Kusukela ngo-2020, ama-30% ezindleko zabalimi zezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukuvunda komhlabathi azonxeshezelwa kwisabelomali sikahulumeni. IPhini Lokuqala likaNgqongqoshe Wezolimo eRussia u-Dzhambulat Khatuov umemezele lokhu ngesikhathi senkundla ye-Yaroslavl Field Day, kubika i-TASS. “Ngo-2020, izindlela zokusekela umbuso zizoqala ukusebenza ngendlela yokubuyisela izindleko zokwandisa ukuvunda komhlabathi. Izindleko ezitholwa abalimi ngesikhathi benza lo msebenzi zizonxeshezelwa ngo-30%,” kusho uKhatuov.
Ukucacisile ukuthi sikhuluma ngokukhishwa kwenhlabathi, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zemisebenzi eminingi. Ngokusho kwakhe, uMnyango Wezolimo uphinde walungiselela isilinganiso sokusekela ngendlela yokubuyisela izindleko zokubeka umhlaba ekusetshenzisweni kwezolimo. "U-70% wezindleko uzotholwa yilowo ofaka umhlaba," kusho uKhatuov. Ukhumbule ukuthi inxanxathela yezimboni zezolimo yasekhaya inikezwe umsebenzi wokuphinda kabili ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nokwandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza kwezinye izitshalo zezolimo. "Ukwenza lokhu, kuyadingeka ukubhekana nokuzala komhlabathi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukutholakala kwemishini yezolimo," isevisi yabezindaba yokuphatha esifundeni saseYaroslavl icaphuna uKhatuov esho.
Ukwesekwa kombuso ngezinyathelo zokwandisa inzalo kuyadingeka ngempela, kusho u-Ekaterina Gataulina, umcwaningi oholayo e-All-Russian Institute of Agrarian Problems and Informatics. "Kodwa okuningi kuzoncika emshinini othize ozophakanyiswa, kanye nokuthi kuzoba khona yini ukuncishiswa kwezinye izindlela zokwesekwa kombuso esezivele zikhona," uyaxwayisa. Ikakhulukazi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwemisebenzi kuzonqunywa kanjani. "Ukuqinisekiswa kokukhula kokuvunda komhlabathi kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri emba eqolo okufanele abalimi bakwenze, okwandisa izindleko zokuthola ukwesekwa okunjalo kukahulumeni," ukholelwa.
Njengamanje, iRussia isivele inohlelo lokubuyisela kabusha, kodwa ngokuyinhloko ihloselwe ukudala nokugcina izinhlelo zokunisela umhlabathi noma ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukusekela agroforestry kanye nemisebenzi yamasiko. Kukhona futhi indlela yokwesekwa okungahlobene ekukhiqizeni izitshalo, nayo exhumene nokwanda kokuvunda komhlabathi, uhlu lweGataulina. “Kodwa-ke izifunda eziningi ezikhiqiza imikhiqizo yezolimo zisanda kuthola ukwesekwa okungahlangene nazo. Ngo-2019, lezi yizifunda zaseBelgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk, Tambov kanye neRostov, izindawo zaseKrasnodar naseStavropol. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkinga yokuncipha kokuzala inzima kakhulu yonke indawo. Kunezifunda ezine-acidification eqinile yenhlabathi, kodwa ezifundeni ezivuna ezolimo, sikhuluma ngokuyinhloko ngokubuyiselwa kwamasimu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo kakhulu, kunxephezela ukususwa kukamanyolo wamaminerali namahumus,” kunezela uGataulina.
Kumahektha ayizigidi eziyi-198 ezindawo zokulima eRussia, ingxenye enkulu ingaphansi kwezinqubo ezisebenzayo zokucekelwa phansi - kugcwele ukhula, izihlahlana namahlathi amancane. Amahektha ayizigidi ezingama-61 ezindawo zokulima angaphansi kokuguguleka komoya, amahektha angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 asevele engaphansi kogwadule, okuqinisekiswa ukwakhiwa kogwadule lokuqala eRussia eKalmykia, kusho isekela-mphathi we-Faculty of Soil Science yaseMoscow State. Inyuvesi. M. V. Lomonosov Pavel Krasilnikov. Indawo yemihosha ezweni elimekayo idlule amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-1, ukukhula kwawo konyaka kufinyelela ku-20 km. Isabelo senhlabathi ene-acidic, ngokumelene nesizinda sokwehliswa okubukhali komthamo wokugalela, sikhuphuke sisuka ku-26% saya ku-30% eminyakeni engama-45. U-7% womhlaba wokulima ungaphansi kokugcwala kwamanzi nokugcwala kwamanzi, omunye u-3% ungaphansi kokufakwa kukasawoti okwesibili; ezifundeni eziseningizimu isabelo sezindawo ezinjalo sifinyelela ku-50%.