Amazambane angenye yezilimo ezisengozini kakhulu yazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo. Ukungena kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, isikhunta, kanye namagciwane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziqongelela kumashubhu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kubangele ukuwohloka kwamazambane.
Ochwepheshe baseRosselkhoznadzor Directorate for Komi batusa ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zamazambane enziwe kufakwe kwiRegional State of Selection Achievements Approved for Use in Russia and Zoned for the Climate Zone for Planting.
Ngokusho kwe-GOST 33996-2016 "Imbewu yamazambane. Izimo zobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokunquma ikhwalithi ", ama-tubers amazambane amazambane kumele abe nempilo, ephelele, enesikhumba esiqinile, ukwakheka nombala ojwayelekile wezinhlobo ezihambelana zezitshalo, omile, angahlumi (kuthengiso lwentwasahlobo, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinamahlumela angaphezu kuka-5 mm ubude) .
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zembewu amazambane zihlukaniswe izigaba: superelite, elite, nezilimo eziyizigaxa zokuzala kokuqala, kwesibili nokwesithathu.
I-Superelite "ihlanzekile" kakhulu, ayinakho konke ukutheleleka, amazambane akhule ezimweni zelebhu kusuka meristem. Le yinto ebiza kakhulu yokutshala, evame ukuthengwa izithombo zezingane ukukhiqizwa okwalandela kwamazambane wezimbewu zamazambane namazambane wokuzala kabusha.
Ama-Elite imbewu amazambane yizinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokutshala ezingangenwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane. Izitshalo ezinempilo zizokhula kuzo, zivame ukuphendula kahle nokunikeza isivuno esikhulu sezilimo eziyizigaxa ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Amazambane okuqala okukhiqiza amazambane embewu atholakala ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-elite. Izinto zokutshala ezinjalo zinikeza nokuvuna okuhle, kepha kuqala ukuqoqa izifo ngokushesha kunamazambane ekilasi "elite".
Isilimo esihle sikhula kusuka kumazambane okuzala okwesibili nokwesithathu, kepha ngemuva konyaka noma emibili kungena esigabeni “samazambane wokudla”, lapho ukukhiqiza kuncipha, izici ezihlukile kanye nokumelana nezifo kulahleka.
Omunye wemithetho eyinhloko - ungathengi ezimakethe ezizenzakalelayo noma kubathengisi abangaqinisekanga. Umthengisi kufanele abe nesitifiketi sokuvumelana (isitifiketi sembewu) semikhiqizo ekhombisa igama lezinhlobonhlobo, isigaba sezinto zokutshala (i-super elite, elite), inombolo ye-batch, unyaka wezitshalo, isisindo se-batch, igama nekheli lomphakeli. Izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane akhethiwe kufanele zilungele ukukhula esifundeni sakho (izinhlobo ezitshalwe ezindaweni eziseningizimu azilungele ukukhula endaweni yomgwaqo ophakathi nasesifundeni esenyakatho, okuphambene nalokho).
Ama-tubers kufanele omile, futhi abushelelezi, acishe afane ngesimo nangobunzima, ngo-ikhasi wokuqina (ikhasi eligoqiwe libonisa ukugcinwa okungafanele, okungathinta isivuno esibi).
Amazambane wembewu esezingeni eliphakeme kufanele abe ngaphandle kwamahlumela (ngesikhathi sokuhamba, amanye awo empeleni azophuka, okuzoholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwesivuno) nezilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zingabi nokuqhekeka, amabala, ukusikeka noma iminonjana yokubola (yamazambane asezingeni eliphakeme lembewu lokhu akwamukeleki, ngoba nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinjalo azithathwa njengezinto zokutshala ezinempilo).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwezinhlobo zokhula ngokubaluleka kokubekelwa eceleni kweRussian Federation, kanye nezinambuzane nezifo, okubandakanya umdlavuza wamazambane, ukubola kwamagciwane ansundu, umlenze omnyama, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-mosaics, ukulimala sekwedlule isikhathi, umnyama omnyama, kanye ne-potut smut, akuvunyelwe kumazambane embewu. igolide amazambane nematode nabanye.
Kusetshenziswa izithombo zezithombo zamazambane zemvelaphi engaziwa yokutshala, kunamathuba amaningi okuthi isifo singena endaweni yaso. Lokhu kungaholela esivunweni esingesihle, kanye nokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi.
Masikhumbuze ukuthi izakhamizi ezihlwempu zeriphabhulikhi zizokwazi ukuthola imali yokuthenga imbewu yamazambane nemifino. Abantu abatshala amazambane ezindaweni zabo bazokwazi ukusebenzisa le ndlela entsha yokwesekwa.
Engxenyeni yokuxoxisana nomphakathi ngemithethonqubo esalungiswa, uMnyango Wezabasebenzi, Ukuqashwa Nokuvikelwa Komphakathi uthumele umthetho kahulumeni osalungiswa, owethula isilinganiso esithile sokwesekwa kwezenhlalo futhi unqume inqubo nemibandela yokukhokhwa kwemali.
Ngokusemthethweni, kuzokhokhwa imali ekhokhwayo eyisamba enkulu "ngokuqhuba ingadi". Usayizi waso uzoba ngama-ruble angama-500. Imindeni nabantu abanesizungu ababonwa njengabampofu ngoMeyi 1, 2020 bangathembela ukuthola imali. Kucacisiwe ukuthi emndenini ompofu ama-ruble angama-500 azokhokhwa kwilungu ngalinye.
Izikhungo zezindawo zokuhlinzekelwa kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi emkhakheni wokuvikela umphakathi zizokhipha bese zidlulisela ukukhokha. Kuzodingeka ukufaka isicelo sokukhokha kungakadluli uJuni 30, 2020.
Ngenhloso yokukhokha, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthumele esikhungweni isitatimende esibonisa ukutholakala kwesiza somhlaba esiphethwe ngumndeni ompofu noma umuntu ophila yedwa, ekusebenziseni unomphela, ekutholeni izinto ezibonakalayo, ekuzuzeni ifa noma ukuqashiswa. Uzodinga ukuthi unikeze okwangempela kwalombhalo. Isitifiketi sokuqashelwa komndeni noma umuntu onesizungu asinikeziwe. Izikhungo zizobheka lesi simo ngokwazo.
Isinqumo sokuqokwa kanye nokukhokha noma ukwenqaba kwenziwa senziwa ezinsukwini ezinhlanu zebhizinisi kusuka ngosuku lokubhaliswa kwesicelo. Imali izodluliswa kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 zekhalenda kusukela ngosuku okwenziwe ngalo isinqumo ngokukhokha.