Anastasia Borovkova, Ph.D. s.-x. Sci., Umphathi Wokuthuthukiswa Kwebhizinisi Lezolimo, i-Omia Ural LLC
Roman Semkov, imenenja yezobuchwepheshe, Omia Ural LLC
Izimo zezulu ezinzima ehlobo lika-2021 azikwazanga kodwa zithinte imiphumela yesizini. Ngokusho kwe-Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants (Potato Union), isivuno eRussia kulo nyaka singaphansi kuka-15-20% kunonyaka odlule. Kodwa inkinga ayikho kuphela ekunciphiseni umthamo wokuqoqwa: emapulazini amaningi, ukwehla kwekhwalithi yezohwebo yemikhiqizo kuyaphawulwa. Amazambane amakhulu anobubanzi obungu-55+ mm, obekade ebalelwa ku-80% wesivuno, manje asikho ngaphezu kwama-50%. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthengisa imikhiqizo engahlangabezani nezinga lamaketanga okuthengisa, futhi imali engenayo ekuthengisweni kwayo incane.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje, noma yiziphi izindlela zokwandisa isivuno sezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu zizosebenza ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwamapulazi amazambane, ikakhulukazi njengoba uhlu lwezindlela zokulawula le nkomba lunomkhawulo. Esinye sezixazululo ezingenzeka ukunaka imikhiqizo emisha esanda kungena emakethe yaseRussia, ukuyifaka kubuchwepheshe, ukwandisa isivuno kusuka
ihektha ngalinye.
Esikhathini esibucayi sokulima sika-2021, sibe nethuba lokuhlola umphumela wokulungiselela okusha waseSwitzerland u-Omia Calcipril, umanyolo oqabulayo wenhlabathi oyimbudumbudu owenziwe ngempushana enziwe nge-micronized (groundly) ye-calcium carbonate ehlanzekile yemvelo. Umuthi unokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-calcium ehlanzekile - 38%. Esitshalweni, kungumanyolo, futhi emhlabathini kuyi-normalizer ye-acidity, umphumela ophindwe kabili unomphumela omuhle ekuvunweni nasekwakhekeni kwesitshalo samazambane.
Kunombono wokuthi amazambane awadingi i-liming, ukuthi ingathinta kabi izinga lezilimo eziyizigaxa futhi iholele ekunqotshweni kwabo ngoqweqwe oluvamile. Amazambane ayingxenye yezitshalo ezingezwani ne-acidity yenhlabathi futhi angakhula ku-pH ebanzi, kodwa kanye nezaqathi, itafula kanye ne-sugar beet, ayidinga kakhulu i-calcium ne-magnesium eyanele emhlabathini. Ukususwa kwalezi zakhi ngokuvunwa kwamazambane yilokhu: 3-4 kg Ca/t, 1,1 kg Mg/t. I-calcium leaching isuka ku-50 kuya ku-350 kg/ha ngonyaka.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo ahlanzwe kakhulu futhi ane-micronized Omia Calcipril e-Melagro LLC, esifundeni sase-Vladimir, kufakazele ukusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu. Esivivinyweni, u-400 kg/ha wokulungiselela wasetshenziswa ngokungahleliwe ngaphambi kokutshala, kwase kugaywa nokutshala kwenziwa.
Ithebula 1 libonisa imiphumela yokuqhathanisa. Isivuno senyuke ngo-7,5 t/ha noma ngo-19,1%. Izindleko zokuvuna okwengeziwe zingaphezu kwezindleko zokusebenzisa umuthi. Sigcizelela ukuthi okwamanje ukuthengwa kwe-Omia Calcipril kuxhaswe nguhulumeni ngaphansi kohlelo "I-Lime of soils" (isinxephezelo sezindleko ezivela ku-50%), okuvumela amapulazi ukuba athole izinzuzo ezengeziwe.
Isivuno sandile ngenxa yokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwengxenyana enkulu. Emkhiwaneni. U-1 no-2 ubonisa ukuthi u-Omya Calcipril wawulawula kanjani ukukhishwa kwengxenyana emahhadla. Ngakho, isivuno sengxenye engu-60 mm siphindwe kabili, futhi isivuno sengxenye engu-50-60 mm senyuke ngo-28,1%.
Cishe yonke isistimu yezimpande (kufika ku-95%) itholakala endaweni yokulima, ngakho-ke amazambane afuna ukuzala komhlabathi futhi aphendule kahle kubuchwepheshe bezolimo. Isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yaso kuncike ngokuqondile ezimweni ezidalwe ku-ridge, yingakho kusemandleni ethu, ngokugcwalisa ngokunengqondo indawo yokuhlala yesiko, ukuthola ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kwe-agronomic kanye nezomnotho.