Ngaphakathi kohlaka lweFederal Scientific and Technical Programme (i-FNTP), abalimi baseRussia basungula izinhlobo ezintsha zebhonetri zikashukela ezincintisanayo. Lolu hlelo luhanjelwe yinkampani yakwaSoyuzSemSvekla, ehlanganise ongoti abavela eShchelkovo Agrokhim naseRusAgro, kanye nezikhungo zesayensi zoMnyango Wezemfundo neSayensi yaseRussia. Ngo-2025, kuzokwakhiwa izinhlobo ezintsha ezingaphezu kuka-40, kusho uShchelkovo Agrokhim.
Ama-nzalo amasha we-sugar beet asevele enziwe, abhaliswe kwirejista yombuso; ekupheleni kuka-13, kuzothunyelwa ezinye izinhlobo eziyimbewu engu-2021-18 ukuze zibhaliswe (njengamanje ziyahlolwa). Zonke zidalwe ngesisekelo sokuzwela okuphansi kwezimpande zokubola, isomiso kanye nesifo seshukela esivela kakhulu - i-cercosporosis, ”kusho uSalis Karakotov, umqondisi jikelele we-Shchelkovo Agrokhim.
Ucacise ukuthi izinhlobo ezintsha ziyamelana nezikhathi eziyishumi ukumelana nokubola kwezimpande kunakwamanye amazwe. “Zineqoqo elithile lezakhi zofuzo ezakha ukumelana nokwenziwa kwama-pathogenic pathogen: isikhunta namagciwane. Uma iphesenti lezitshalo eziyimpande ezibolile kwihektha ngalinye phakathi “kwabokufika” laliyi-10% nangaphezulu kulo nyaka, khona-ke elethu lalinenkomba ka-10%, ”kusho uKarakotov.
Ukuvunwa kwezinhlamvu ezintsha zezinhlamvu zikashukela waseRussia kuzophinde kufane kakhulu ngosayizi wezithelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo esisha "iShchelkovo Agrokhim" sizovumela izimbewu zokuthambisa (njengoba kwenza abakhiqizi bangaphandle) - ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ngezixazululo ezikhethekile ezakha igobolondo eliqinile lembewu, ukuze kuhlwanyelwe ngakunye hhayi ngobuningi - lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko.
Njengoba uMnyango Wezemfundo Nesayensi yaseRussia ukugcizelele, ukufaka okungenisiwe emkhakheni wokudla kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezwe. "Enye yezindlela zokunciphisa ukuncika kwezimboni zethu kwezolimo nokukhulisa ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo yezolimo yasekhaya ukuqaliswa koMnyango wezeMfundo neSayensi kanye noMnyango wezoLimo ngenqubomgomo yezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ezakhiweni zezimboni zezolimo, izinyathelo ezinikeza umfutho ekudlulisweni kobuchwepheshe bezolimo basekhaya emkhakheni wangempela wezomnotho," kusho umqondisi womnyango wokuxhumanisa imisebenzi yezinhlangano emkhakheni wezolimo. Isayensi Yezolimo Umnyango Wezemfundo uVugar Bagirov.
Ngokusho kwakhe, ngenxa yocwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo, imbewu yasekhaya ibonakale ishibhile kaningana kunaleyo engenisiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, zivumelaniswa kangcono nezimo zezulu zaseRussia (ezinokumelana nesomiso) futhi azinakekeli ekunakekelweni, zilinganiswe, aziboli. Ukuvela kwembewu enjalo yokukhethwa kwasekhaya kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukuncika kwebhizinisi lezolimo embewini engenisiwe.
"Okuhlangenwe nakho kuka-2020 kukhombisile ukuthi ama-analogs angenisiwe ezimweni zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu aphansi kakhulu kunenzalo yasekhaya ngokwezici zekhwalithi yazo," kugcizelela uBagirov. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wengeza, abathengi bezimbewu ezikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwe-FNTP bangathola uxhaso oluvela kuhulumeni ukukhokhela kuze kufike kuma-70% wezindleko.
U-Olesya Afanasyeva, inhloko yegatsha laseChuvash le-Agroanalytics Centre, uqaphele ukuthi minyaka yonke, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingesihle, abezolimo balahlekelwa yingxenye yesivuno sabo. Esikhathini samanje, abalimi beet beet engxenyeni eseYurophu Ephakathi eRussia baphawula ukwenzeka okubanzi kwe-fusarium kanye ne-aphanomycete izimpande ezibolile ezibangelwa izimvula nomswakama omningi ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokukhula kwama-beet kashukela, okuthinta kabi ukwakheka komkhiqizo, futhi okuholela ezinkingeni zokugcina izitshalo zezimpande. Abalimi engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe, kunalokho, baphawula ukungabi khona komswakama emhlabathini ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okushisa komoya, okwaholela ekuqaleni kokuvuna kamuva. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 19, ngokujwayelekile, ama-74,3% ama-beet ashukela ahlwanyelwe eRussia, isivuno esilinganiselwe singama-360,3 c / ha, esingaphansi ngo-19,5% kunenani lanyakenye.
"Ngakho-ke, ukwenziwa kwezinhlamvu ezifuywayo zasekhaya, kucatshangelwa izindawo nezimo zezwe, kufanele kuholele ekwehleni kokuncika kwesivuno ezimweni ezimbi zezulu, ezizosebenza njengabasizi abakhulu kubalimi futhi okuzoba yinto ebalulekile ekwandiseni ukuvikeleka kokudla," kugcizelela u-Afanasyeva.
Ngo-2025, izimbewu zikashukela ezifuywayo kufanele zibe yingxenye yesine yemakethe, kusho i-FNTP. Ngokusho kukaShchelkovo Agrokhim noRusAgro, le njongo ifinyeleleka impela, yize abanye ochwepheshe beyithatha njengeyokuvelela kakhulu. "Ukuze kutholakale ama-25% emakethe, izinhlobo ezifuywayo zokufuya ezifuywayo kufanele zibe neqoqo lezimpawu zomnotho ezibaluleke kangako ezizoqinisekisa ukuthi zihlukile futhi ziyancintisana, futhi zinikezwe nabakhiqizi bezolimo ngentengo enhle kakhulu," kusho uNadezhda Dolmatova, umphathi weHSE Technology Transfer Center.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba abakhiqizi besho, ngonyaka ozayo, izinhlobo ezifuywayo zasekhaya zingangena ku-10% wemakethe yaseRussia. Imbewu yabo isivele ifikile esikhungweni sedragee saseSchelkovo Agrokhim futhi isilungele ukuthengiswa. Isikhathi sokutholwa kwembewu sizoqala ngoNovemba size siphele ngo-Ephreli.