INGABE AMAZAMBANE AZALISWE NGAPHANDLE AZOTHATHELWA IZINHLOBO ZE-RUSSIA?
Izinhlelo zoMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation ukusungula isilinganiso sokungenisa imbewu yamazambane ngo-2022 ahlukanise abalimi bamazambane amakamu amabili. Abanye baqinisekile ukuthi lesi sinyathelo sizodala ukushoda kwembewu yekhwalithi ephezulu eRussia futhi ukulimaza imboni. Abanye banesiqiniseko sokuthi ukwehla kwesabelo sezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe kuzoba nomthelela ekunqotshweni kwemakethe ngezinhlobo zasekhaya. amazambane.
Zonke izimpikiswano zokuthi noma ezimelene nazo zilalelwe isiphequluli umagazini wethu.
UKUBALA OKUHLUKUMEZEKILE
Uma izinhlelo zoMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation zisetshenziswa, abalimi bamazambane kuzodingeka baphumelele isivivinyo samandla eminyakeni ezayo. Ukuthi bayaphumelela, isikhathi sizosho, kodwa ezibikezelweni zabo, abamele imboni baveza imibono ephambene.
- Angisho nje njengomthengisi wembewu yezinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe, kodwa futhi njengomkhiqizi wamazambane esikhathini esidlule, - kusho umphathi wokukhiqiza we-Solana RUS LLC Mikhail Belyaev. - Sekunokuntuleka kwezinto zembewu esezingeni eliphezulu emakethe yethu. Futhi izinhlobo zanamuhla zaseRussia azikwazi nje ukufeza izidingo zabalimi kulo lonke elaseRussia. Izabelo ezintsha zizobonakala ikakhulukazi kubakhiqizi bamazambane ukuze bacutshungulwe. Ngokwazi kwami, azikho izinhlobo zasekhaya ezihlangabezana nezidingo zayo okwamanje. Futhi uma zidaliwe, aziphindaphindwa ngevolumu yokwanelisa isidingo esikhona.
Izilinganiso akuwona umqondo omuhle - ibheka usihlalo we-SEC "Agrofirm" Elite Potato " Vladimir Akatiev, - futhi ngingasikisela enye indlela yokuphuma kulesi simo. Iziphathimandla kufanele zethule imithetho efanayo yokungenisa ezweni kule ndawo. Kuyadingeka ukuvumela abalimi bamazambane ukuthi bakhulise imbewu yezinhlobo ezikhethiwe zangaphandle ngaphandle kokuphothula izivumelwano nabanikazi bamalungelo obunikazi bangaphandle. Ezweni lethu, kukhona amabhizinisi ahlome ngesayensi nobuchwepheshe bakamuva angafeza kalula lo msebenzi futhi anxephezele ukushoda kwembewu.
Ngicabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu eMnyangweni Wezolimo ubale ngokucophelela futhi waqonda ukuthi ama-quota ngeke alethe umonakalo omkhulu, - umqondisi jikelele we-LLC uqinisekile
"Agrocenter "Korenevo" Alexey Zhuravlev. - E-Russia, izinkampani zisebenza ngempumelelo ezisekela isiko le-vitro lamazambane in vitro. Bakhiqiza ama-mini-tubers ezinhlobonhlobo zasekhaya nezangaphandle futhi bawasakaze ezigabeni eziphakeme ukuze zidayiswe ngokulandelayo. Inkampani yethu iphinde ikhulise imbewu ngeshubhu yokuhlola. Futhi amafemu afana ne-Fat-Agro LLC evela eNyakatho Ossetia kakade athola cishe izigidi ezintathu zama-mini-tubers ngonyaka. Izinkampani eziningi zakwamanye amazwe zihlele ukukhiqizwa kwazo lapha kudala, ngoba kubiza kakhulu ukungenisa amazambane asuka e-Europe njalo.
Izwe lethu ezindabeni zokukhiqiza amazambane lizimele, - i-agronomist eyinhloko ye-SeDeK iyaqiniseka Anatoly Osilov. - Kodwa, ngeshwa, lo mbono ukhuthazwa ngenkuthalo lapha ukuthi sizolahleka ngaphandle kwezinto zembewu ezivela eNtshonalanga. Ngivakashela izifunda ezahlukene, kusukela eCrimea kuya eKrasnoyarsk Territory, ngikhuluma nabalimi bendawo. Futhi ngivame ukuzwa ukuthi sebekulungele ukugcwalisa imakethe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamazambane, kufaka phakathi zakuqala. Kodwa ngesizathu esithile, siyaqhubeka nokwenza imali ezinkampanini zakwamanye amazwe ezizinze eRussia. Lapho ngo-2013 i-Rosselkhoznadzor yethula imingcele ekungethweni kwamazambane embewu evela emazweni e-EU, sathola indawo efanelekayo yezinhlobonhlobo zesikhumba esibomvu zaseDashi ezidume kakhulu - i-Azhur yasekhaya, eyangena kuRejista Yombuso ngo-2018. Namuhla, ihlakazeka ngokushesha iye emapulazini ezifundeni ezihlukene futhi ithola impendulo eyakhayo kubalimi. Ukuba nazo zonke izinzuzo zomlingani wayo wangaphandle, i-Azhur, ngokungafani nayo, iphinde ikubekezelele ukushisa kahle.
I-EUROPE NGEKE ISIZE
Kulo nyaka, isomiso esibi sibonakale emazweni ahamba phambili athumela imbewu yamazambane: Germany, France, Netherlands. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe abaningi balindele ukwehla kwevolumu yezimpahla zabo eRussia.
- AbaseYurophu bazofuna kuqala ukuhlinzekela izidingo zabo, - ucabanga Alexey Zhuravlev, - futhi insalela kuphela ezothunyelwa kithi. Kodwa uma imbalwa imikhiqizo yangaphandle engena emakethe kunaseminyakeni edlule, lokhu akufanele kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu.
- IYurophu isivele ikuqinisekisile ukunikezwa kwembewu esiyidingayo, - Uyakhuluma Mikhail Belyaev. - Yiqiniso, sizothola ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi kunomthamo ebesiwucelile, ngenxa nje yesomiso emazweni akhiqizayo. Kodwa lokhu kwanele ukuhlinzeka wonke amakhasimende.
- Ifemu yethu yezolimo ithenga imbewu ye-elite etshalwe eRussia noma ngenethiwekhi yomthengisi ngokuqondile kubakhiqizi bangaphandle, - utshela Vladimir Akatiev. - Ngicabanga ukuthi ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezingezinhle eYurophu, ukushoda kwembewu yokukhiqiza okuphezulu kungenzeka. Yiqiniso, ngeke siyeke ukubhekana namazambane. Sizotshala izitshalo ezikhiqizayo eziphansi, kodwa lokhu ngeke kuzuzise abalimi noma kuqede abathengi.
- Sitshala cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezi-4 embewu amazambane, kanye 2-2,5 amathani ayinkulungwane sethula ukukhiqizastvo, kuchaza Anatoly Osilov. - Uma uhamba ukungeniswa kwembewu yalesi sitshalo kwamanye amazwe, kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuthengisa umkhiqizo wakho. Kodwa labokunama-oda amaningi futhi isidingo sihlala sizinzilekodwa phezulu. Ngithemba ukuthi manje abalimi, enikezaabakhetha ukukhethwa kwamanye amazwe, bayophenduka ukunaka Izinhlobo zaseRussia futhi uzobona kuzo okuningi kuhle.
UKULAHLEKELWA OKUNGEKUGCINENI
E-Russia, inkathi yamanje nayo yayinzima kakhulu. Isomiso sihlasele nalezo zifunda lapho amazambane eqhubeka nokutshalwa ngaphandle kokunisela.
- Izambane isitshalo esinesimo sezulu esipholile esingakuthandi ukushisa, - ikhumbuza Vladimir Akatiev. - Ezimeni ezomile, ithola izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane kunaseminyakeni ngenani elidingekayo lemvula. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, kukhona ukuwohloka amazambane, njengoba izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukunciphisa isivuno salo enzalweni.
Ukulahleka kwabalimi bamazambane esifundeni esiphakathi kweBlack Earth kunxeshezelwa abalimi abavela kwezinye izifunda, - uyaqinisekisa Alexey Zhuravlev. - Isibonelo, izindawo ezinkulu zabelwe lesi sitshalo ezindaweni zaseBryansk, Tula, eMoscow, lapho kwakukhona khona imvula eyanele.
Esifundeni saseMoscow, sithole isivuno esihle, futhi imbewu ihlanzekile, yekhwalithi ephezulu, - Uyakhuluma Anatoly Osilov. - Izigaba zenkampani
I-SeDeK esifundeni sase-Omsk kanye ne-Altai Territory nayo babike ukuthi bahambe kahle. Ngakho-ke, kunesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi asongelwa ukushoda okukhulu kwembewu yasekhaya.
EZIMO ZAMAKHETHI
Lo nyaka udumaze abakhiqizi bamazambane baseRussia. Amanani aphansi okudayisa adida izinhlelo zabalimi abaningi ukuze bathole inzuzo ephezulu.
- Ngo-2022, abanye abalimi ngisho nabasanda kufika egatsheni wathatha amazambane, ngoba in prengesizini edlule ibidayiswa Ama-ruble angama-30-35 kilogram, - ucabanga Alexey Zhuravlev. - Labo abatshale imali kuleli bhizinisi okokuqala abazange bayithole imbuyiselo abebeyilindele noma baze bawa. Kodwa izinkampani eside wahlanganyela ekukhuleni amazambane, bala izingozi ezifanayo. Futhi abakhiqizi abakhulu abanjalo neze izohlala ilahlekile.
- Isimo semakethe siyasimama kancane kancane, - ngokuqinisekile Mikhail Belyaev. - August kanye ekuqaleni kuka September wabonisa ukuthi amazambane ekudleni imakethe, ikakhulukazi yekhwalithi ephezulu, ayiningi njengoba bekulindelekile. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi ezindaweni ezimaphakathi neRussia, isibikezelo sesivuno esihle asizange sigcwaliseke. Akungabazeki ukuthi intengo yalo mkhiqizo izoqhubeka nokukhuphuka esikhathini esizayo.
Imbewu, kunalokho, ikhuphuke ngokuphawulekayo intengo eminyakeni yamuva. Futhi kunombono wokuthi ukwenqaba kwabalimi ukutshala i-ware amazambane kungehlisa amanani entengo yawo.
- Njengomkhiqizi wembewu yamazambane, ngingathanda ukuthi inani lawo libe phezulu, - kuqashelwe Vladimir Akatiev. - Kodwa ezimweni zezomnotho zamanje, abalimi noma amapulazi amakhulu abanayo imali eyanele yokuthenga imbewu ebizayo. Imakethe ibeka izimo zayo, ngakho-ke, lapho uphetha izinkontileka, kuyadingeka ukusetha amanani aphansi kancane kunonyaka odlule.
- Sithobela ngokuqaphela izintengo zango-2021, - utshela Anatoly Osilov. - Uma abanye bethengisa izinto zembewu yangaphandle ngama-ruble angama-70-90 ngekhilogremu, khona-ke sicela ama-ruble angama-30-35 ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamazambane esigabeni se-elite. Singakwazi ukukukhokhela, ngoba sithuthukisa ngokuhlelekile inqubo yokukhiqiza futhi sinciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
- Ngethemba ukuthi amanani entengo yembewu ngeke ehle ngaphansi kwawanyakenye. - Uyakhuluma Mikhail Belyaev. - Kudingeka sihloniphe izintshisekelo zozakwethu bebhizinisi abasenzela imikhiqizo, futhi sicabangele amakhono amakhasimende esiwadayisela umkhiqizo wethu. Ngakho-ke, lapho senza amanani, sihlala sizama ukuthola incazelo yegolide.
ABAHOLI ABAFUNWA
Uhlu lwezinhlobonhlobo ezithatha izindawo ezinkulu kunazo zonke eRussia luhlala lungashintshiwe iminyaka eminingana ilandelana.
- Ngeshwa, isidingo sezinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe sisaphakeme, okuchazwa kalula, - ucabanga Vladimir Akatiev. - Sengike ngaba phesheya izikhathi eziningi, ezikhungweni ezinkulu zokutshala imbewu. Izinga lokusekelwa kwabo kwezinto ezibonakalayo liphakeme izikhathi eziningi kunelabafuyi baseRussia.
Namuhla, izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zokukhethwa kwamanye amazwe phakathi kwabalimi yiRiviera, Arizona, Bellarosa, Red Scarlett. Kuma-analogue aseRussia esiwakhulisayo, ngingakhetha izinto ezimbili ezintsha: i-Ariel ne-Sadon. Izinhlobo ezinhle, kodwa noma kunjalo ziphansi kunezangaphandle futhi zisamelwe kabi emakethe.
- Izinzuzo zezinto zembewu engenisiwe azinakuphikwa, - kugcizelela Mikhail Belyaev. - Eke isivuno esiphezulu, ikhwalithi, ukumelana nezifo, ukuzinza kwazo zonke izakhiwo, ukubukeka. Ezinhlotsheni esizinikezayo, akuwona unyaka wokuqala lapho iNdlovukazi u-Anna ibe ngumholi emakethe - ezinzile, enhle futhi ekhiqiza kakhulu. Ngingaphinde ngikhulume ngezinhlobo ze-Labella ne-Rodriga, nazo ezidingeka phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezolimo. Izinhlobonhlobo zeBelmond zithola ukuthandwa, izakhiwo zazo eziye zabonakala kahle ezinkathini ezimbili zokugcina, ngesikhathi sokushisa okunamandla.
- Ukukhula kwesidingo sezinhlobonhlobo zaseRussia kuhanjiswa yizinyathelo ezintsha zokusekela, - ivuma Alexey Zhuravlev. - Ngokuhambisana nemibandela yohlelo lukahulumeni, kuze kufike kumaphesenti angama-70 ezindleko zabalimi zokuthenga izinto zembewu yamazambane okukhethwa kwasekhaya zixhaswa. Sekukonke, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-25 zawela kuwo, kufaka phakathi i-Ariel, iKrasa Meshchery, iGrant. I-Sadon, izinhlobonhlobo ezithuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela yi-Fat-Agro LLC kanye ne-A.G. Lorch. Amazambane anesethulo esihle futhi abonisa isivuno esiphezulu kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe. Ngicabanga ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo azibi kakhulu kunamanye amazwe.
- Uhlelo lwe-Federal lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kwenze abafuyi bakwazi ukwakha amalabhorethri ukuze bakhulise i-micropropagation futhi bangene ezingeni elishaumthambo ucwaningo, - Uyakhuluma Anatoly Osikhov. - Ngenxa yezinyathelo zokwesekwa kombuso, inkampani yethu ilethe izinhlobo eziyisithupha zamazambane asekhaya emakethe. Kucatshangelwa impumelelo yososayensi abavela ezikhungweni zocwaningo zaseRussia kanye nochwepheshe abavela kwezinye izinhlanganotions, inani lezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo selivele lisondela ku-30. Kodwa ezifundeni eziningi abazi nje ngokuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo zaseRussia ezincintisanayo ezingekho ngaphansi kunezangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ukuthandwa kwabo kuyadingeka kakhulu, esikwenza ngenkuthalo. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, inkampani yethu izokwethula enye izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha - i-Zhenechka, okulandelayo emgqeni kukhona izinhlobo ze-Ilona, I-Empress, i-Assol, i-Farmer. Ngejubane elinjalo lomsebenzi eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu nje kuphela, isimo singashintsha kakhulu eRussia. Ngiyethemba ukuthi sizobonisa abakhiqizi bezolimo ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha izinto ezibalulekile futhi sishintshele ezinhlotsheni zasekhaya.