Njengoba sithembisile, sishicilela ulwazi mayelana nochungechunge lwenani lamazambane kanye nezixhumanisi zalo ngazinye. Kuleli sonto sizokhuluma ngokubambisana kwezakhamuzi zendawo namapulazi futhi sixoxe ngezibonelo ezithile zokubambisana ngempumelelo.
1. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezakhamuzi zendawo nabalingani
Wonke amazwe e-sub-Saharan Africa enza ucwaningo lwamazambane olubandakanya abahlinzeki bezinsiza kanye nabathengi. Kodwa-ke, kaningi kuba negebe lendawo phakathi kwabalingani, okuholela ekuphindaphindeni kwemizamo futhi ngenxa yalokho kumoshwe izinsiza, futhi kuvimbele uchungechunge lwenani lamazambane ekubeni luqine.
Ucwaningo lwenziwa ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni zocwaningo lwezolimo zikazwelonke, ezihlanganisa izikhungo zocwaningo, amanyuvesi kanye nabalingani abazimele. Ngokuvamile i-International Potato Centre, amanyuvesi angaphandle kanye nezinhlangano zocwaningo nazo zisebenza njengabalingani abanjalo.
Kuncane ukubamba iqhaza kwabalimi bendawo kanye nabathengi ocwaningweni, njengokukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo nokuthuthukiswa kwamasu abo okulima.
Isabelomali esilinganiselwe sithinta kabi ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukuphindaphindeka kwezinhlobonhlobo nokusabalalisa kwazo, kanye nokuqaliswa kwemiphumela yocwaningo. Ubuchwepheshe obusha abuboniswa ngendlela efanele ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezolimo nemvelo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemali elinganiselwe kanye nezinsiza zabantu. Ngenxa yalokho, ijubane lokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe lihamba kancane. Isibonelo esihle ukushoda okukhulu kwembewu yekhwalithi evela ezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane ezikhululiwe kanye nezindleko zazo eziphezulu ngenxa yokutholakala okulinganiselwe.
Emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, imboni yangasese ayinandaba nokukhiqizwa kwamazambane ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zembewu, kanye nezitshalo ezibolayo. Kukhona okuhlukile okumbalwa, okufana neKisima Farm Ltd.
Inhlangano itshala imbewu yamazambane acishe abe ngu-100 ha/isizini (200 ha/ngonyaka) ezitshalweni ze-in vitro eyithenga kwa-Genetic Technologies International Limited (GTIL) kanye ne-Stokmen Rozen. Zombili lezi zinkampani ziphethwe ngasese futhi zikhiqiza izitshalo ze-in vitro ukuze zi-ode.
E-Ethiopia, kunenkampani yakwaSolagrow (Holland), ekhiqiza imbewu yamazambane. Unelabhorethri yakhe ye-micropropagation, emvumela ukuthi akhiqize imbewu emsulwa, kodwa wabhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu lapho amanye amapulazi akhe ecekelwa phansi phakathi nezibhelu zombango ezaqubuka ngo-2016 ezingxenyeni ezithile zezwe.
Kuphoqelekile ukuba namapulazi amaningi aphumelelayo enzalo kanye namapulazi amazambane ukuze sibe nemboni yezambane eseqophelweni eliphezulu.
Kodwa-ke, izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika azikukhuthazi ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane, okuthinta kabi ukutholakala kwezinsiza ezifana nembewu esezingeni eliphezulu, umanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane.
IKisima Farm ipulazi elizimele elitholakala esifundeni saseMeru, esifundeni saseBuuri, empumalanga yeKenya. Inomlando omude. Kusukela ekukhiqizeni okusanhlamvu okufana nokolweni nebhali kuya kumbewu yamafutha kanye nemifino.
Inzuzo yalo msebenzi inikeze umthombo wemali ekukhiqizeni imbewu yamazambane esanda kuqalwa.
IKisima ikhiqiza imbewu yamazambane endaweni engaba ngu-200 ha ngonyaka ngezinkathi ezimbili zonyaka (amahektha ayi-100 ngesizini ngayinye). I-Pharma yaqala ukutshala imbewu yamazambane ngo-2008/2009 kumahektha ayi-8 kuphela. I-Kisima isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-3G obukhuthazwa yi-CIP (Isikhungo Samazwe Ngamazwe Ngamazambane) ukuze sisakaze ngokushesha imbewu ehlanzekile sisebenzisa i-aeroponics.
IKisima ibambisene neSyngenta Sustainable Agriculture Foundation (SFSA). Kusukela ngo-2011, ibihlinzeka ngembewu yamazambane eqinisekisiwe kubakhiqizi abancane bembewu eMeru.
Ipulazi lithole ukwesekwa yi-African Enterprise Fund. Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngembewu yamazambane asezingeni eliphezulu akhuphula umkhiqizo wabalimi abancane ngo-60% nokudala amathuba emisebenzi, iKisima Foundation izuzisa umphakathi endaweni esebenza kuyo ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukukhuthaza imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuqwashisa ngezolimo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.