Ukwehla kwesivuno ngo-11%, ukwehla kokusanhlamvu nembewu kawoyela emazweni angaphandle ngo-13%, ukuwa kwemboni yamaberry ngo-50%. Lena imiphumela eyalethwa u-2020 kubalimi base-Ukraine. Nokho, amabhizinisi amakhulu awacasukile ikakhulukazi ngalokhu, njengoba ekwazi ukuthola imali eshibhile kanye nokufinyelela ezimakethe zangaphandle. Abalimi babala ukulahlekelwa futhi bacabanga ukuthi bangasinda kanjani ngo-2021. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbuso awubasizi ngalutho.
I-agro-industrial complex imelana kanzima nale nkinga, kodwa yehluleka. Kusukela ngoMashi, umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwezolimo e-Ukraine ubulokhu ukwehla. Ngokusho kwe-State Statistics Service, ngoJanuwari-Agasti 2020, inkomba yokukhiqiza yezolimo uma iqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2019 yaba ku-90,2%. Okusho ukuthi, ukuncipha cishe ngo-10%. Ngonyaka odlule, wonke amaqhubu awela ngesikhathi esisodwa kubalimi: ubhubhane, ukuhlukaniswa, ukwehla kwesidingo samaqembu athile emikhiqizo, izinhlekelele zesimo sezulu.
Ngenxa yalokho, inzuzo yabakhiqizi iyehla futhi bafuna insindiso ezimakethe zangaphandle. Ukwenyuka kwamanani okudla emhlabeni kungasithuthukisa ngandlela-thile isimo. Isibonelo, inkomba yamanani yeNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (i-FAO), ebonisa ukushintsha kwezindleko zokudla okuyisisekelo, yayingamaphuzu angama-97,9 ngoSepthemba. Lokhu kungaphezulu ngo-2,1% kuno-August futhi ngo-5% ngaphezu kukaSepthemba 2019.
Ukunqoba sekudlule
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singathanda kangakanani, kodwa ngo-2020 ngeke kube khona irekhodi elilandelayo lokuvuna. Konke kuyimbangela yesimo sezulu, ebesibhekene nabalimi bezolimo unyaka wonke. Akukho mvula nobusika obufudumele, intwasahlobo enokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, isomiso ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla kwaba nomthelela omkhulu esivunoni. Ngakho-ke, isivuno esiphelele sokusanhlamvu okuyinhloko kanye nembewu yamafutha sizoba sezingeni lamathani ayizigidi ezingu-87,5. Lesi sibikezelo simenyezelwe ngu "Dengam" kanye. O. Umqondisi Omkhulu we-Ukraine Grain Association (UGA) uSerhiy Ivashchenko. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019, lokhu kucishe kube ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-11, noma u-11%, aphansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe babuyekeza izilinganiso zokwehla kwesivuno cishe kuzo zonke izilimo. “Kudingeke ukuthi senze isibikezelo sokuvunwa kukakolweni sibe sibi kakhulu ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1,6 - amathani ayizigidi ezingu-25,2, ibhali - amathani ayizigidi ezingu-0,9, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-7,8, kanti ummbila - ngezigidi ezingu-2,2 ., kuze kufike kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-29,6. Sibuyekeze isibikezelo sokuvunwa kukabhekilanga sisuka kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-14,3 saya ku-13,3, kanye nobhontshisi wesoya - sisuka kumathani ayizigidi ezi-3,1 kuya kwezingu-3, ”kusho uMaria Kolesnik, iPhini Lomqondisi weProAgro Group.
Lezi zilinganiso zihambisana ngempela namaqiniso. Ngokwemininingwane ekhishwe uMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho ngoNovemba 2, ukolweni nebhali sekuvunwe ngokugcwele. Isivuno saba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-25,1 kanye nezigidi ezingama-7,8, ngokulandelana (bheka ithebula). Ummbila wezolimo uvune amathani ayizigidi eziyi-17,6 ukusuka ku-66% wendawo etshaliwe. Ukuvunwa kukabhekilanga sekufike ekugcineni: u-95% wendawo usubhuliwe kanye namathani ayizigidi eziyi-12,1 avuniwe. Futhi mancane amathuba okuthi abakhiqizi bezolimo bakwazi ukubamba isivuno sikabhekilanga kusuka emazweni asele kuze kufike kowanyakenye, okwaba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-14,5.
Ngenxa yokwehla komthamo wokukhiqiza, ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlamvu nezimbewu zikawoyela emazweni angaphandle kuzokwehla. Ngokwezilinganiso ze-UZA, ngo-2020 izoba cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-54, okuyi-13%, noma amathani ayizigidi eziyi-8, ephansi kunangowezi-2019.
Abahlaziyi beProAgro bakholelwa ukuthi ngonyaka wokumaketha ka-2020/2121, i-Ukraine izokwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-48 okusanhlamvu ezimakethe zangaphandle uma kuqhathaniswa namathani ayizigidi ezingu-55,6 ngo-2019/2020. Kulo mqulu, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-17,5 - ukolweni, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-4,4 - ibhali, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-25,5 - ummbila.
Sibheke phambili ku-2021
Kodwa ukuhlwanyelwa kwezitshalo zasebusika kuhamba kahle. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Nohwebo, ngoNovemba 2, abalimi sebehlwanyele izitshalo zasebusika eziyinhloko endaweni engamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-7,5 (91% yesibikezelo). Ukolweni uhlwanyelwe amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-5,65 (92% yesibikezelo), ibhali - amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-867 (92% yesibikezelo), i-rye - amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-119 (89% yesibikezelo), i-rapeseed - amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-863 (85% kuya kwesibikezelo ).
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abakhiqizi bezolimo banethuba lokuvuna isivuno esiphezulu ngo-2021. Okokuqala, ngokusho koMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho, indawo etshalwe izitshalo zasebusika izokhula ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-600 - kuze kufike kumahektha ayizigidi eziyi-8,2. Yiqiniso, hhayi ngaphansi kwawo wonke amasiko. Uma indawo engaphansi kukakolweni ikhuphuka isuka kumahektha ayizigidi ezingu-5,65 iye kumahektha ayizigidi ezingu-6,1, khona-ke ngaphansi kwebhali izokwehla isuka kumahektha ayizigidi ezingu-1,06 iye ku-0,95 wamahektha ayizigidi, futhi ngaphansi kwe-rapeseed - isuka kumahektha ayizigidi ezingu-1,2. kuze kufike kumahektha ayizigidi ezingu-1.
Okwesibili, isimo sezulu sithanda ukuhlwanyela futhi sivumela ukuqala kwezitshalo zasebusika. Ukushisa okuqhubekayo kwavumela ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wensimu kuze kube sekwindla ngasekupheleni, futhi izimvula ngasekupheleni kuka-October zathuthukisa umswakama wenhlabathi, okunikeza ithemba lezithombo ezinempilo neziqinile.
Berry ngokulahlekelwa
Abalimi namapulazi atshala amajikijolo asesimweni esinzima kakhulu. Kubo, u-2020 ungomunye weminyaka eneshwa kakhulu. Futhi, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, abalimi bamajikijolo bathola isivuno esiphindwe kabili nesigamu kunango-2019. “Abantu abaningi bakhuluma ngokuwa kwe-10-15%. Kodwa empeleni, isivuno sehle ngo-40-60%. Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kakhulu kwakungenxa yesithwathwa entwasahlobo kanye nezimvula ngoJuni, ”kuchaza u-Yaroslav Movchun, umnikazi wepulazi lamajikijolo i-Ozeryana. Ngendlela, kwakungeyona ize ukuthi amajikijolo ayebiza ezitolo ehlobo lonke, njengoba abalimi bezama ukumboza ukulahlekelwa kwabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ukraine ikhulise ngisho nokungenisa amajikijolo namantongomane. Ngokusho kwe-Ukrainian Fruit and Vegetable Association (UPOA), ngoJanuwari-Juni 2020, ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kwaba amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-443, okuyi-11% ngaphezu kwesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2019. Ukungeniswa kwezithelo zamatshe (ibhilikosi, ipentshisi, i-sweet cherry, iplamu) kukhuphuke ngo-16,6%, kanti ukungeniswa kwamajikijolo amasha - ngo-17,9%.
Ngezithelo eziphuzile, okuyinhloko okuyi-apula, akuyona yonke into enhle futhi. Ukuvuna kuzocishe kufane nokwango-2019 - phakathi kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1. Futhi ngonyaka odlule kwaba omunye ezimbi kakhulu Yabloko eminyakeni 10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithwathwa entwasahlobo kanye nesomiso ehlobo sasithinta ikhwalithi yesithelo. Ngakho-ke ama-apula amahle ngempela futhi anambithekayo azoba ngu-20% wesamba sesivuno.
Luyini usongo? Amanani aphezulu emashalofini esitolo kanye nokubusa kwezithelo ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi ezivela ePoland.
Imifino, inyama, amaqanda
Isivuno samazambane ngo-2020 ngeke sibe ngcono kunango-2019. Ngokwezilinganiso zePhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho, Uhwebo Nezolimo uTaras Vysotsky, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane kuzoba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-20. Ngokusho kwe-State Statistics Service, ngo-2019, abalimi bavuna amathani ayizigidi ezingama-20,2. Futhi bekuyisivuno esibi kakhulu kusukela ngo-2010. Ngenxa yalokho, cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-400 amazambane angenisiwe afika e-Ukraine, futhi amanani awo ayekhuphuka ngezinye izikhathi.
NgoJanuwari-Agasti 2020, ukuthengiswa kwamazambane kukhuphuke izikhathi eziyisithupha uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2019. Abahlinzeki abakhulu - Belarus, Netherlands, Russia. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi isivuno asishisi kakhulu futhi, akufanele neze ukulinda ukwehla kwamanani amazambane.
UVysotsky uphinde wathi ukuvunwa kwemifino esele ngo-2020 kuzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-9, okusho ukuthi ukwehla uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019 ngo-7-8%. Lokhu sekuvele kubonakala ezintengo. Ngo-Okthoba, intengo katamatisi, ngokusho kwe-UPOA, yayiyi-23% ephakeme kunonyaka odlule.
Ekufuyweni kwezilwane, isimo singcono endaweni ethile, endaweni embi kakhulu kunonyaka ngaphambili (bheka ithebula). Isibonelo, ngoJanuwari-Septhemba, ukukhiqizwa kwezingulube zengulube namahlombe ehlombe kwanda ngo-64%, kanti izidumbu zengulube zehla ngo-2,7%. Ukukhiqizwa kwezidumbu zenyama yenkonyane kanye nenyama yenkomo, isigamu sezidumbu, izindawo zokuhlala kwehle cishe ngama-30%. Ukukhiqizwa kwenyama yenkukhu nenkukhu kwehle ngo-10%, kuyilapho inyama ye-turkey, ngokuphambene nalokho, inyuke ngo-12,3%. Umthamo wokukhiqiza ubisi nokhilimu wehle ngo-5-10%.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuqala zika-2020 kwehle ngo-1,3% noma ngezingcezu eziyizigidi eziyi-173,2 - kuya kwezingcezu eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-12,8.
I-Agroexport ayikwazanga ukumelana
Ngokusho kwe-Ukraine Agribusiness Club, ngoJanuwari-Agasti 2020, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo minyaka yonke ngokwezimali kwehle ngo-0,8% - kuya ku-$ 13,7 billion. Yebo, lokhu akubulali. Kodwa ukuthambekela kokwehla kwempahla kuyabonakala. Ikakhulukazi uma ubheka ukuthi ngo-2019 ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo kukhuphuke ngo-2018% uma kuqhathaniswa no-19.
Ukwehla okukhulu kwaba ukuthunyelwa kwembewu nezithelo zezitshalo zikawoyela, izitshalo zezimboni nemithi, ngaphezu kuka-36%, izimpahla zikafulawa, imela, isitashi, imifino egayiwe zehle ngo-19%, ushukela, amaqanda nemikhiqizo yobisi ngo-14% , ngo-9%. - imifino, 7,5% - inyama kanye no-1% - okusanhlamvu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abakhiqizi bandise ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo eqediwe evela kokusanhlamvu, ufulawa, isitashi nobisi ngo-14%. Ukuthengiswa kwamafutha emifino kanye namafutha ezilwane kukhuphuke ngo-20%.
Ububi obukhulu bokuthekelisa kwe-agro-export yase-Ukraine ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ezingavuthiwe. Okusho ukuthi, ikakhulukazi okusanhlamvu, amafutha, izithelo nemifino (entsha noma eqandisiwe), inyama. Kunemikhiqizo embalwa eqediwe, ecutshunguliwe. Uma sihlaziya ukwakheka kwe-TOP 15 yokuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe, ama-37% okusanhlamvu, ama-23% amafutha emifino namafutha ezilwane, i-13% iqediwe imikhiqizo yokudla, i-6% iyinsalela yokucubungula ukudla, i-5% yimbewu yamafutha, i-5% yizilwane. kanye no-3% - inyama ne-offal.
Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bezolimo bahola kancane, njengoba bethembele ngokuqondile emananini okudla omhlaba. Kepha ukube izimpahla bezibandakanya iningi lemikhiqizo eqediwe enenani eliphakeme elingeziwe, le nkinga ibingeke ishaye imali etholwa yibhizinisi lase-Ukraine kanzima kangaka.