Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinciphisa isivuno sezitshalo ukuntuleka komswakama. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, isomiso kanye nokufakwa kukasawoti enhlabathini kuzokwanda. Mayelana nalokhu, ososayensi bafuna izindlela zokwandisa ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezitshalo.
Izazi zebhayoloji zaseTomsk State University, kanye nozakwabo be-Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences kanye ne-Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, benza lokhu kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlela i-genomic, kubika Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeTomsk State University.
Bashintsha i-agrobacteria futhi ngosizo lwabo banikeze izitshalo ngezakhiwo ezintsha.
- Ezolimo zesimanje zibhekene nokwehla kwesivuno ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezimbi zemvelo. Ukushoda kwamanzi, okuholela esomiso kanye nokufakwa kukasawoti enhlabathini, sekuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke, - kusho uMarina Efimova, umcwaningi eMnyangweni we-Plant Physiology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics we-TSU Biological Institute. - Ngaphambili, ukumelana kwezitshalo kwanda ngezindlela zokukhetha, kodwa lokhu kuyinqubo yesikhathi eside, okuthi, njengobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo zakudala, ingaphansi kokusebenza kahle ekuhleleni i-genome.
Ukuthuthukiswa kobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo nezindlela zokuhlela ze-genomic kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuguqula izakhi zofuzo zezitshalo ezinesibopho sokumelana kwazo nezinto ezicindezelayo. Iphrojekthi yezazi zebhayoloji, eqaliswe ngokusekelwa kohlelo luka-Priority 2030, ihloselwe ukuthola izakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile ezinquma ukubekezelela kwezitshalo isomiso, usawoti kanye namazinga okushisa alimazayo. Izazi zebhayoloji zisebenzisa isistimu yokuhlela ye-CRISPR/Cas9 njengethuluzi lokuvala izakhi zofuzo.
Uchungechunge lwezivivinyo lwenziwa ososayensi esitshalweni i-Arabidopsis thaliana - lena into eyimodeli yakudala yocwaningo, ebizwa ngokuthi "isitshalo seDrosophila".
Amagciwane ngokwawo awashintshi izici ezibalulekile kwezomnotho zesitshalo, kodwa engena ezitshalweni ngeshubhu lempova, adlulisa ukulandelana kwe-DNA okwethula ukuguqulwa kofuzo lwesitshalo olukhethwe umcwaningi. Imbewu evuthwa ngemva "kokucwiliswa" isivele ihlukile kunesitshalo esingumzali. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukulawula izakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ekuboniseni izimpendulo zezitshalo kumathonya ahlukahlukene okucindezeleka noma ukushintsha noma yiziphi ezinye izakhiwo. Abacwaningi bahlela ukwenza izivivinyo ezitshalweni ze-rapeseed ne-flax.
Ake sengeze ukuthi lolu cwaningo luhamba phambili - okwamanje kunemibiko embalwa kuphela mayelana nokuhlelwa kwe-genome elayisi, ukolweni notamatisi.