Ochwepheshe be-Expert and Analytical Center for Agribusiness AB-Center balungiselele olunye ucwaningo ngemakethe yezolimo "Ukuhlaziywa kokungeniswa kwezimbewu, abatshali kanye nabafakela eRussia ngo-2012-2019."
Ngezansi kunamanye amaphuzu acashunwe kulo msebenzi.
Amandla wezinto ezisetshenziselwa imishini yezolimo engeniswa ezweni (abahlwanyeli, abatshali kanye nabatshintshi) eRussia iboniswa ngu:
- Amanani aphezulu wokungeniswa kwempahla ngo-2012-2014. Singaqokomisa ikakhulukazi unyaka we-2013, lapho ukudiliva kufinyelela amanani abo aphezulu kuwo wonke umlando wokubonwayo (153 izinkulungwane ze-USD). Ngomlando wokubuka lapha sisho isikhathi esivela ku-299,2 kuya ku-2012.
- Ukuwa kokungeniswa kwempahla ngo-2015lapho, ngaphansi kwemibandela yokudonswa kwe-ruble, ivelu yenani lokungenisa yehle ngamanani aphansi (ama-63 amawaka e-USD).
- Okunye ukutakula kokunikezwayo esikhathini sika-2016-2017., noma kunjalo, izinkomba azifikanga ezingeni lika-2012-2014.
Ukuqala ngonyaka ka-2018, ukungeniswa kwama-seeders, abatshali kanye nabatshintshi bayongena eRussia kuphinde kube nomkhuba ophansi. Noma kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuncishiswa kokungeniswa, IRussia isengomunye wabangenisi abakhulu kakhulu abatshali, abatshali kanye nabatshalizeli emhlabeni (Indawo yesibili ngemuva kwe-United States) ngesabelo esingu-2% senani eliphelele lokungeniswa komhlaba (izinkomba ekupheleni kuka-8,3, ukubalwa kwe-AB-Center).
Imakethe yezithombo zakwamanye amazwe, abatshali kanye nabafakeli eRussia nayo ibonakala ngokulandelayo:
- Ukwehlukaniswa okulingene kokuhlinzekwa ngezwe elidabuka kulo. Akukho ukuthembela okucacile kokuhlinzekwayo okuvela kunoma yiliphi izwe emakethe yaseRussia. Noma kunjalo, i-TOP-7 yamazwe abahlinzeki bahlinzeka ngamaphesenti angama-93,9 wabo bonke ukulethwa ngemibandela yenani (idatha ka-2018). Lawa mazwe: iJalimane, i-USA, iSweden, i-Ukraine, i-Italy, ne-Canada ne-France.
NgoJanuwari-Ephreli 2019, ukuhanjiswa okuvela e-Ukraine kuncishisiwe. I-TOP-8 yamazwe ahlinzekayo, afaka iTurkey neChina, abiza ama-96,6% wokungeniswa ngokuphelele ngamanani wenani.
Kusukela phakathi kuka-2017 no-2019 Phakathi kwamanye amazwe endabuko, umuntu angahlukanisa iMexico, i-Argentina, iNetherlands ne-Austria.
- Ukuba khona emakethe kwenani elikhulu labadlali, ukuhlushwa kwenqwaba yokuthengisa ezandleni zezinkampani eziningana... Sekukonke, kuthengiswa e-Russian Federation izimbewu, abatshali kanye nemishini yokufakelwa kabusha evela kubakhiqizi bangaphandle abangama-167. Noma kunjalo, iningi lokuthengisa liwela kumbuthano omncane wezinkampani. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwe-AB-Center, ama-TOP-5 ama-akhawunti angama-48,8% wakho konke ukuthengisa ngamavelu, TOP-10 - 68,0%, TOP-20 - 89,3% (ngokusho kwemiphumela ka-2018).
- Ukutholakala kohlu olubanzi lwabasabalalisi... Emakethe yaseRussia, ekupheleni kuka-2018, izinkampani zokungenisa zaseRussia ezingama-237 zangenisa lolu hlobo lwemishini. Ngasikhathi sinye, njengabakhiqizi bangaphandle, imakethe igxile ezandleni zabadlali abambalwa kakhulu. Abasabalalisi be-TOP-5 benza i-43,1% yakho konke ukulethwa ngama-value terms (2018), TOP-10 - 59,0%, the TOP-20 - 76,1%.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izinkampani (bona imephu yokunikezela ngenguqulo ephelele yocwaningo) zisabalalisa imishini evela kubakhiqizi abaningana ngasikhathi sinye.
Author: U-Alexey plugov, Ph.D., https://ab-centre.ru/