
UTenekov unesiqiniseko sokuthi noma yikuphi ukukhiqizwa kwezilimo kuqala ngokuqoqwa kwemininingwane emayelana nomhlaba. Amathuluzi amakhulu we-Agro-Soft yizithombe zesathelayithi nohlolo lomhlaba we-agrochemical. Imininingwane etholakele ilandelwa ohlelweni olukhethekile, ihlaziywe futhi ikhonjiswe ngendlela yemidwebo yensimu ye-elekhthronikhi. Ngosizo lwabo, ungahlanganisa amamephu wohlelo lokufaka Umanyolo oluhlukile, ubheke isimo sezitshalo, ukhombe izindawo ezibuthaka nezinamandla enkundleni, uhlole futhi uqhathanise izinhlobo phakathi kwazo. Amakhadi okusabalalisa umanyolo we-Zonal, ngokwesibonelo, angalayishwa kwi-Spider yomanyolo ohlakaniphile - futhi uqiniseke ukuthi insimu izonikeza imiphumela ephezulu.
- Izindleko ze-cosmomonitoring zingama-30 ... ama-ruble angama-50 ehektheleni ngalinye ngonyaka. Ukudweba imephu yokufaka umanyolo, isibonelo, i-nitrogen - ama-ruble ayi-15 ehektheleni ngalinye. Ucwaningo lwe-agrochemical, olwenziwa njalo eminyakeni emine, lubiza ama-ruble angu-150-180 ehektheleni, ”kusho u-Alexey Tenekov, umqondisi we-Agro-Soft LLC. - Ngokuvamile, sithi lokhu: "Gcina inkambu eyodwa - futhi uzobuyisa izindleko zobuchwepheshe."
Ukuhlanza nokuthumela: lincike ku-Grimme
Uhambo lokutshalwa kwamazambane kaNikolai Yuzefov ezansi, lapho amazambane avuniwe alayishwa ezimotweni bese athunyelwa kumakhasimende, seluphelile.
Yini okusensimini ngesikhathi sokuvuna, yini isisekelo lapha, inqubo yeGrimme iyasebenza.
"Eminyakeni eyishumi nambili edlule, bekukhona ukukhetha phakathi kobuchwepheshe bamaDashi nabaseJalimane," kusho uYuzefov. - Mina nonjiniyela sahamba lonke iRussia sabuka. Umenzi wamaDashi wayenamaphutha, ngakho-ke bakhetha uGrimme. Futhi ungazisoli. Kulula ukuyigcina, konke kuyasebenza, konke kuhamba kahle. Azikho izikhalazo.
Izinzuzo zeGrimme - ngaphezu kokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhle - ukuthi uhlobo lomkhiqizo lunesikhungo esikhulu sesevisi nokukhiqiza esifundeni seKaluga nendawo enkulu yokugcina izinto esetshenzisiwe.
Imishini yasepulazini yaseYuzefov ihanjiswa ngu-LLC Agrotehnik, umlingani wokuqala weGrimme eRussia. Nakulo nyaka, i-Agrotehnik izonikeza imishini emibili yokutshala amazambane eGrimme epulazini. UNikolai Nikolaevich uyavuma ukuthi uzophinda athathe izintambo ezimbalwa zokuhlunga.
- Sinezintambo ezine zokuphelela zokulinganisa ze-Grimme ezine: izikhondli, ukuhlunga amatafula, abaphathi be-telescopic. Amarekhodi okuhanjiswa amathani angama-850 amazambane ngosuku, kusho uNikolai Nikolaevich. "Kepha manje sekuqala ukuvuna u-anyanisi, kanti kuzodingeka kuphazamiswe umugqa owodwa." Imigqa emibili elungiselelwe umnsalo ngeke ilimaze.
Umgcinimafa wombuso wamazambane
Ngonyaka odlule, imali evela epulazini labampofu i-Yuzefova ifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-900. Inzuzo - izigidi eziyi-110.
- Lokhu akwanele. Kwenzeka ukuthi bobabili abayizigidi ezingama-200 no-250 bathola, - kusho uYuzefov. "Kepha sehlise imali ngamabomu ukuze sakhe enye indawo yokugcina amathani ayi-7, sizoyibeka phansi le mali." Sivuselele imishini yokusebenza, sandise indawo yokunisela, kepha manje kudingeka sime futhi sehlise iphothifoliyo yethu yemalimboleko.
Inzalo yemalimboleko (ngaphandle kwabo, uNikolai Nikolaevich ekhononda, akukho ntuthuko engakhona) udla ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-55.
Isihloko esibaluleke kunazo zonke ezindlekweni zamazambane no-anyanisi isayensi yamakhemikhali. Ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-120 asetshenziswa kukho ngonyaka. Udla udizili omningi.
U-Yuzefov uyachaza: "Uma unama-fafaza angama-30 abasebenza emasimini, umnikelo wakhe ubalulekile. - Abanye abatshali bamazambane baqamba amanga ukuthi izindleko zekhilogramu lamazambane zingama-ruble amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha. Akunakuba njalo. Izindleko zamazambane asezingeni lama-ruble ayi-7,7-7,8.
Ubhatata uthengiswa nguNikolai Yuzefov ngobuningi, ingxenye yezilimo eziyimpande ikhiqelwe ifektri yama-chips e-Azov. Umlimi akaxhumani namanethiwekhi kahulumeni - uyazi izindaba lapho izitolo ezinkulu zingazange zibuyise imali kubakhiqizi bezilimo, kubhekiselwa ekutheni amazambane abengalungile futhi ebolile.
"EFinland, amazambane awakavunwa esigangeni, kodwa asethengiwe - umlimi angayisebenzisa ngokuphepha le mali," kusho uYuzefov. - Angiqedi izinkontileka ngamanethiwekhi futhi angikucebisi. Ngisebenza ngesisekelo esikhokhelwa kuqala. Anginiki umuntu imali mboleko.
Source: https://agrobook.ru/