Indaba yokuthi izwe lethu libalwa nezihamba phambili emhlabeni ekuhwebeni kokusanhlamvu kuyinto eyaziwayo. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi sihlinzeka amazwe angaphandle ayishumi nambili ngamafutha ethu kabhekilanga nakho akuzona izindaba. Sithengisa ngisho nenyama yenkomo ezimakethe zakwamanye amazwe. Kodwa nali iqiniso lokuthi iRussia yangena emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ... - iqiniso elingalindelekile.
Kuyingozi. Kodwa ngiyafuna
"Okungalindelekile, kodwa kufeziwe," - kusho ochwepheshe be-ejensi yokumaketha u-Roif Expert, owafunda imakethe yama-chips amazambane. Yiqiniso, bathi, ama-chips ethu awakafiki kude kakhulu phesheya, kodwa i-Kazakhstan, i-Belarus, i-Azerbaijan namanye amazwe ase-USSR yangaphambili ayilutha ngokuphelele kubo. Ngenhlanhla, abathengisi bagcizelela, eminyakeni emithathu edlule, ukukhula kokukhiqizwa kwama-chips ezweni kuye kwadlula ngokuphawulekayo ngisho nokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya. Futhi lo mehluko wenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe cishe ngo-10% njalo ngonyaka.
Ngonyaka odlule, ifinyelele cishe ku-20% wesamba sesamba semikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ezweni. Ngokwemibandela yenani, lokhu kungu-USD 75 wezigidi. Ukuze sibe nobulungisa: ama-chips angaphandle nawo angeniswa eRussia. Kepha uma, ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2015 inani lempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lalilingana, khona-ke ngo-2019 izimpahla ezivela phesheya zaba ngaphansi ngokuphindwe kathathu kunokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuvela eRussia.
Kulokhu, i-ledger enemiphumela yocwaningo lomhlaba wonke ingabekwa eceleni. Futhi naka ubungqabavu besimo samanje, esiqashelwa abadayisi besixhumanisi sokuhweba - labo abalandelela ukunyakaza kwabathengi ngqo ezitolo. Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi ukuthengwa kokudla okulula emasontweni amabili "eholide" ephoqelelwe emadolobheni cishe kabili. Futhi ama-chips ayingxenye yeqembu lemikhiqizo yokudla okulula.
Ukudla okulula kuyimikhiqizo yokwanelisa indlala ngokushesha futhi kalula. Zibuye zisize ekudluliseni isikhathi. Kuhlanganisa nalabo asebezihlukanisa bodwa. Lena incazelo yokukhuphuka kwesidingo sabathengi.
Yonke imakethe enkulu ye-snack ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili, futhi amakhulu, - okudla okulula okumnandi nokumnandi. Esokuqala siholwa ama-chips ethu (futhi angabanikazi besabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke emakethe yokudla okulula - cishe ama-30%). Ngemva kwabo kukhona imbewu, amantongomane; ama-crackers anosawoti, utshani, amakhukhi; izinhlanzi, izilwane zasolwandle; amasoseji abhemayo, njll.
Ngokusho kwenkampani yocwaningo i-Market Analytica, ama-chips athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaRussia ama-chips afakwe ushizi. Bakhethwa ngabathengi abangama-36%. Ngokuqhubekayo ngohlelo olwehlayo: ama-chips anokhilimu omuncu namakhambi (14%), ama-chips emvelo anosawoti (12%), no-anyanisi (10%), nobhekeni (8%), ukhilimu omuncu namakhowe (4%). I-3% yabathengi "akunandaba, ngithanda zonke izinhlobo".
Amadoda asukela eminyakeni eyi-18 kuye kwengama-50 anika okuthandwa kakhulu hhayi kuma-chips kuphela, kodwa nakuzo zonke ukudla okulula okunosawoti. Abathengi abakhuthele kakhulu abantu abasha abasuka ku-16 kuya ku-23 ubudala kanye nabantu abaneminyaka ephakathi.
Nakuba iningi labadlayo - u-80% - libheka ama-chips nokunye ukudla okulula okunosawoti njengokungenampilo, bayawathenga noma kunjalo. U-37% uyaphuma ukuze uthole ukudla okulula kanye ngesonto, u-30% - kanye njalo emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu. Kodwa u-10% udla le mikhiqizo nsuku zonke.
Ukuziphindiselela Kompheki Omubi
Umlando we-Culinary wezwe uyazi imikhiqizo eminingi eyazalwa ngenxa yenhlanhla emsulwa. Kwaba njalo ngama-chips.
... Isikhulu somkhumbi, umnikazi womkhumbi omkhulu kunabo bonke Ezweni Elisha, u-Cornelius Vanderbilt, wayehlukaniswa ngomlingiswa wakhe ongenangqondo. Wake wahlala ehhotela elingcono kakhulu edolobheni laseSaratoga Springs futhi wamenyelwa etafuleni ngesikhathi sokudla kwasemini.
Umlando awusho lutho ukuthi yini ngempela ephakelwe isidlo sasemini. Kodwa ngopende uchaza ukunengeka okwadalwa yizambane kusozigidi. Yena, niyabo, wayesikwe ngamaholoholo kakhulu. Isitsha sabuyiselwa ekhishini, kwalethwa esisha. Ukusabela kuyafana: fi, big! .. Futhi okwesithathu - into efanayo ...
Umpheki onebhadi uGeorge Crum wahlukunyezwa ukuze agaye amazambane. Futhi, elungiselela isidlo okwesine, ngokucasuka wanquma izilimo eziyizigaxa zibe tincetu ezincane kakhulu. Wasewathosa emafutheni kwaze kwaba mnandi. Kamuva, uyavuma ukuthi kwaba ukucasulwa - naphezu kokugebenga.
Ukucasulwa kwehlulekile. UVanderbilt ujabulile ngesitsha esisha. Futhi ngangi-oda izingcezu zamazambane (ngesiNgisi - chips) ngaso sonke isikhathi engangihlala ehhotela. Isitsha esisha saqanjwa ngokuthi "Saratoga Chips" futhi saba igama lomkhiqizo.
Kwenzeka ngo-1853. Futhi ngokushesha uKrum wavula eyakhe indawo yokudlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-chips ayengathengiswa kuwo; amazambane athosiwe ayengabuthiswa kuphela etafuleni. Lesi sidlo saduma phakathi kwe-American beau monde futhi sangena kumamenyu wezindawo zokudlela ezisemfashinini e-United States.
Ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kuphela lapho amazambane aluhlaza aphuma emgwaqweni. Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kamuva, kuma-20s ekhulwini elidlule, wawela umngcele we-United States futhi waya "emhlabeni."
ESoviet Union, ama-chips avele ngo-1963. Ukukhiqizwa kwasungulwa eMoscow ebhizinisini i-Mospishchekombinat No. 1. Umkhiqizo wawubizwa ngokuthi "amazambane ama-Crisp (ngezingcezu). eMoscow". Yakhiqizwa ifakwe emasakeni angama-50 amagremu kanye nenani lama-kopecks ayi-10. Ezifundazweni, ngisho nasemadolobheni amakhulu esifunda, akuzange kukhiqizwe lutho olunjalo. Ngakho-ke, isikhwama samazambane ama-crispy kwakuyisipho esihle saseMoscow. Noma kunamafutha kakhulu.
Akubanga ngenhlanhla ukuthi ngikhumbule amafutha. Manje enye yezinkampani ikhiqiza i-Moskovskaya kartoshka, ibambelela ku-recipe yakudala yaseSoviet, kodwa yenza izinguquko ezithile kwinqubo yezobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kwaqeda uwoyela oweqile emkhiqizweni wokugcina.
Futhi ukujwayelana kokuqala kweRussia ngama-chips enziwe kwamanye amazwe kwenzeka maphakathi nawo-1990. Kumelwe sivume: izwe lonke, kusukela kwabancane kuya kwabakhulu, linamathele kubo. Naphezu kokuthi imiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi yayaziwa kakade, eyaqaphela lo mkhiqizo njengokudla okungenamsoco (ukudla okungenamsoco - "ukudla kukadoti").
Inhloso ekhethekile amazambane
Indlela evamile yokwenza ama-chips, njengaseminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu nesigamu edlule, iwukuthosa izingcezu zamazambane aluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, manje ivame ukushintshwa ngezimpahla ezibhakiwe. Kunoma yikuphi, ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba amazambane ajwayelekile etafuleni awafaneleki ama-chips.
Abafuyi bakhiqize izinhlobo zama-chips amazambane akhethekile. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zakhe kufanele ziminyene, zibe nobuso obuyisicaba futhi obuyindilinga. Uhlu lwezidingo eziphoqelekile lwaze lwachaza ukuthi amehlo alo kufanele abe yini - angashoni, ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokuhlanza. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kufanele futhi kuhluke: okuqukethwe ushukela ophansi kanye nokuqukethwe okuqinile okuphezulu.
Kule minyaka eyishumi nanhlanu edlule, kuvele izinhlobo ezintsha nama-hybrids, hhayi nje angaphandle kuphela, kodwa nokukhethwa kwasekhaya. Futhi namuhla kwabelwe izindawo eziningi zokutshala ama-chips amazambane eRussia. Kangangokuthi imvamisa ukuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo emisha yezitshalo kudlula isidingo sayo esivela ezinkampanini ezilungisayo. Khona-ke ama-chips amazambane angena ekuhwebeni okudayisa ngokulingana ne-canteen.
Ngokwezindinganiso zabakhiqizi abaningi, amafutha okuthosa akufanele anikeze iphunga elimnandi kumkhiqizo ophelile. Ngakho-ke, amafutha esundu noma wesoya asetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ama-premium chips - umnqumo. Ngemuva kokuthosa, ama-chips omisiwe, afakwe usawoti, afafazwe futhi ahlanganiswe.
Enye indlela yokukhiqiza ukubumba. Kusuka enhlama yamazambane, efakwe ufulawa wokusanhlamvu, isitashi, usawoti, amapuleti amancane akhiwa - ayisicaba noma athosiwe, athosiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunambitheka kwamazambane okuthosiwe kulahleka cishe, ngakho-ke, ama-flavour avame ukungeniswa kuma-chips anjalo. Futhi ukuze "ama-aromas" angashabalali noma kuphi, i-monosodium glutamate yengezwa - isithuthukisi esidumile nesisetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni.
Enye indlela yokukhiqiza ama-chips akhukhumele. Zenziwa futhi "ngesitashi". Kodwa ukunambitheka kwayo akuzwakali. Futhi izithasiselo ezimbalwa ziyadingeka ukuze kunambitheke la ma-chips. EYurophu manje bakhetha lolu hlobo oluthile. E-Russia, noma kunjalo, ama-chips anjalo asesemngceleni wokunakwa kwabathengi. Ukulahla ama-chips uma eseba ukudla cishe kwansuku zonke akulula. Ukuncika kuzo kufana ne-narcotic - lokhu kwafakazelwa ososayensi baseJalimane. Kodwa akekho osabike ukuthi "ungacisha kanjani ubuchopho" ekusetshenzisweni okungalawulwa kokudla okungenamsoco.