Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kudala ukugcwala kosawoti enhlabathini ezindaweni ezisogwini, okuyinkinga enkulu emasimini amazambane, ngokusho kwesiteshi sikamabonakude i-SRF. Ukuyixazulula, ososayensi abavela e-International Potato Center ePeru bakha izinhlobo ezintsha, ezimelana kakhulu, ngokugcizelela ekugcineni ukunambitheka komkhiqizo kanye nethuba lokuthola isivuno esikhulu.
I-International Potato Centre yethula amagugu angempela, ngokusho kwewebhusayithi yesiteshi se-Swiss TV i-SRF. Lapho ungabona obhasikidi abanamazambane amakhulu namancane, ayindilinga nangamaqanda. Kukhona namazambane ansomi noma abomvu phakathi kwale ngcebo.
UStef de Haan, usosayensi wemvelo, uyakujabulela ukubonisa la magugu. “Isifunda sase-Andean sesikhiqize izinhlobo zamazambane zomdabu ezingaphezu kuka-4000. Ezinye zazo sizitshala minyaka yonke,” kusho ungoti. Ezinye zigcinwa njengezilimo eziyizigaxa, ezinye zigcinwa ngaphansi kwengilazi eyisivikelo ewugqinsi njengezitshalo zamathenda noma njengezakhi zofuzo ku-200°C ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa.
Le ngcebo ivikelwe kahle. Uma kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kugadla ePeru, amasampula azo zonke izinhlobo zamazambane zomdabu nawo agcinwa eBrazil naseNorway, kuchaza usosayensi. I-Potato Centre, nabacwaningi bayo abangu-185, izinze ePeru, kodwa u-de Haan nozakwabo abayishayi indiva yonke iLatin America, Afrika ne-Asia.
Basanda kuthola isicelo sosizo esivela eBangladesh. Sikhuluma ngokufakwa kukasawoti enhlabathini esitsheni sokudonsa amanzi emfuleni osemfuleni, lapho kutshalwa khona amazambane. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa, amazinga olwandle ayakhula. Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi anosawoti angena emasimini amazambane.
“Ezindaweni ezisogwini, le nkinga ibonakala kaningi,” kuqinisekisa u-de Haan. Abacwaningi babhekene nomsebenzi onzima wokuthuthukisa amazambane ahlukahlukene azovame ukumila enhlabathini enosawoti, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo azohlala emnandi futhi alethe isivuno esikhulu.
U-De Haan uyazethemba: “Esikhungweni samazambane sinegugu elikhulu lofuzo, izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo ezingaphezu kokwanele nolwazi oluningi oludluliselwa ngomlomo kubalimi abancane bendawo.” Okwamanje, isikhathi siyaphela. “Kuze kube yilapho uhlobo olusha olujwayele izimo zokukhiqiza zendawo luvuthwa, ngokuvamile kuthatha ishumi leminyaka lonke,” kuchaza uchwepheshe.
Izingozi zamazambane zihlanganisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu, izinambuzane ezintsha kanye nokunyuka kokungabikezeli kwesimo sezulu (ukunquma ukuthi lizokuna, nini futhi kangakanani kuya ngokuya kuba nzima). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho kutshalwa amazambane, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwezwe kuzokwenzeka, umcwaningi ukholelwa.
“Ukukhiqiza amazambane kuzosondela ezigxotsheni ngoba kupholile lapho. Lapho kunezintaba khona, amasimu ayoqhekezwa endaweni ephakeme kunangaphambili,” uqinisekile u-de Haan. Lokhu sekwenziwe ePeru isikhathi eside. Abalimi batshala amazambane afinyelela ku-4400 amamitha ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, amamitha angama-300 ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 edlule.
Nokho, ukuya phezulu kungenzeka kuphela ngezinga elilinganiselwe. Ngesinye isikhathi, inhlabathi iphenduka amatshe. Kwezinye izifunda lapho amazambane atshalwa khona namuhla, umbono wesikhathi esimaphakathi ubukeka ufiphele. Enyakatho ye-Afrika naseningizimu yeYurophu, ukutshala amazambane kuya ngokuya kuba nzima, futhi kwezinye izindawo akunakwenzeka.
Ngolunye usuku ngeke kuphole ngokwanele kumazambane - lapho izinga lokushisa ebusuku lingeke lisancipha okungenani libe ngu-16 ° C. Imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu. Umlando ubonise lokhu: kusukela ngo-1845, abantu abayizigidi e-Ireland babulawa "indlala yamazambane", okwakuwumphumela we-epiphytoty ephuzile. Esinye isigidi esisele saya e-US.
Kulezi zinsuku, i-UN isiphinde yabeka amathemba aphezulu kumazambane, ngoba izilimo eziyizigaxa zingasiza ekudambiseni inkinga yendlala yomhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane ezingazweli, kuphetha isiteshi se-Swiss TV i-SRF.