Amanani ezithelo nemifino yase-Iranian eRussia angase ehle cishe ngo-3-4%, kanti isabelo semikhiqizo evela kuleli zwe singase senyuke sisuka ku-5 siye ku-30%, ngokusho kochwepheshe abaxoxwa yi-Izvestia. Izinguquko ezinjalo zingenzeka ngenxa yokwehliswa cishe kabili kwezinkokhelo zentela phakathi kwe-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) ne-Iran, ngokusho kokubuyekezwa koMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho (Izvestia inayo).
Ngokwesilinganiso, izintela zebhizinisi lenhlangano zizoncishiswa ngo-23%, kanti eTehran - ngama-64%. Imibuso izokwehlisa ngokulinganayo inani lentela yempahla kwamanye amazwe ngemuva kokuthi isivumelwano sokwakhiwa kwendawo yohwebo lwamahhala (FTA) sizosebenza, lo mbhalo uqala ukusebenza ngaleli Sonto, zingama-27 kuMfumfu.
Imisebenzi iphansi
Osomabhizinisi abavela eRussia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan naseKyrgyzstan bazokwazi ukuthekelisa izimpahla e-Iran ngamanani akhethekile eminyakeni emithathu ezayo. Kodwa bazokwenza lula kakhulu imigomo yokuhweba ohlangothini lwase-Iranian. Lokhu kuzoba ngenxa yesivumelwano esaphethwa ngoMeyi ngonyaka odlule sokusungulwa kwesikhashana kwe-FTA phakathi kwe-EAEU neTehran.
Ngokwesilinganiso, amanani entengo e-Iran azokwehliswa ngo-64%. Ngokuqondile izithelo - ngo-50-100%, imifino - ngo-25-50%, namantongomane, i-zeroing ephelele ihlelwe. Imisebenzi eminingi izokwehliswa kutamatisi, ukhukhamba, amazambane, iparsley nedill, uMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho wagcizelela. UNgqongqoshe Wezohwebo we-EEC uVeronika Nikishina wengeze ngokuthi i-Iran izophinde ithole izintandokazi zokungeniswa kwezithelo ezomisiwe, izitsha kanye nokhaphethi eRussia.
Kwamabhizinisi-abathumela kwamanye amazwe amazwe e-EAEU, imisebenzi yase-Iran izokwehla ngesilinganiso sama-23%, u-Izvestia watshelwa eMnyangweni Wezomnotho. Ngokusho kukaVeronika Nikishina, ibhizinisi lamazwe eNyunyana lizothola okuthandwayo kwenyama kanye nemikhiqizo yamafutha namafutha, izinhlobo ezithile ze-confectionery kanye neshokoledi, kanye nezinsimbi nezimonyo.
Isivumelwano se-FTA ne-Iran sizohlala iminyaka emithathu, kuze kube ngu-Okthoba 2022. Ngemva kwalokho, kuzothathwa isinqumo sokudala indawo yokuhweba yamahhala egcwele ngokugcwele ehlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zezimpahla. Ngokusho kukaprofesa we-MGIMO uVladimir Salamatov, ukukhawulela isikhathi sesivumelwano kuwukuyekethisa kanye nesinqumo esinokulinganisela. Lesi sikhathi sizovumela amaqembu ukuthi aqonde amathuba namathemba okubambisana ngendlela ephelele, uma kubhekwa izici ze-geopolitical ze-Iran kanye neqiniso lokuthi ayilona ilungu le-WTO.
IREferensi "Izvestia"
Ekupheleni kuka-2018, ukuhweba kweRussia-Iranian kukhuphuke ngo-2017% uma kuqhathaniswa no-1,98 futhi kwafinyelela ku-$ 1,7 billion. Ngenxa yalokho, iMoscow yathatha indawo ye-12 ohlwini lwabalingani abakhulu baseTehran. Kuze kube manje, Isivumelwano phakathi kwe-USSR ne-Iran ka-1947 sasebenza njengesisekelo sobudlelwano bezohwebo phakathi kwamazwe. Amalungiselelo ngaphansi kwesivumelwano se-FTA afaka ama-97% emikhiqizo yamanje yaseRussia ethunyelwa ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yezolimo kanye nama-33% okunikezwa kwemikhiqizo yezimboni.
Umthengi uzozizwa
Kungaphambi kwesikhathi ukuhlola umthelela wesivumelwano emnothweni waseRussia, ngokusho koMnyango Wezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni, imithetho ekhona yobudlelwano bamazwe amabili izothonywa kakhulu yimithetho ekhona yobudlelwano bamazwe amabili, futhi ibhizinisi lizodinga isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezinto ezintsha.
Ochwepheshe okwaxoxwa nabo ngu-Izvestia bahlole kahle isivumelwano ne-Iran. Ngokusho kukaSolwazi weRANEPA, u-Alisen Alisenov, wonke amazwe amahlanu eNyunyana azohlomula. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke - eRussia nase-Armenia, ngoba baneziteshi zokuhlinzeka ezisekelwe kahle. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhwebelana phakathi kweRussia ne-Iran kungakhula ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,5. Izinkampani zase-Iranian nazo zinikezwa izinzuzo ezinhle, kucatshangelwa ingcindezi yangaphandle ezweni, kanye nokufinyelela emakethe yezigidi ezingu-183 zemakethe. I-Eurasian Union, u-Alisen Alisenov uyakholelwa.
Ibhizinisi lamukela kuphela ukwethulwa kwamagama akhethekile, njengoba i-Iran iyizwe elikhulu nelicebile, kusho u-Alexander Kalinin, umongameli we-Opora Rossii. Kodwa-ke, wagcizelela ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuxazulula inkinga ngokukhokha okuhlangene, ngoba i-Iran inqanyuliwe ohlelweni lwemiyalezo yezezimali yase-US SWIFT futhi lokhu kungase kudale ubunzima ekuhlalisaneni okuhlangene.
Phambilini, abezindaba, becaphuna uMongameli wase-Iran u-Hassan Rouhani, babike ukuthi ezinye izindlela zokukhokha zizosetshenziswa neRussia kanye namazwe e-EAEU. Waphawula ukuthi ngenani lezifundazwe, kuhlanganise neRussian Federation, lapho kwenziwa imisebenzi yezohwebo, iTehran isivele ishintshele ekukhokheni ngemali yezwe.
Amanani ezithelo nemifino yase-Iranian emakethe yaseRussia angase ehle cishe ngo-3-4%, u-Vladimir Salamatov ovela ku-MGIMO ukholelwa. Lapho inkathi yokuvuna iphela emazweni ase-Eurasia, imikhiqizo yase-Iranian izongeniswa, wanezela. Manje isabelo sabo emashalofini ezitolo zaseRussia sincane, kodwa kancane kancane singakhula ngenxa yokunciphisa imisebenzi. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukulahlwa kukaTehran kuzophoqa abathengisi ukuthi behlise izintengo zeminye imikhiqizo engenisiwe.
Namuhla izithelo nemifino evela e-Iran ithatha ingxenye encane yemakethe, cishe u-5%. Ngokuncishiswa kwentela evela kwamanye amazwe, ingakhuphukela ku-30%, kukholelwa ukuthi u-Alisen Alisenov wakwa-RANEPA.
Umnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho nawo ulindele ukuthi umthengi ojwayelekile ahlomule esivumelwaneni sohwebo lwamahhala. Nokho, bavumile ukuthi ukwehliswa kwamanani akwenzeki kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimpahla. Isibonelo, imithi mancane amathuba okuthi ishibhe ngenxa yokuthi le mikhiqizo inemithetho ekhethekile yokufinyelela emakethe kanye nezinqubomgomo zayo ezihlukene zokumaketha.