U-Anastasia Borovkova, u-Omia Ural LLC, Umphathi Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwezolimo
Amazambane sekuyisikhathi eside abe yisilimo esinamasu ezweni lethu, esitshalwe cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia, futhi izinguquko empilweni yomphakathi wonke maqondana nalolu bhubhane ziphinde zaqinisekisa isidingo "sesinkwa sesibili" sabantu. Akumangalisi ukuthi uQu Dongyu, uMqondisi-Jikelele weFood and Agriculture Organisation yeNhlangano Yezizwe (i-FAO), amemezele ukuthi u-2021 kuzoba uNyaka Wezithelo Nemifino Wamazwe Ngamazwe, ukuze ukuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kwale mikhiqizo yokudla okunempilo, ukuvikeleka kokudla kanye nempilo.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, eRussia kukhona ukuthambekela kokunciphisa indawo yokulima. Ngokusho kukaRosstat, indawo yokulinywa kwamazambane emkhakheni wezimboni wamazambane akhula eRussia ngo-2020 emapulazini azo zonke izigaba yaba ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-280,9, okuyi-8,0% (amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-24,4) ngaphansi kuka-2019. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-5, zehle ngama-22,1% (ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-79,7), ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10 ngo - 21,5% (ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-77,0). Isivuno, ngakolunye uhlangothi, besilokhu sikhula kancane futhi sikhuphukile kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule sisuka ku-13,6 t / ha saya ku-24,4 t / ha. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokwanda kwesiko lobuchwepheshe bezolimo emapulazini, kufaka phakathi nokukhula ekusetshenzisweni komanyolo wezimbiwa.
Okwamanje, abakhiqizi basekhaya bakhiqiza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 zomanyolo. Ngo-2021, ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation, ukuthengwa komanyolo wezimbiwa kulindeleke ezingeni lamathani ayizigidi ezi-4 kawoyela kaphethiloli, ophakeme ngo-14% kunangonyaka odlule.
Kodwa-ke, ukungafaki njalo okunye kungcono, ngoba kunemibandela ekhawulelayo yokusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kukamanyolo futhi, okokuqala, i-asidi ephansi yenhlabathi, eyehlisa kakhulu izinga lokumunca izakhi ngezitshalo (Ithebula 1) .
Ithebula 1
Izinga lokumunca izakhamzimba ngokuya ngomhlabathi pH
pH | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | 6,5 |
N | 30 | 43 | 77 | 89 | 100 |
P2O5 | 23 | 31 | 48 | 52 | 100 |
K2O | 33 | 52 | 77 | 100 | 100 |
Umthombo: Incwadi ka-Omia White
Ezimweni ezinjalo, hhayi kuphela ukusebenza kahle kwe-agronomic kokufaka umanyolo, kepha futhi nokulahleka kwezomnotho. Ake sibale, sisebenzisa isibonelo samazambane asetafuleni, yikuphi ukulahleka okulindelekile ngehektare ngalinye kulindeleke ku-pH 5,5 kanye nomthamo wesilinganiso omaphakathi we-N120 P100 K240.
Ukubala kwenziwa ngefomula:
izindleko zomanyolo | Х | umthamo womanyolo | Х | (100 - ukufaniswa nge-pH enikeziwe) | = | ukulahlekelwa ngama-ruble / ha |
I-nitrogen (i-ammonium nitrate)
Ukulahleka kwama-ruble / ha = 13000 * 0,296 * (100-77) = 885,0 ruble / ha
I-Phosphorus (ammophos)
Ukulahleka kwama-ruble / ha = 26450 * 0,192 * (100-48) = 2640,7 ruble / ha
I-potassium (njenge-potassium chloride)
Ukulahleka kwama-ruble / ha = 18000 * 0,4 * (100-80) = 1440 ruble / ha
Ingqikithi: Ama-ruble angama-4965,7 ngehektare
Ekubalweni, asikucabangi ukulahleka kokushoda kokudla okunomsoco we-calcium emhlabathini one-asidi, okuvezwa ngokushoda kwezitshalo kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yezilimo eziyizigaxa: ukuthambekela okukhulu kokulimala ngesikhathi sokuvuna, ukungahambi kahle kanye nokungasebenzi zezilimo eziyizigaxa, ukuqhekeka, isikhumba esibuthakathaka, njll., kodwa konke lokhu kuthinta kakhulu izindleko zemikhiqizo eqediwe.
Kukhona indlela yokuphuma - lokhu kukhawulwa kwenhlabathi, manje okutholwa kakhulu ezingeni likahulumeni. Izinkinga zokufakwa kukalayini wendabuko zaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu: amazinga wokufaka aphezulu (5-10 t / ha) enza le ndlela ibe nzima futhi ibize, ukusetshenzwa kokufakwa kwesicelo kanye nokufana kokusatshalaliswa kuphansi, umphumela omkhulu ubonwa ngemuva kweminyaka emibili bese uncipha kakhulu , nezinga lezinto ezikhona zikalimi nalo alilutho.
Umkhiqizo omusha uvele emakethe yaseRussia engaxazulula inkinga ngokushesha nangokuphumelelayo. Lona ngu-Omya ICalciprill® - Umanyolo we-calcium wokudla okunempilo nokuvuselelwa kwenhlabathi ngendlela elula ye-granular. Izinhlayiya ze-Ultra-fine ezinomsebenzi ophezulu zilawula ngempumelelo i-pH futhi ziholele ekuphenduleni okusheshayo kwezitshalo. Yedwa noma ihlanganiswe neminye imanyolo ka-Omya ICalciprill® kusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, lapho kuhlwanyelwa noma ezitshalweni ezimila. Ingasetshenziswa ngemuva kukalayini wendabuko, ngaphambi kokuqala komphumela we-lime, njengomanyolo osebenza ngokushesha oguqula i-pH emasontweni ama-3-4 ngemuva kokufakwa, nangemva kokuqala komphumela, njenge-ejenti esekelayo.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko:
Amanani wokufaka aphansi kusuka ku-250 kuye ku-1000 kg / ha
Ukuqinisekisa ukumuncwa okuphezulu nokusetshenziswa komanyolo abalulekile
Ukungathathi hlangothi kwezindawo ezinkulu ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokuxhumana
Ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukubumbana kwayo nokumelana namanzi
Ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwezinhlobo ezinobuthi be-aluminium enhlabathini
Kulula ukusebenzisa ngabasabalalisi abajwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zesimanje zokulawulwa kwe-asidi yomhlabathi kanye nombuso wokudla okunempilo kwamazambane kuzoba nomthelela ekukhuleni okusimeme komkhiqizo nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Emalungelo Wokukhangisa