Igatsha leRosselkhoztsentr eKomi Republic lixwayisa ngengozi yokusabalala kwamazambane abola ngonyaka. Lesi yisifo esiyingozi esingaqothula kuze kufike ku-45% wesitshalo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala.
I-agent ebangela lesi sifo ibhaktheriya eliyingozi lohlobo lweCorynebacterium sepedonicum (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Sepedonicum).
Lesi sifo sithinta amaqabunga, iziqu, izitofu kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ukubuna kwezitshalo kuqala ukuvela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi kuqhubeke kuze kuphele isikhathi sokukhula. Akubona bonke abangabuna esihlahleni samazambane, kepha yiziqu ezi-1-2 kuphela. Ekusikeni kwesiqu, ukuphuzi noma ukwenza mnyama kwemikhumbi kuyabonakala.
Esimweni sezulu esomile, izitshalo ezigulayo ziyabuna ngokushesha, izilimo eziyizigaxa azitheleleki kangako ekubukekeni, ngenxa yesimo esifihlekile sokutheleleka, kanti eminyakeni emanzi ngamazinga okushisa alinganiselayo, lesi sitshalo sibuna kancane, kanti umonakalo kwizilimo eziyizigaxa uyanda.
Kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngendlela yezindandatho nokubola. Ngokubola kwendandatho, i-necrosis yemithambo yendandatho iyabonakala, lapho icindezelwa, kuvela i-exudate ephuzi ephuzi. Ngokubola okuboshiwe, izindawo ezinamafutha anokhilimu akhiwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba se-tuber, esanda ngosayizi ngesikhathi sokugcina.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezigulayo ziwumthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka.
I-pathogen ayilali emhlabathini, kepha ingaqhubeka kudoti wezitshalo.
Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngesikhathi sokuvuna: amabhaktheriya adluliselwa kalula ngemimese lapho kusikwa izilimo eziyizigaxa, ngomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini ovela kumathuluzi ezolimo.
Indlela enembile kunazo zonke yokuthola ukubola kwendandatho ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-polymer chain reaction (PCR).
Izinyathelo zokulawula eziyisisekelo
Awekho amakhemikhali wokulwa nokubola kwendandatho.
Izinyathelo ze-Agrotechnical:
• Izinto zokutshala ezinempilo
• Ukuhambisana nokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo.
• Ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo ezingazweli.
• Ukususwa kwezitshalo ezinesifo ngenkathi yokukhula
• Ukufudumeza imbewu amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ezingeni lokushisa lama-2-3 degrees ngaphambi kokugcinwa noma ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokugcina ukuze kutholakale izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinesifo.
• Ukugunda ngesikhathi esifanele nokususwa kwe-haulm.
• Ukulungiswa okuphelele nokubulala amagciwane esitokisini samazambane ngaphambi kokubeka izilimo eziyizigaxa.