Ukwehliswa kwezindleko kanye nokwenyuka kokusebenza kahle yizona ezihamba phambili zentuthuko yebhizinisi lesimanje lezolimo lanoma yiliphi izinga kanye nephrofayili. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, namuhla kungenzeka ukufeza izinguquko ezifiselekayo zekhwalithi ekusebenzeni kwepulazi ngokusebenzisa ukwethulwa kwezinqubo zedijithali nobuchwepheshe. Nakuba le ndlela ingakakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ilula futhi iyashesha.
KUQALA
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation, ngo-2018 eRussia kuphela i-10% yomhlaba olinywayo yalinywa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusho kokubonwa kochwepheshe benkampani "Agri 2.0. Ukulima okunembayo”, osekuneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye kusebenza emakethe yezixazululo zezolimo ezintsha, awekho amabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo asele eRussia angazange asebenzise okungenani ithuluzi elilodwa ledijithali.
"Siqale ukwethula izinto ezithile zokulima ngokunemba eminyakeni emine edlule," kusho u-Alexander Nemirov, inhloko ye-JSC Potato, ibhizinisi elikhulu lokukhiqiza amazambane esifundeni saseKurgan. - Sihlole amakhono esistimu yokushayela efanayo. Kancane kancane senza amanye amathuluzi, njengoba namuhla kunzima ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngaphandle kwawo. I-digitalization ayiselona ikusasa, sekuyimanje kwezolimo.”
Abantu abaningi bayavumelana nalo mbono. Abakhiqizi bezolimo abaningi ngokwengeziwe basebenzisa amasistimu wokuzulazula e-GPS, bathembele kudatha etholwe kumasathelayithi asemkhathini nama-drones, futhi bathenge iziteshi zabo zesimo sezulu. Kodwa-ke, kusengaphambi kwesikhathi ukukhuluma ngokusabalalisa okukhulu kobuchwepheshe obusha. “Iphesenti lalabo abasebenzisa impumelelo yedijithali liyakhula minyaka yonke,” kuchaza ochwepheshe kwa-Agri 2.0. Ukulima ngokunemba." "Kodwa kusenezinkampani ezimbalwa ezisebenzise izinhlelo zokulima eziqondile kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza."
"Siqala ukusebenza ngale ndlela," kusho u-Evgeny Tsirulev, inhloko yepulazi labalimi baseTsirulev, ipulazi eliqashelwa njengelinye lamachwephesha aphezulu kakhulu esifundeni saseSamara, isifunda sokulinga "Ezolimo Zedijithali" zoMnyango Wezolimo. ” uhlelo. Kulo nyaka, inkampani iyaqhubeka nokuba sezingeni eliphezulu ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, yethula uhlelo lokusebenzisa umanyolo ohlukene.
I-DRONE REVOLUTION
Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwabahlaziyi bezimakethe, inguquko yedijithali kwezolimo isiseduze, futhi omunye wemicimbi yayo eyingqopha-mlando kuzoba ukungena kwezimoto ezingenamuntu emasimini. Le mishini yakhelwe ukuxazulula inkinga yokushoda kwezisebenzi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, okuyinto efanele emazweni amaningi omhlaba.
Abakhiqizi abambalwa abakhulu e-USA, Netherlands, Japan, kanye ne-India bebehlola amamodeli ogandaganda abangenamuntu futhi bahlanganisa abavuni iminyaka eminingana. Onjiniyela baseJapane babonise imiphumela yomsebenzi wabo ngoMeyi 12 kulo nyaka, emhlanganweni wamazwe weQembu Lamashumi Amabili (G20). I-tractor, ifakwe uhlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, yenza imibuthano eminingana ezungeze insimu, yakhetha ngokuzimela indlela, yalima umhlaba ngokuphumelelayo futhi yayima lapho ihlangabezana nesithiyo endleleni.
I-Russia nayo ingaziqhenya ngezimpumelelo zayo emkhakheni wamarobhothi. Esifundeni saseRyazan, ngesisekelo sendawo yezolimo, ugandaganda we-Agrobot drone wenkampani yasekhaya i-Avrora Robotics uhlolwa ensimini. Ezifundeni zaseKurgan naseTomsk kulo nyaka, abavuni abangenamuntu abathuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela yinkampani yasekhaya i-Cognitive Technologies kanye nesitshalo saseRostselmash bazobamba iqhaza ekuvuneni.
Nokho, ogandaganda unmanned futhi ihlanganisa kokubili emhlabeni naseRussia asekhona ngesimo imiqondo.
Lokhu akumangazi: ukushiyeka okuningi kwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi akuveli ngokushesha, futhi ukususa amaphutha kuthatha isikhathi.
Nakuba ukubambezeleka kokwethulwa kwamamodeli okukhiqiza kubangelwa ezinye izizathu. Ezinye zazo zicashunwe yi-RBC, icaphuna umqondisi jikelele weKirov Plant, uGeorgy Semenenko: “Ngokwezobuchwepheshe, imishini yethu isimi ngomumo ngokuphelele. Lona akuwona umbuzo wezobuchwepheshe, kunalokho umbuzo ongokwengqondo nowokuphatha, njengoba iklayenti kufanele lenze amalungiselelo athile, lenze imephu yezindawo zalo, umsebenzi othile wezobuchwepheshe namasimu akhe ukuze lethule uhlelo lokushayela oluzimele. Kanye nezinto zokulawula ezihlobene nomthetho (ubani ozoba necala uma kwenzeka uhlobo oluthile lwengozi), njll. Lezi zinkinga azizona eRussia kuphela; manje ziyaxazululwa emhlabeni wonke.”
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani izimoto ezingenabantu zingene emsebenzini. Ochwepheshe abaningi baseRussia abanathemba, bekhomba ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukusebenza emasimini asekhaya, abonakala ngendawo enzima nezithiyo eziqhubekayo, ngaphandle komqhubi. Nakuba kuneminye imibono. Ngokwezibikezelo zeNational Association of Robotics Market Participants, ngo-2024, cishe ingxenye yokuthengiswa emakethe kagandaganda yomhlaba wonke izovela kuma-drones (futhi ivolumu yemakethe yale mishini izoba ngu-$ 30,7 billion).
KUYINI I-HANDPERING DIGITALIZATION?
Abakhiqizi bezolimo baveza isidingo sokutshala izimali ezinkulu njengenkinga enkulu evimbela ukusabalala ngokushesha kwamathuluzi amasha. Ngisho nezinkampani zezolimo zincamela ukwethula izinto ezintsha ngezigaba, zihlola kancane kancane ukusebenza kwesinyathelo ngasinye, zisakaze umthwalo wezezimali futhi zigweme ukubolekwa imali eyengeziwe; emabhizinisini amancane, impumelelo emkhakheni wedijithali isalokhu ingafinyeleleki.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yamabhizinisi ezolimo (ngokusho kocwaningo - cishe ama-54%) alungele ukwethula ubuchwepheshe bedijithali kuphela ngesisekelo sokuxhasana ngezimali; abakhiqizi bezolimo bathembele ekusekelweni kombuso (ekuqaleni ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-16,1 abelwe ukusetshenziswa kweDigital. Iphrojekthi yezolimo).
Kwezinye izimo, imithetho yaseRussia nayo yenza kube nzima inqubo yokwethula izinto ezintsha. Kunzima kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, kubanikazi bama-drones—izimoto zasemoyeni ezingabanjwa muntu (UAVs) ezisetshenziselwa ukuqapha amasimu noma ukuphatha izitshalo ngemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo. Ngokomthetho, ama-UAV anesisindo esingaphezu kuka-250 amagremu angaphansi kokubhaliswa okuphoqelekile (noma kunjalo, inqubo yokuwabhalisa ayikasungulwa).
Izindiza ezibucayi kakhulu (ezinesisindo esiphezulu sokusuka esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-30) zingaphansi kwenqubo yokubhalisa esungulwe yiMithetho Yokuphatha ye-Federal Air Transport Agency.
Kodwa ukubhalisa ngokwako akwanele. Ungakwazi ukundiza ngokusemthethweni ama-drones esibhakabhakeni kuphela ngemva kokuthola imvume yokundiza. Kwezinye izifunda, lokhu kudinga isicelo kuziphathimandla zendawo.
Konke lokhu kudinga isikhathi nomzamo, futhi umphumela otholiwe awuhlali ulingana nokutshalwa kwezimali. Konke kumayelana nenkinga yesithathu - ukushoda okukhulu kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe abanolwazi emikhakheni ye-IT kanye ne-agronomy, futhi abanekhono, ikakhulukazi, lokuchaza ngokufanelekile nokusebenzisa idatha etholwe kundiza-moya emsebenzini wabo. Noma linganisa kahle futhi uhlole izinzwa ezifakwe kugandaganda wakho, isifafazi noma inhlanganisela.
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-113 basebenza ku-IT agro-industrial complex; kudingeka okungenani abanye abayizinkulungwane ezingu-90. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha (kanye namaholo aphezulu) ukuheha ukucabanga, okuthembisa abantu abasha edolobhaneni. Amapulazi amaningi athembele kulokhu.
Ukufaka ohlwini lobunzima, umuntu akanakusiza kodwa avume ukuthi eRussia kusenezindawo lapho ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bokulima obunembayo kungenakwenzeka: akukhona nje kuphela i-intanethi esheshayo, kodwa futhi nokuxhumana kweselula. Phakathi kweziyinkinga kakhulu iChukotka, iNenets Autonomous Okrug, ingxenye yeMpumalanga Ekude, kanye neSifunda saseMagadan. Kodwa izakhamuzi zaseCentral Russia, esifundeni saseVolga, e-Urals naseSiberia, ezikude namadolobha amakhulu, nazo zibhekana nobunzima obunjalo. Ngokusobala kusengaphambi kwesikhathi ukukhuluma mayelana nesipho sedijithali lapha.
IKUSASA LEDIJITI
Ngokusho kochwepheshe abavela eMnyangweni Wezolimo waseRussia, ukwethulwa kwezixazululo zedijithali eminyakeni ezayo kuzothinta kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo ezweni: kuzohlinzeka ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ezoholela ekwandeni kokukhiqiza kanye nenzuzo eyengeziwe yamabhizinisi ezolimo.
Futhi umnyango uzofaka isandla kulokhu. Ngo-2024, uMnyango uhlela ukudala uhlelo oluhlangene lwefederal olunolwazi lwezindawo zezolimo kanye ne-Central Information and Analytical System of Agriculture, ehlanganiswe ne-Rosstat kanye ne-Federal Customs Service. Lezi zinhlelo zizohlanganisa ulwazi ngomhlaba osetshenziswa abalimi nakwezinye izinkomba zepulazi.
Futhi phakathi kwezinto ezibalulekile zoMnyango Wezolimo ukwethulwa kwesiqondiso esithi "Umhlaba Wolwazi" - uhlelo lokuqala lwemfundo ye-elekthronikhi embonini yonke, ngokusho kochwepheshe bezolimo abayizinkulungwane ezingama-2021 okufanele baqeqeshwe ngamakhono omnotho wedijithali ngo-55; ukwethulwa kohlelo lwenkontileka ehlakaniphile (sibonga abakhiqizi bezolimo abazokwazi ukudweba imibhalo ukuze bathole uxhaso lwezolimo kanye nemalimboleko ekhethwayo nge-akhawunti yabo yomuntu siqu kuwebhusayithi). Kunamanye amaphrojekthi afuna ukuvelela asathuthuka.
Ngandlela thize, ukwenza idijithali kuzothinta impilo yawo wonke amabhizinisi. Namuhla kumele sikulungele lokhu.