Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ingqikithi eyinhloko yehlobo lika-2018 kwakuyisinqumo seKhomishini Yezomnotho yase-Yurobhu ekwethulweni kwemisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla inqwaba yabakhiqizi be-herbicides abavela eYurophu.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi abakhiqizi be-herbicides base-Europe bazokhokha imali ekhethekile engamaphesenti angama-28 kuya kwangama-52% yenani lenkambiso lomkhiqizo ngamunye. Lesi sinqumo sizosishintsha kakhulu isimo emakethe yaseRussia yemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo.
Indaba yemisebenzi yaqala ngoZibandlela wezi-2016. Ngemuva kwalokho izinkampani ezine ezivela eRussia, Belarus naseKazakhstan (CJSC Agasti Firm, JSC Shchelkovo Agrokhim, CJSC Agasti-Bel kanye no-Astana-Nan LLP) bafaka isicelo kwi-European Union Union Union ukuthi icele ukwenza uphenyo olungemthetho. Izinkampani lezi zithi ozakwabo baseYurophu bathumela ama-herbicides emazweni e-EAEU (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan kanye ne-Armenia) ngamanani aphansi angenangqondo. Futhi lokhu kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kubakhiqizi bendawo.
Uphenyo luqhubeke cishe unyaka nesigamu. Ngenxa yalokhu, iEurasian Economic Commission yeseka isikhundla sabenzi bezicelo futhi yanquma ngoJuni 30 ukwethula imisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla isikhathi esiyiminyaka emihlanu. Inani lomsebenzi labelwa njengephesenti lenani lamakhemikhali lama-herbicides.
Esinqumweni sawo, i-European Commission Commission nayo ikhombe uhlu lwezinhlobo zemithi yokubulala izitshalo ezingeke yethulwe ngalo:
- ukhula wokubulala ukhula uqukethe i-penoxulam eyodwa esetshenziswayo ekuqoqweni kwamangqamu ka-25 g / l
- ama-herbicides aqukethe isithako esisodwa esisebenzayo i-azimsulfuron ekuxakweni kwamangqamuzana angama-500 g / kg;
- ama-herbicides aqukethe into esebenzayo i-cygalofop-butyl ekuqoqweni kwamangqamuzana ayi-100 g / l kanye ne-penoxulam esebenzayo yezinto ekuqoqekeni kwamangqamuzana ayi-13,33 g / l.
Indawo yokuhlala nezicelo
Abakhiqizi be-Herbicide abavela eRussia, Belarus naseKazakhstan bachaze isinyathelo sabo ngokulahleka komnotho. Imithi yokubulala ukhula eshibhile yakwamanye amazwe iholele ekutheni ngonyaka we-2015 imikhiqizo yasekhaya yehlise isabelo sayo semakethe, yehlisa umkhiqizo, izinkampani zalahlekelwa yinzuzo futhi zaphoqeleka ukuthi zinciphise imisebenzi emabhizinisini azo. Futhi ngo-2016, amabhizinisi asekhaya aphoqeleka ukuthi anciphise amanani entengo yezidakamizwa ngo-12% ukuze ancintisane nemithi yokubulala ukhula eshibhile yaseYurophu.
Abafakizicelo babhekise kwisimo esisodwa esibalulekile: ngentengo eshibhile, ozakwabo abancintisana nabo baseYurophu bathengisa izidakamizwa zabo kuphela emakethe yamazwe e-EAEU. Ezimakethe zabo, le mithi yokubulala ukhula efanayo ibiza imali ephindwe kathathu ngokwesilinganiso. Siyini isizathu sokuphana okungakaze kubonwe kubakhiqizi bezolimo baseRussia?
UVladimir Alginin, uMqondisi oMkhulu weRussian Union Yabakhiqizi Bemikhiqizo Yokuvikela Izitshalo Zamakhemikhali:
- Uphenyo oluzimele olwenziwe yisiphathimandla esifanelekile (i-EEC) lufakazele ukuthi, ngenxa yokungafani okukhulu kwamanani, imboni ye-EAEU yathola umonakalo omkhulu wezinto ezibonakalayo. Umehluko wamanani emakethe yangaphakathi yaseYurophu nemakethe ye-EAEU ifinyelele kuma-300%. Ngokuphathelene nengcindezi yamanani enamandla kangako evela kubakhiqizi baseYurophu, kube nokwehla okuhlelekile kwesabelo sabakhiqizi be-EAEU ekusetshenzisweni okubonakalayo (kanye nokwanda kwesabelo sabakhiqizi baseYurophu), okube nomthelela omubi kakhulu ekusebenzeni komnotho wemboni kanye nentuthuko yayo eqhubekayo.
Abakhiqizi baseYurophu abavumelani ngokuphelele nemiphumela yophenyo, bephikisana nesikhundla sabo ngokungahambisani kahle kwemininingwane yamanani entengo, okuyisici ekubumbeni i-ruble yaseRussia, ukungenisa ama-herbicides avela eChina nezinye izizathu. U-Anton Pushkarev, Umphathi Wezokuxhumana, Syngenta LLC Ekulumeni kwakhe kwiphephandaba "Ukuvikelwa Kwesitshalo" kuphawuliwe:
- Asisiboni isizathu sokwethula umsebenzi wokulwa nokulahlwa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula evela e-EU. Umbiko wemiphumela yophenyo ukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuphenya (2013 - 2016) akukho monakalo ophathekayo kubakhiqizi baseRussia - i-JSC Shchelkovo Agrokhim kanye neZAO Firm August. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwethulwa komsebenzi wokunqanda ukuqhuma kungathinta kabi ukuncintisana komkhakha wezolimo waseRussia.
Kodwa-ke, isinqumo sesenziwe. Umbuzo oyinhloko ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo.
Konke kuzokwenzeka ngo-Agasti. Noma cha?
Ngokwenye yezinguqulo, okudingidwa ochwepheshe bemboni yemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, ukuqaliswa kwesinqumo esamukelwe kungahlehliswa isikhathi esithile. Lokhu kufakazelwa ngokungaqondile yisikhundla soMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia, ophawula ngalesi simo ngokunganaki nangokuqapha. Emhlanganweni wangoJuni wokwethulwa kwezindlela zokulwa nokulahlwa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula engeniswe isuka e-European Union yangena emkhakheni wamasiko e-Eurasian Economic Union, UNgqongqoshe Wezolimo waseRussia uDmitry Patrushev wathi:
- Muva nje, kube nezicelo eziningi ezivela ezinyunyaneni zezimboni kanye nososeshini emkhakheni wezitshalo ezikhulayo ukuhlehlisa ukwethulwa kwalesi silinganiso. Ukugwema ukwenza isinqumo esingalungile nemiphumela emibi, kunesidingo sokubonisana okwengeziwe.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuxoxisana nokuxoxisana kuyaqhubeka, futhi iningi lazo alikakhangiswa. Abakhiqizi baseRussia bakholelwa ukuthi azikho izizathu ezibucayi zokuhlehlisa ukuqaliswa kwesinqumo soMkhandlu WaseYurophu.
UVladimir Alginin, Umqondisi Owengamele weRussian Union Yabakhiqizi Bemikhiqizo Yokuvikela Izitshalo Zamakhemikhali:
- Ukuqhubeka neqiniso lokuthi iqiniso lokulahla umonakalo embonini ye-EAEU kufakazelwe yinhlangano engaphezulu kwamazwe - i-EEC, ukwamukelwa kwenqubo yokulwa nokulahlwa ngohlobo lomsebenzi kuzolungiswa futhi kube semthethweni. Konke ukukhathazeka kwabakhiqizi bezolimo bamazwe e-EAEU maqondana nokwenyuka kwamanani entengo yamakhemikhali okubulala ukhula nokushintshwa kwawo ngamalungiselelo afanayo womkhiqizo wasekhaya kwaqedwa ngokuphelele. Mayelana nalokhu, azikho ezinye izimpikiswano ezibucayi ezivumela ukungathathi lezi zinyathelo zomthetho. Isikhathi sokwethulwa kwemisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla izokwamukelwa kulandela umhlangano woMkhandlu Ophakeme Wezomnotho wase-Eurasia.
Akuyona indaba yesikhathi, kodwa ngemiphumela
Okwamanje, bobabili abasekeli nabaphikisi bokwethula imisebenzi yokulwa nokulahlwa kwempahla bayaqiniseka ukuthi udaba olukhulu akuyona isikhathi sokuqalisa kwesinqumo, kodwa yimiphumela yaso. Abakhiqizi abaphambili abasebenza ngokubulala ukhula sebevele bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ekwakhiweni kwemisebenzi. ISyngenta ne-BASF zamukele ngokuzithandela "izibopho zamanani": bathembisa ukungathathi ivolumu ethile yesidakamizwa futhi basithengise ngentengo engekho ngaphansi kwesilinganiso.
U-Anton Pushkarev, umphathi wezokuxhumana weSyngenta LLC:
- Ngesikhathi kwenziwa uphenyo lokulwa nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kuye kwakheka ubudlelwano obusobala nobusebenzayo phakathi kweSyngenta neKhomishini Yezomnotho yase-Eurasia. Ngenxa yezingxoxo, iSyngenta isayine isibophezelo sentengo ngokuya ngesidingo sokuqinisekisa ukutholakala okungaphazanyiswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula esezingeni eliphakeme ye-EU kubathengi be-EAEU, kanye nokuqinisekisa isikhathi esiguqukayo sokuguquka lapho kuzosebenza khona ukuzibophezela kwethu emkhakheni wezokukhiqiza kwasendaweni.
Ukuzibophezela kwentengo kuzovumela iSyngent ukuthi iqhubeke nokuthengisa ama-herbicides enziwe e-EU emakethe ye-EAEU ngamanani angalimazi imboni yezokukhiqiza kazwelonke futhi ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla.
Ukunyuka kwamanani wemithi yokubulala ukhula ngemuva kokufakwa kwemisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla kukhathaza imakethe kakhulu. Ngokusobala, izintengo zezidakamizwa ezingeniswa ezivela kubahlinzeki baseYurophu (ngaphandle kwe-Syngenta ne-BASF) zizokwenyuka okungenani ngosayizi wemisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla.
Abakhiqizi abaphambili baseRussia, bona, bameme amazwe angamalungu e-EAEU ukuthi enze izivumelwano zokunqanda ukukhula okungenangqondo kwamanani entengo yokubulala ukhula. Lowo mbhalo ususayiniwe kanye neRepublic of Belarus; isivumelwano siyaphothulwa namanye amazwe. Baphinde baxoxe nombono wokusayina izivumelwano nezinyunyana zabaseRussia zokulungisa uhlu lwamanani ale minyaka emihlanu nezinye izindlela.
Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bemakethe bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwamanani ama-herbicides kuzokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezithi abakhiqizi baseRussia bangakwazi ukuba nethonya. Isibonelo, ngenxa yokuthi izithako ezisebenzayo zokukhiqiza ama-herbicides zihlinzekwa zivela eChina. Ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2018 kuphela, ukulethwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezivela eChina kwehle ngo-19%, futhi amanani anda ngamaphesenti angama-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwamukelwa komthetho wokwanda kwe-VAT, ukukhula kwezinye izimali nezindleko kuzoba nomthelela ezindlekweni zama-herbicides enziwe eRussia.
Vikela futhi uvikele
Okwamanje, imisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla ama-herbicides ngisho nakuhlobo lwephepha isivele ithinte imakethe. Futhi leli thonya lihle impela. Abakhiqizi base-Europe baqinisile imizamo yokuthola ukukhiqizwa kwasendaweni eRussia. Khumbula ukuthi iBayer ihlela ukukhiqiza ama-2020% emikhiqizo evikela izitshalo ethengiswa eRussia ngonyaka ka-60 (manje sekukhiqizwe ama-30% kuphela), iSyngenta izothuthukisa ama-2019% ukukhiqizwa kwe-herbicides ngonyaka ka-80, uDuPont ubuye wacabanga ngezitshalo ezintsha eRussia futhi uxoxa nalolu daba Umnyango Wezolimo.
Kubukeka sengathi imisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma isivele isebenza ngezinhloso zomkhakha wemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, ivuselela ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ngaphakathi kweRussia. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imboni ye-SZR yaseRussia imane nje ingenalo ikusasa. Abakhiqizi baseYurophu ngeke bahlale “benomusa” kanjalo kubalimi baseRussia. Amanani abo aphansi namuhla ayisiqhinga sokunqoba izimakethe zangaphandle, ezichazwe kunoma iyiphi incwadi yokuthengisa. Uma ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kungasindi empini yamanani futhi kudlule, kuzokwazi ukukhuphula amanani. Okungenani kuya ezingeni laseYurophu, okungukuthi, kathathu. Noma ngaphezulu. Uma ulawula imakethe, ungabiza noma yimaphi amanani.
Kungakho amazwe amaningi evikela izimakethe zawo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukwethulwa kwemisebenzi. Iqiniso lokuthi abakhiqizi baseRussia bemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo sebehlangene bavikela izintshisekelo zabo ngendlela ephumelelayo bayisibonelo esihle sokulinganisa izimo zokuncintisana okuhle.
UVladimir Alginin, uMqondisi oMkhulu weRussian Union Yabakhiqizi Bemikhiqizo Yokuvikela Izitshalo Zamakhemikhali:
- Ngasohlangothini lwabakhiqizi bezolimo, isimo emakethe ye-herbicide ngeke sishintshe ngokuyisisekelo. Bazophinde banikezwe ngokugcwele ngemithi yasekhaya neyaseYurophu. Ngenxa yokuthi isabelo semithi yokubulala ukhula ezindlekweni zomkhiqizo wokugcina asibalulekile, ukwanda okukhulu kwamanani omkhiqizo akulindelekile.
Ngokwengxenye yabakhiqizi baseYurophu, umugqa we-assortment wama-herbicides uqagela ukuthi uhlale unjalo, ongeke ukhawule ukukhetha kwamahhala kwabathengi.
Izindlela zokulwa nokulahlwa kwezinkampani zaseYurophu ziyisikhuthazo sokukhiqiza ukukhiqizwa kokubulala ukhula emabhizinisini asekhaya ngokusebenzisa ukukhokhisa kanye nokwenziwa kabusha kwasendaweni kukhiqizwe eRussia Federation.
Ngokwengxenye yezimboni yasekhaya, indlela yokulwa nokulahlwa kwempahla izokhipha nezimbangi ezimakethe, nayo ezoba nomthelela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi e-EAEU, ukudala imisebenzi emisha, kanye nokwenyuka kwemali etholwayo ebhajetheni emazingeni ahlukahlukene.
Ukulinganiswa kwezimo zokusebenza zokuncintisana zabakhiqizi baseYurophu nase-Yurobiya kuvula amathuba amasha wokubambisana. Isibonelo, ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-herbicides emabhizinisini asekhaya ngokusebenzisa ukukhokhisa, ukuqhubeka nokwenziwa kokusebenza kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela isitshalo eRussia Federation, ukuhanjiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo emisha yabakhiqizi bezolimo, amaphrojekthi wokucwaninga kanye nentuthuko. Abakhiqizi baseRussia bemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo bakulungele ukuxoxa ngezindlela nangendlela yokubambisana okunjalo nazo zonke izinkampani ezinentshisekelo. Larisa Yuzhaninova.
Source: https://www.agroxxi.ru