I-Potato inezinhlobo eziningi ze-pathogens ezibangela izifo ze-etiologies ehlukahlukene kuyo. Ezindaweni zokutshala amazambane okuhweba, izifo ezisabalele njenge-rhizoctoniosis, ukubola okomile kwe-fusarium, i-phomosis, ukulimaza sekwephuzile kanye ne-alternariosis kubangela ukulimala okukhulu.
I-Potato rhizoctoniosis ezifweni eziningi ezingenhla iyingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ukubola kwe-phomosis kanye ne-fusarium eyomile minyaka yonke kuthatha isilinganiso esingu-15-20% wesivuno, kanti kusuka kuqweqwe olumnyama isivuno sesitshalo sincipha ngo-45-50%. I-Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (i-Thanatephorus cucumeria (i-Franc) i-Donk) i-pathogen yomhlabathi esabalele ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-ecosystem. Isikhunta siyakwazi ukudala umonakalo ezinhlotsheni ezingama-230 zezitshalo ezitshaliwe kanye nokhula.
Lapho izitshalo zamazambane zithinteka yi-rhizoctoniosis noma uqweqwe olumnyama, izilonda ezomile ezinsundu zakha engxenyeni engaphansi yeziqu, ngokuvamile ikhala isiqu futhi iholela ekulimaleni kwamahlumela, ukufingqa nokufa kwamahlumela. Ukuphuzi, ukubola nokugoqa kwamaqabunga (kusukela phezulu) nakho kungabonwa. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-tuberization, ama-stolons nezimpande zonakalisiwe futhi ziyawa: ziba nsundu, i-sclerotia ye-fungus ingakheka kuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuncishiswa kokutshala nokuhlaselwa kwezithombo kuyabonwa, isivuno sezitshalo sincishiswa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-sessile kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa zomoya kuyaphawulwa; futhi endaweni enomswakama ophezulu ongqimbeni lwenhlabathi yomoya phansi kweziqu futhi nxazonke zazo, i-coating emhlophe engcolile ye-sporulation ye-fungus "emhlophe yomlenze" ibonakala emhlabathini, okubonisa inqubo ejulile ye-pathological ezithweni ezingaphansi komhlaba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. inkathi yokukhula yezitshalo. Kuma-tubers, lesi sifo singabonakala njenge-sclerotia (uqweqwe olunsundu ngokumnyama), i-net necrosis, amabala ajulile, ukonakala, nemifantu.
Isikhunta singaba khona emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene (3-27°C) kanye nomswakama wenhlabathi, lesi sifo siyingozi ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye nomswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomswakama ophansi wenhlabathi. Umswakama owandayo wendawo ukhulisa ukushuba komonakalo we-rhizoctoniosis. Isici somswakama sisebenza kuphela ngokuhambisana nezinga lokushisa. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi libambezela ukukhula kwesitshalo, futhi amahlumela amazambane e-etiolated ahlala isikhathi eside emhlabathini, aqongelela inani elikhulu likashukela olula oncibilika emanzini ofinyeleleka kalula kusikhunta, futhi athinteka kakhulu yilesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezitheleleke nge-rhizoctoniosis ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanyisa zemvelo ku-+20 C zibonisa izimpawu zokuqala zokulimala kwamahlumela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-8, ngokukhanyisa okwengeziwe - ngemva kwamasonto angu-4. Ukuthambekela okukhulayo kwezitshalo zamazambane ku-R. solani nakho kwasungulwa ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium emhlabathini (i-potassium inciphisa inani lezitshalo ezigulayo ukusuka ku-66 kuya ku-10-15%).
Uhlu lwemithombo esetshenzisiwe:
- Sneh B. Ukuhlonzwa kwezinhlobo ze-Rhizoctonia / B. Sneh, L. Burpee, A. Ogoshi // St. UPaul, MN, USA: APS Cindezela, 1991. - 133 p. 27.
- Sneh B. Rhizoctonia izinhlobo: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology, and Control / B. Sneh, S. Jabaji-Hare, S. Neate, G. Dijst // Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996. - 578 p.