Amazambane akusona isitshalo sendabuko sase-Uzbekistan, nakuba ethatha indawo ebalulekile ekudleni kwabahlali bakhona. Inani labantu baleli zwe liyakhula, futhi isidingo salo mkhiqizo siyanda. Futhi umsebenzi wokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane uya ngokuya uphuthuma.
Sebenzela ukukhushulwa
Isivuno esikhulu samazambane e-Uzbekistan ngo-1990 sasingamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Ngo-2022, isivuno sesivele sidlule amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3,4, kodwa lo mqulu awuzange uhlangabezane nezidingo zeriphabhulikhi. Namuhla, kudingeka okungenani amathani ayizigidi ezi-3,9 ezigaxa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zawo.
Imikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-80% esetshenziswa abantu ingatshalwa ngokuzimela. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka odlule, kwatholwa amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1 amazambane ezinkampanini zezolimo, kanti amanye amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2,4 avela emapulazini e-dekhkan (abalimi) nasezindaweni ezizimele. Amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-532 alahlekile angeniswe ePakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia nakwamanye amazwe.
Iziphathimandla ze-republic kulesi sigaba zigxile ekuxazululeni izinkinga zemboni engaphansi. Okokuqala isidingo sokwandisa umkhiqizo wezitshalo. Amazambane ezweni atshalwe endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-253, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso kuphela amathani ayi-16,3 emikhiqizo avunwa ehektheleni ngalinye.
Ukutshalwa kwamazambane kuhlotshaniswa nobunzima obukhulu abalimi bendawo abaphoqeleka ukuba banqobe. Izinto ezihlosiwe zihlanganisa isimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo kanye nokushoda kwemithombo yamanzi.
“Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, amazambane ahlaselwa izifo nezinambuzane eziningi, ezinciphisa isivuno futhi zibulale ngisho nokufa,” kuphawula uDkt. Agricultural Sciences. ISayensi, uSolwazi woMnyango Wokukhulisa Izitshalo kanye Nokukhiqiza Ukudla, eSamarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry U-Ibrahim Ergashev. - Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zisakazeke kakhulu e-republic.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimo sezulu sinikeze abalimi base-Uzbek ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokutshala izitshalo emasimini abo cishe unyaka wonke.
“Eningizimu, ukutshalwa kwezilimo kuqala ngo-January,” kuchaza umqondisi omkhulu wenkampani i-Agrover. Farkhod Takhirov, - futhi iqhubeka kwezinye izifunda kuze kube ngu-August. Siqala ukuvuna amazambane asekuqaleni ngoMeyi, futhi simbe amazambane aphuzile ngoDisemba. Ngenxa yesizini ende, sinezinzuzo ezinkulu zokuncintisana kanye namathuba amahle okuthumela impahla.
Okwethu kuseqhulwini
Indaba yokwanda kwesivuno sezitshalo iyaxazululwa ezingeni likahulumeni, ezindaweni zezikhungo zesayensi kanye nezinkambu zokuhlola.
"Umsebenzi wokukhetha amazambane kanye nokukhiqizwa kwembewu ususungulwe ezifundeni ezihlukene zeriphabhulikhi, ngokwesibonelo, ezifundeni zaseJizzakh naseTashkent," kusho unobhala wezesayensi weResearch Institute (Research Institute) yemifino, amakhabe kanye namazambane. UFakhriddin Rasulov. - Elabhorethri yethu ye-biotechnology, izinhlobo zamazambane afuywayo zisakazwa, kufaka phakathi i-Pskom, i-Serkhosil, i-Sarnav, i-Umid-2, i-Akrob nezinye.
Ama-Mini-tubers akhiwa endaweni yokushisa yesimanje yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu bese enikezwa amapulazi embewu asezingeni eliphezulu. Sekukonke, ekupheleni kuka-2023, isikhungo sihlela ukukhulisa ama-mini-tubers ayizigidi ezingu-2,5.
Ochwepheshe bayaqiniseka ukuthi imbewu etshalwe eRiphabhulikhi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ifaneleka kangcono emhlabathini wendawo kanye nezimo zezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibiza kancane ngokuphindwe kathathu, zikhiqiza isivuno esingamathani angama-35-40 ngehektha ngalinye iminyaka engu-3-4, futhi azinawo amagciwane ayingozi.
"Lokhu kudinga indlela ekhethekile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza imbewu, oluthuthukisiwe ngokucabangela izici zemvelo kanye ne-agrobiological," kusho U-Ibrahim Ergashev. – Umsebenzi wabafuyi awugcini nje ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo ezincintisanayo nezikhiqiza kakhulu. Ososayensi kumele banikeze abalimi amazambane amelana nezifo ezikhona.
Ekuqaleni konyaka, irejista yempumelelo yokuzalanisa ye-republic yaphinde yagcwaliswa. Uhlobo olusha lwamazambane akudala lwaqanjwa ngokuthi “Tashkent ertagisi” (Inganekwane yaseTashkent).
"Ivuthwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 ngaphambili kunama-analogues ayo," kusho omunye wababhali bezinhlobonhlobo, umqondisi we-Research Institute of Vegetables, Amakhabe namazambane. Rustam Nizamov, - ukufuna inhlabathi evundile kakhulu, imelana nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku ezingama-65-70. Isivuno esilindelekile sisuka ku-26,8-27,5 amathani ehektheleni, noma amathani angu-5-6 ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zakuqala zasendaweni.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Bogizogon, ezatholwa ngonyaka odlule ososayensi abavela esiteshini sokuhlola isayensi eSamarkand, zinezici ezifanayo. Manje ihlolwa emasimini.
Ukusuka eFeruza kuya e-Adretta
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu, abalimi base-Uzbekistan bagxile ezinhlobonhlobo ezikubekezelela kahle ukushisa futhi ezingangenwa isithwathwa. IRejista Yesifunda Yezilimo Zezolimo ihlanganisa izinhlobo zamazambane eziyi-150, ezingama-20 zazo ezakhiwe ososayensi bendawo.
Izinhlobo zasekhaya ezifana ne-Akrab, Bakhro-30, Tuyimli, Feruza ziyathandwa. Futhi phakathi kwabangaphandle, ethandwa kakhulu yi-Arizona, Adretta, Red Oak, Kenibek.
“Ipulazi lethu lincike ekukhetheni amaDashi namaJalimane,” kusho Farkhod Takhirov, – futhi sitshala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 zamazambane. Njalo ngonyaka senza izivivinyo zokukhiqiza kanye nezinhlobonhlobo, sibhalisa izinhlobo ezintsha ezingaba ngu-3-4.
IRiphabhulikhi idinga amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-650 wembewu yamazambane ngonyaka. Ngo-2022, kwangeniswa kuphela amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-22 ezweni, amanye atshalwa emapulazini embewu nasezindaweni zasendlini.
“Silwela ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwembewu okuyisisekelo,” kuchaza Farkhod Takhirov, - sakha i-laboratory futhi sesivele siqalile ukuhlanganyela ekusakazweni kwe-microclonal yezilimo eziyizigaxa. Kodwa abalimi bamazambane abakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga ngembewu kuyo yonke i-republic bebodwa. E-Uzbekistan, ngenxa yokushisa, zimbalwa izindawo ezifanele ukuzikhulisa, futhi ezindaweni eziphakeme azikho ingqalasizinda. Kuyimbewu yekhwalithi ephansi edala isivuno esibi kanye nokumaketheka okuphansi kwemikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abancane.
Dear inqubekelaphambili
Imishini yesimanje yezolimo ikuvumela ukuthi ukwandise izindleko, ukwandise isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yamazambane. Kodwa izindleko zayo eziphakeme zenza indlela yenqubekelaphambili ifinyelele emakhulwini abalimi.
"Inkampani ye-Agrover ilwela ukwethula imishini namayunithi avela kubakhiqizi abahamba phambili emhlabeni ohlelweni lokukhiqiza," kusho. Farod Takhirov. “Kodwa amapulazi amaningi e-republic asasebenzisa imishini yakudala. Futhi isabelo somsebenzi wezandla sisaphezulu. Uma ezinye izindlela zisasetshenziswa ukutshala ukuhlukaniswa kwemigqa, ukutshala nokuvuna izitshalo kuvame ukwenziwa ngesandla.
Ukunisela kuyisimo esiyisibopho sokutshala amazambane e-Uzbekistan. Futhi indlela evame kakhulu yokunisela isalokhu iyindabuko - umsele wokunisela. Ngosizo lwayo, kunzima ukunikeza isitshalo inani elifanele lomswakama, futhi isivuno sezilimo eziyizigaxa azikhuphuki ngaphezu kwamathani angama-20-25 ehektheleni.
“Yingakho sishintshela ezindleleni zokunisela zesimanje nezisebenzayo,” kusho Farkhod Takhirov. – Ngenxa yokufafaza, ipulazi lethu liyakwazi ukuthola isilinganiso samathani angama-30-40 omkhiqizo ehektheleni ngalinye. Futhi ngesikhathi esiphezulu - amathani angama-50-60. Amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezi-2,5 asevele aguqulwa abe ukuchelela ngemvula.
Ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yamathuba
Ubunzima bokuthengisa imikhiqizo abuzange busindise abalimi bamazambane base-Uzbek. Kufanele bathengise isivuno sasehlobo ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze ezimweni ezishisayo izilimo eziyizigaxa, ezingakakhi kahle izikhumba zazo, zingalahlekelwa ukubukeka kwazo okudayiswayo. Akuwona wonke umuntu ongagcina izitshalo zakhe, futhi ekuphakameni kwesivuno, amanani emakethe ehla.
“Siluthathele phezulu udaba lokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezolimo,” kuchaza Farod Takhirov. - Umthamo wenkampani yokugcina impahla uvumela ukugcinwa ngasikhathi sinye kwamathani amazambane angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-48. Ukuqaliswa kwayo kuyo yonke indawo yeriphabhulikhi nangale kwemingcele yayo cishe akumi unyaka wonke.
Abakhiqizi abancane baxazulula izinkinga ngokuthengisa ngosizo lwabaxhumanisi. Amapulazi amakhulu akwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi, ukuhlunga kanye nokupakishwa kwamazambane asebenza ngokuqondile ngamaketanga okuthengisa. Futhi ngabaholi bemboni engaphansi kuphela abanethuba lokuzibandakanya ekucutshungulweni kwe-tuber.
“Ngesikhathi indawo engaphansi kwesilimo ifinyelela kumahektha angama-200,” kusho Farkhod Takhirov, - sifinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi inkampani idinga ukuthuthukisa indawo yokucubungula. Imboni yethu, ekwazi ukucubungula amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 wezinto ezingavuthiwe minyaka yonke, ifakwe imishini engcono kakhulu. Namuhla ikhiqiza ama-flakes amazambane kanye namafrimu aseFrance afriziwe.
Isifiso sabalimi sokutshala amazambane ukuze acutshungulwe sinqunyelwe elinye iqiniso. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezifuywayo azihlangabezani nezidingo zamaketanga amakhulu okudla aphesheya. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amanani amakhulu amazambane aphelile, ama-chips, isitashi, amazambane agayiwe kanye nokusanhlamvu angeniswa e-republic evela phesheya.
Izinsiza zokuhlanganisa
Okuhlukile kwesifunda sase-Asia Ephakathi ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yabakhiqizi bamazambane imelelwa amapulazi amancane, ampofu. Abalimi base-Uzbek nabo abanayo imali yokusebenza, ulwazi olukhethekile nolwazi, imishini nemishini, amanzi okunisela, nemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo.
Ukubambisana nabadlali bemakethe abaqinile kungasiza abalimi ukuhlela ukukhiqiza okuzinzile futhi bathole inzuzo ehloniphekile.
“Sinolwazi lokusebenza nabalimi abancane, esibahlinzeka ngembewu,” kusho Farod Takhirov. “Bayayithakasela inkampani yakwa-Agrover njengabahlinzeki bamazambane athengiswayo kanye nezinto ezingasetshenzisiwe zemboni yokulungisa. Ikakhulukazi uma zimele izifunda ezinenzuzo ephezulu yamasiko. Sesikulungele ukunikeza abalimi ukusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe kanye nokubonisana nochwepheshe.
Usizo oluvela kuhulumeni, isibonelo, ukubolekwa okukhethekile, kungaxazulula izinkinga zebhizinisi lezolimo. Kodwa ukuze usebenzise lesi sinyathelo sokwesekwa, udinga ukunikeza ibhange isibambiso, okuyinto umlimi ovamile angeke akwazi ukuyenza.
Uxhaso olukhulu luhlinzekwa abalimi abethula izindlela zokunisela zesimanje (isibonelo, ukuchelela ngamaconsi). Kodwa umbuso uthatha ingxenye kuphela yezindleko ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Njengengxenye yokuqaliswa kweSu Lokuthuthukiswa KwezoLimo lase-Uzbekistan lika-2020-2030, izinyathelo ezingakaze zibonwe zisetshenziswa ezweni. Futhi kuhloswe ngayo ukugqugquzela abatshali bamazambane ukuthi bakhiqize imikhiqizo esezingeni. Esikhathini esisuka ku-2024 kuya ku-2025, uMnyango Wezolimo waseRiphabhulikhi uhlela ukusabalalisa amathani angama-500 embewu mahhala phakathi kwamapulazi e-dehkan athuthukile kanye nabanikazi beziza zasendlini. Inani eliphelele labamukeli bembewu yezinto ezibonakalayo lizofinyelela ku-1,7 XNUMX.
Njengomphumela wesenzo esinjalo, isivuno sezitshalo kufanele sikhule kuzo zombili izimo zekhwalithi nenani. I-Uzbekistan izoba yisinyathelo esisodwa sokusondela emgomweni wayo: ukwenza ukulima amazambane kube umkhakha wezolimo ophumelelayo, ophumelelayo.
U-Irina Berg