Isikhathi sesiphelile, sihlangana okusha!
Ukubuyekezwa kwendabuko kwalesi simo embonini yamazambane kuzoqala ngokufingqiwe okufushane kwesizini. Ngokuvamile, bekuyinkimbinkimbi impela, ikakhulukazi kubakhiqizi abancane: amanani entengo amazambane akazange akhuphuke kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi.
U-Alexey Krasilnikov, Umqondisi Omkhulu WePotato Union yaseRussia
IZINHLELO
Izintengo ezithe xaxa zamazambane asetafuleni zihlala ezingeni eliphansi elizinzile isikhathi eside kusukela kuphele ubusika. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli izindleko zekhilogremu lamazambane ngokwesilinganiso eRussia azangeqi ama-ruble / kg ayi-9,1 (ngaphandle kwe-VAT). Kwezinye izifunda, ezivune isivuno esinothile ekwindla (eBryansk, esifundeni saseVoronezh, eTatarstan), abalimi bamazambane baphoqeleka ukuthi bathengise abakhule ngama-ruble ayi-7-8 / kg, nekhwalithi ephansi eningi - ngama-ruble ayi-5 / kg. Amanani maphakathi nentwasahlobo ka-2019 ayengaphansi kunonyaka odlule cishe ngama-40%.
Kepha kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaMeyi, ezifundeni eziningi, siqophe ukwanda okuphawulekayo: esifundeni saseMoscow (kanye naseBelgorod, iPenza, iVladimir, iVolgograd, njll.), Intengo emaphakathi ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaMeyi kwaba uhla 13-14 ruble / kg, kwezinye izimo - 15 ruble / kg. Eqinisweni, imboni ifinyelele ezingeni lonyaka odlule.
Kuze kube manje, isimo ema-Urals naseSiberia, ezifundeni zaseNovosibirsk naseTyumen zihlala zimbi kakhulu, kuyathengiswa ama-ruble / kg angama-12, kepha kulezi zindawo kugcinwa izimbiza ezinkulu zamazambane amadala, okufaka ingcindezi emakethe.
IDOLOBHA YOKUZIVELA
Isikhathi eside "sokuntuleka kwentengo" kwamazambane ngokwemvelo kuholele ekunciphiseni kokuthengisa. Ngokusho kwe-Federal State Statistics Service, kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1, 2019, amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-757 yemikhiqizo asele esitokisini samapulazi amakhulu (uma kuqhathaniswa, amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-685 asala ezindlini zokugcina ngosuku olufanayo ngonyaka owedlule).
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngonyaka ngaphambili, izinsalela zamazambane eziningi ezinkulu ezindlini zokugcina zabakhiqizi baseRussia zazihlotshaniswa nokuthengwa okukhulu kwamazambane okuqala kusuka phesheya okuhlelwe ngamanethiwekhi amakhulu okuhweba. Khumbula, lapho-ke isigamu esingamathani ayisigamu semikhiqizo sangeniswa eRussia, lapho ngaphezulu kwamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-360 awela umGibhithe. Ukusuka maphakathi nobusika kuze kube sekupheleni kwesizini, abathengisi benqabe ukuthenga amazambane kubakhiqizi baseRussia, abashaya amapulazi amaningi kanzima. Lo nyaka, njengoba bekulindelwe ngaphambili, lesi simo sasingagwenywa. Isabelo sengonyama samazambane aseGibhithe saya emazweni aseYurophu, esalahlekelwa yingxenye enkulu yesivuno sawo ngenxa yesomiso. Ukusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli, ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-59 kuphela omkhiqizo angeniswa eRussia, okuyisikhathi esingaphansi konyaka ngaphambi kwalokho! Ukunyuka kwezinto namuhla akunakufanele ukwesabe: intengo yokungena yamazambane aseGibhithe okwamanje idlula ama-ruble / kg angama-40, okwenza lo mkhiqizo ungasebenzi eshalofini.
Masiphinde sinake iqiniso lokuthi kulo nyaka ukufika kwamazambane okuqala kusuka ezitolo zaseRussia kuya eAzerbaijan kwalibaziseka kakhulu: imisebenzi emikhulu yokuthumela yaqala ukusebenza kuleli lizwe kuze kube ngu-Ephreli 30, ngakho-ke abaphathi bazamile ukuqinisa amanani emakethe yasekhaya.
Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, abakhiqizi basezindlini kufanele vele basebenzise i-niche yamazambane okuqala: ngokwesiko, amazambane e-Astrakhan abelokhu athengisa kusukela maphakathi noJuni, kepha uma kunikezwe isimo sezulu, kungenzeka ukuthi ukudiliva kuzoqala ngisho nangaphambilini kunokwejwayelekile.
Ngale ndlela, ngokusho kwemibiko yabezindaba, kulo nyaka amazambane amaningi amaningi asevele asethengisiwe ngabakhiqizi bezolimo ezifundeni eziseningizimu yePoland. Noma kucatshangelwa intwasahlobo efudumele ngokungajwayelekile, ukuvuna amazambane maphakathi noMeyi kungumphumela oyingqayizivele wezindawo ezinezimo zezulu ezifana nesifunda sethu saseBryansk, ngokwesibonelo. Kepha amanani alo mkhiqizo akamangalisi kangako - cishe ama-2,3 euros / kg.
ISITOLO
Ngifingqa isizini, angikwazi ukwehluleka ukuphawula iqiniso elibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni imboni: ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo weRussia Federation, e2018, amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,5 wamathangi amasha okugcina. Leli yirekhodi, uma kuqhathaniswa, masikhumbule ukuthi ngo-2016 kwethulwe izindawo zokugcina ezingama-23 ezinomthamo ophelele wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-258,3, ngonyaka wezi-2017 - ngesikhathi sokumiswa kohlelo lombuso ngokunxeshezelwa kweCAPEX - kusekuncane ngokuphindwe kabili.
Ngokuvamile, kumele sivume ukuthi inqubomgomo yoMnyango okuhloswe ngayo ukukhuphula inani lokugcinwa kwekhwalithi ezweni inikeze imiphumela emangazayo.
Kepha emuva engqikithini enkulu yesizini entsha.
UKUGCINA
Ngokusho kwesibalo soMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation kulo nyaka, izinkulungwane ezingama-303 zamahektha zizokwabelwa amazambane emkhakheni wezimboni wezwe. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesilinganiso sokuqala, indawo yokutshala izonyuka (ngokuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule) ngamahektare ayi-15. Lesi sibalo siphakamisa ukungabaza okuthile, yize ezinye izifunda zaseRussia zimemezele ngempela ukwabiwa komhlaba owengeziwe walesi siko.
Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngeRiphabhulikhi yaseCrimea (ekwindla amaCrimea athola amahektha angama-900, kulo nyaka atshala kumahektha angama-2500). Njengoba kunikezwe inani eliphakeme lamanani entengo omkhiqizo enhlonhlo, lesi yisixazululo esicabangelwe kahle.
Ngokwezibikezelo, indawo yokulinywa kwamazambane eNyakatho Ossetia izokhula ngamahektha ayi-1900; Amasimu amazambane esifundeni saseTula azokwandiswa ngamahektha ayi-1000, kanti isifunda sase-Astrakhan sizokwengeza inani elifanayo. Izindawo zamazambane zizotshalwa kumahektha angama-800 eStavropol Territory, nakumahektha angama-700 eKrasnodar Territory.
Kepha kunezifunda lapho indawo yokwehliswa kwamazambane izoncishiswa khona, kufaka phakathi: iProvidence Territory (-1300 ha), iRyazan Region (-1000 ha), i-Lipetsk Region (-380 ha), iTambov Region (-290 ha).
Kodwa-ke, ukubalwa kokugcina kufanele kuhlehliswe kuze kuqedwe umsebenzi wokutshala. Manje zihamba ngejubane elisebenzayo, izimo zezulu ezifundeni eziyinhloko zohlelo lwezifundo zibonakala njengokufanele: kunokushisa okwanele nomswakama. Ezifundeni eziningi (ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseMiddle Volga), izinga lokushisa eliphakeme liyaphawulwa, kepha lokhu akufanele kuthinte kabi ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Kusukela ngoMeyi 16, ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo weRussia Federation, amazambane emabhizinisini ezolimo kanye namapulazi abalimi (amapulazi) atshalwe endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-154, noma i-47,9% yendawo yesimo sezulu (ngo-2018 - 134,6. amahektha ayizinkulungwane).
Yini esiyitshalayo?
Kungaphawulwa ukuthi amapulazi aseRussia asancamela ukusebenza ngokufezekiswa kokufuya kwangaphandle. Ngokusho kwesikhungo sezolimo saseRussia, izinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili eziphezulu kule sizini zifaka izinhlobo ezimbili ezifuywayo kuphela (i-Nevsky ne-Udacha), ezibalelwa ku-11% wezinto eziqinisekisiwe zokutshala. Enye i-3-4% yalesi sibalo yengezwe izinhlobo zaseRussia, ezisetshenziswa futhi emsebenzini, kepha azifakwanga ohlwini oluphambili. Okusho ukuthi, ngokuvamile, isabelo sezinhlobo zaseRussia esewonke inani lembewu alidluli i-15%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye eyinhloko yezinto ezibonakalayo zokukhethwa kwezangaphandle zivela eRussia. Ukungeniswa kwembewu evela phesheya kuyancipha. Ikakhulu, kulo nyaka izwe lethu alithenganga ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi zamazambane, mhlawumbe ngemuva kokufingqa lesi sibalo lizobe liphansi kakhulu, ngoba inani lezicelo zaseRussia alikwazanga ukunikezwa abakhiqizi baseYurophu ngenxa yokushoda kwemikhiqizo okubangelwa isomiso sonyaka odlule.
IZINSELELE ZESISASONI
Isizini entsha yezolimo yaqala ngokwenyuka ngamanani entengo "yokudla". Ikakhulu, ukukhuphuka kwentengo obekulindelekile (ngo-15-25%) wamazambane wembewu kusuka kubakhiqizi abaningi bakwamanye amazwe (sabhala ngezizathu ezisezindabeni ezedlule zomagazini kaningi). Ezinye izinkampani zembewu ezifuywayo nazo ziphakamise amanani entengo yemikhiqizo yazo, zakuthethelela ukwanda ngezici ezahlukahlukene, okubandakanya ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zikaphethiloli nezokugcoba.
Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, ingxenye yamabhizinisi ezolimo (ikakhulukazi lawo angakwazanga ukuthola inani eliphakeme lokuvunwa konyaka odlule) basebenzise amazambane angahlanzekile lapho betshala.
Ekhuluma ngembewu, umuntu angeke ehluleke ukubalula ubunzima abakhiqizi bezolimo ezifundeni ezithile abahlanganyele nabo kwisizini entsha lapho bezama ukuthola uxhaso lokuhlinzekela ukwesekwa okungahambisani. Iqiniso ngukuthi kulo nyaka kuphela amabhizinisi asebenzisa imbewu yezolimo ukutshala, izinhlobo noma nzalo yazo efakwe kwiRegional State of Selection Achievement yesifunda esithile, angathembela kusizo oluvela kuhulumeni.
Ngizokwenza ukubhuka ngaso leso sikhathi, kunengqondo ethile yalokhu okusha: kusukela ekubukeni kweziphathimandla, akufanelekile ukusebenzisa imali yabakhokhi bentela ukuhlakulela izinhlobo ezingakhombisanga zona esifundeni esithile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesimo, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kaningi abusetshenziswanga (Umanyolo wezimbiwa awusetshenziswa, imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ayisetshenziswa, imishini yokunisela ayinikezwanga). Yize ezinye izinhlobo zesimanje zibonisa imiphumela emihle kuphela ngokugcinwa ngqo kobuchwepheshe obuthile.
Ochwepheshe bePotato Union bake baxoxa kabanzi ngale nkinga nabamele uMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation. Okwamanje, sekufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni sokuthi abalimi ababona amandla aphezulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile, uma befisa, bangahlelela ukuphindwaphindwa kwawo. Ukuze kwenzeke lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi umnyango wezolimo uhambise isicelo esifanele (sisekelwa izincomo zabakhiqizi bezolimo) kuKhomishani Yezwe. Kepha ikhasimende kuzodingeka likhokhe zonke izindleko zokuhlola kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besimanje.
Maduze nje, lesi sinqumo sizokwethula emkhakheni olawulayo.