Kulezi zinkathi zonyaka ezimbili ezedlule, amanani entengo yamazambane etafula eRussia ahlala esezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. Abalimi bamazambane kufanele benzeni kulesi simo? Funa amathuba okuthola iholo elizinzile.
"Njengomphathi wepulazi, nginomsebenzi wokuphothula inkontileka yokuhlinzekwa kwe-90, noma okungcono no-99% wevolumu yesivuno esizayo, ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi wasensimini yasentwasahlobo," kusho uDmitry Kabanov, umqondisi wenhlangano. I-AgroAlliance-NN LLC. “Akukho nelilodwa ibhizinisi namuhla elingakukhokhela ukuthi ukhulise imikhiqizo ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso sembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali, “ngenhlanhla nje.”
Ngo-2023, inkampani yazama isandla sayo ekukhiqizeni amazambane ukuze acutshungulwe, eyagunyazwa umkhiqizi omkhulu wama-chip eRussia, uFrito Lay Manufacturing LLC. Le phrojekthi yaba isilingo kuwo wonke amaqembu: kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ipulazi lalingenalo ulwazi lokusebenza ngezinhlobo ze-chip, futhi ibhizinisi lokucubungula lalingenabo abakhiqizi abasebenzisana nabo bezinto zokusetshenziswa esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod.
Ukuhlolwa futhi kwasekelwa inkampani yembewu i-NORIKA-SLAVIA, umkhiqizi wemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo LLC Firm "August", umphakeli wezixazululo zokulima okunembayo LLC "Metos", umphakeli wemishini yokutshala nokuvuna amazambane LLC Inkampani "Agrotrade " kanye nomphakeli wezinto zokuchelela i-LLC "Potential". Umagazini wethu usuvele ukhulume ngezigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho ngaphambili ("I-Potato System" No. 2 no-3, 2023). Ikwindla yisikhathi sokuthatha isitoko.
Masikhumbule ukuthi indawo yokuhlola yezinhlobo ezikhulayo zokucutshungulwa yayithatha amahektha ayisithupha kuphela. Yayinezinhlobo eziyisithupha: ezintathu (iBonus, Kibitz kanye nePirol) zikhethwe yi-NORIKA, ezintathu (BP 808, Newton, Lady Claire) zanikezwa inkampani elungisayo.
Isimo sezulu esifundeni sasePerevozsky, lapho ipulazi likhona, sasivuna ukuthola isivuno esihle. Umphathi we-AgroAlliance-NN uyaphawula: “Inkathi yonyaka ayikaze ibe yinhle, kodwa azikho izinkinga ezinkulu.” Sitshala amazambane ngaphansi kokunisela futhi sinqobe isomiso. Izikhukhula nazo zagwenywa. Amakhilomitha angu-100 ukusuka kithi, amasimu ayegcwele amanzi, kodwa izakhi zasidlula. Kodwa isimo ngokwaso sasenza sacabanga ngesidingo sokusebenza ngeshizolo njalo ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-coefficient yokuhlunga kwenhlabathi.”
Ozakwethu babe usizo kakhulu ekusebenzeni kuphrojekthi. “Bengikuthanda kakhulu ukuthi njalo emasontweni amabili phakathi nesizini kufika omele ikhasimende kithina, futhi sindawonye sizungeza iziza, sivula indlela eya kumphumela omuhle. Sabuka indlela izitshalo ezikhula ngayo, ukuthi isivuno sasivuthwa kanjani,” kukhumbula uDmitry Kabanov. “Umxhumanisi wethu wayeqondisa ishumi nambili labakhiqizi abafanayo bezolimo, wayazi kahle ngezici zezinhlobonhlobo ezitshalwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene - esihlabathini noma enhlabathini emnyama, ekushiseni noma ngenkathi yezimvula - futhi ngokuzithandela wahlanganyela nathi lolu lwazi. Bekuwumkhuba owusizo kakhulu."
Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, ipulazi lathola ukwaziswa kokuthi lesi sitshalo sizokwamukela wonke umthamo wezinto ezingavuthiwe esizikhule ngokushesha “ezivela ensimini.” Ngokuncoma komphathi wezolimo wekhasimende, ipulazi lenze ukuchelela okuningana okwengeziwe (15-20 mm lilinye), okubambe iqhaza ekwandeni kwengxenyana ye-tuber. Ukuze kulondolozwe iziqongo isikhathi eside, ummeleli weNkampani ka-August wengeze omunye umuthi wokubulala isikhunta ohlelweni lokuvikela.
Ukuhlanza kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-September, cishe esimweni sezulu esikahle. Izinkomba zokukhiqiza, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, zazisukela ku-30 kuya ku-52 t/ha.
Amazambane athunyelwa esitshalweni ngokuqondile esuka ensimini, amathani angama-60 ngosuku. Kwathunyelwa amathani angama-240 ukuze acutshungulwe. “Sikwazile ukuvuna nokuthumela amazambane anenani elincane lomonakalo, ngenxa yalokhu sithole inani eliphambili lazo zonke izinhlobo eziyisithupha,” kuphawula inhloko yepulazi.
Umphumela wawuhloniphekile, nakuba ngokombono kaDmitry Kabanov, ubuchwepheshe busadinga umsebenzi onzima. “Kuwo wonke umkhiqizi, ngisho nonamava kakhulu, uhlobo olusha luyizinga lokuqala lolwazi. Kuze kube yilapho uzama ngesenzo, ngeke uqonde ukuthi ungawuthola kanjani umphumela omkhulu,” kuchaza uchwepheshe umbono wakhe. – Kudingeka uqonde ukuthi mangaki ama-tubers okufanele uwatshale ehektheleni ngalinye, ekujuleni kangakanani, ukulungisa ukuchelela. Wonke lawa ma-nuances azothatha omunye unyaka noma emibili, futhi kungaleso sikhathi kuphela esingalindela ukuthi ngosizo lwakho lolu hlobo luzokwazi ukukhombisa ngokugcwele amandla abekwe ngumfuyi. "
Ngonyaka ozayo, i-AgroAlliance-NN LLC ihlela ukwaba amahektha angama-47 ukuze kutshalwe izinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza ama-chips. Le ndawo izosetshenziswa izinhlobonhlobo ze-VR-808, lapho izimo zokulima ziphenduke zaba ngcono kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ipulazi lizoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwembewu, okuhlala kuwumsebenzi walo oyinhloko.
Ngokunokwenzeka, ipulazi lilungiselela ukubeka ingxenye yamazambane akhiqizwayo ukuze agaywe ukuze agcinwe, futhi lokhu kuwumsebenzi onzima. “Ukugcina ama-chips amazambane kuyindaba ehlukile; imikhiqizo izodinga ukwelashwa ngama-growth inhibitors. Amazambane anjalo angeke abe ekamelweni elilodwa nembewu yamazambane, okusho ukuthi kuzodingeka enye indawo yokugcina,” kuchaza umphathi wepulazi, kodwa uyaqiniseka ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele, ngoba izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifika kulesi sitshalo ebusika nasentwasahlobo zitholakala. yamukelwe ngentengo ephezulu.
"Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuzinza, okushoda kakhulu emakethe namuhla," kufingqa uDmitry Kabanov. - Futhi ngifisa abakhiqizi bezolimo bathole ukuzinza: ukusebenza ngama-oda athile ngentengo eqondakalayo, ngemibandela evumayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imikhiqizo etholwa abalimi ngobunzima obunjalo idingeke, futhi abakhiqizi babo bathole imali enhle futhi bathuthuke ngalezi zimali.”
U-Alexey Radkov, umphathi wezolimo, uFrito Lay Manufacturing LLC
- Iphrojekthi yokutshala amazambane e-chip esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod ngesisekelo sepulazi le-AgroAlliance-NN yaqedwa ngo-2023.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala amazambane ama-chips buhlanganisa ukwenza isethi ephelele yemisebenzi, okuhlanganisa ukulungisa umhlabathi, ukuvundisa, ukutshala, ukuchelela, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo kanye nokuvuna. Uma zonke lezi zigaba zilandelwa, isilinganiso sesivuno samazambane lapho sithunyelwa sisuka ensimini kuzo zonke izinhlobo zephrojekthi sasingu-41,6 t/ha, futhi esiphezulu sasingu-52 t/ha. Lezi zibalo ziphakeme kakhulu kunesilinganiso sikazwelonke phakathi kwabahlinzeki bamachip amazambane.
Izinga elimaphakathi lama-chips atholwe ngokucubungula zonke izinhlobo nalo lalingaphezulu kwesilinganiso saseRussia futhi lafinyelela ku-4,2%.
Ukufingqa, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod sikulungele ukutshala amazambane ukuze acutshungulwe abe ama-chips. Udinga nje ukulandela yonke imithetho yokusebenza. Izinhlelo zika-2024 zifaka ukukhulisa indawo yokutshala nokuthunyelwa kwamazambane kusuka ensimini nangemuva kokugcinwa.
Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi lesi sitshalo simema abanye abakhiqizi bamazambane abavela esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod nakwezinye izifunda zaseRussia ukuba babambisane. Izidingo zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ziphezulu kakhulu, kodwa zingenzeka.
Le nkampani yamukela amazambane ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethekile nge-caliber kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-90 mm, ngaphandle kokulimala komshini kanye nokukhubazeka kwangaphakathi, ukuhlaza, ngendlela egeziwe.
Ukunikezwa kwemikhiqizo egeziwe kuyazuzisa, okokuqala, kumkhiqizi wezolimo ngokwakhe: amazambane angcolile kunzima ukuwahlunga, kodwa uma inhlabathi ikhukhulwa, izinkinga zezilimo eziyizigaxa zibonakala kakhulu, kulula ukwenqaba futhi zinikeze. ukucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa zesigaba esiphezulu, okukhokhwa amabhonasi.
Imikhiqizo ihlinzekwa esitshalweni unyaka wonke, futhi isikhathi ngasinye sinenani laso. Isitoreji samazambane senziwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa ochwepheshe bethu.
Lesi sikhungo sizibophezele ekusebenzisaneni okunezithelo kwesikhathi eside nabahlinzeki bezinto zokusetshenziswa ngemibandela ezuzisayo kubo bonke abathintekayo!
U-Alexander Sukhov, inhloko yomnyango wezolimo we-NORIKA-SLAVIA LLC
- Inkampani yethu ibambe iqhaza kulo msebenzi ngokuhlinzeka ngembewu yezinhlobo ezintathu ze-NORIKA ezisetshenziselwa ukucubungula zibe ama-chips: BONUS, KIBITS kanye ne-PIROLE.
Ziyaziwa emakethe yasekhaya, ziye zahlolwa ezifundeni ezihlukene zezwe, zibonisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, kuhlanganise nezimo ezinzima zaseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Russia naseSiberia (amazambane alezi zinhlobonhlobo asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwama-chips emabhizinisini kulezi zimo. izifunda). Kwakujabulisa ukubona ukuthi bazobonisa kanjani izimfanelo zabo esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod, beqhudelana nezinhlobo ezithuthuke kakhulu zokucubungula ezivela kwabanye abalimi.
Ngokubona kwami, ukuhlola kube yimpumelelo, ngisho noma izinhlobo zethu zingazange zibe abaholi ekuvuneni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isivuno siyindlela eyodwa kuphela yenani, nginesiqiniseko sokuthi bonke abalimi bamazambane bakuqonda kahle lokhu; akukhona nje ukuqondana ukuthi amapulazi avame ukuba nezinhlobo eziningana emgqeni wabo wezinhlobonhlobo. Kumaphrosesa, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ubuningi besivuno, kodwa futhi nethuba lokulicubungula libe ngama-chips aphezulu, i.e. okuqukethwe kwento eyomile, ukunciphisa ushukela nezinye izinkomba zekhwalithi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-KIBITS, ngokwesibonelo, zibonakala ngokuzinza okumangalisayo kushukela kuso sonke isikhathi sokugcina; izilimo eziyizigaxa zilungele ukucutshungulwa "ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo" kuze kube yihlobo elizayo.
Ngicabanga ukuthi kungaba usizo kakhulu ukuzama zonke izinhlobo ngokuthosa ngezikhathi ezahlukene: hhayi ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna, kodwa futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokugcina amazambane. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola izici ezinenjongo kakhulu “zesihloko sokuhlola” ngasinye, futhi kwabanye, kungasiza ukwenza ngendlela efanele umthumeli wezinhlobonhlobo. Kodwa lokhu kuyisifiso sekusasa; ifomethi yamanje ayizange inikeze umsebenzi onjalo.
Ngingasho ukuthi umphumela oyinhloko wale phrojekthi yiqiniso lokuthi ipulazi lithole isivuno esihle kakhulu, elizuze ukunconywa okukhulu yikhasimende.
Kungenzeka ukuthi, ngokusekelwe kulo mphumela, amanye amabhizinisi esifundeni azokhetha indlela ethembisayo yokukhiqiza amazambane ukuze acutshungulwe.
Sizokujabulela ukunikeza iseluleko kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqala ukusebenza ngezinhlobo zethu.
UDmitry Dergunov, umphathi-uchwepheshe we-JSC Firm "August"
– Ochwepheshe bethu benze uhlelo olubanzi lokuvikela lwale phrojekthi besebenzisa imikhiqizo yenkampani ka-August. Lapho sicabanga ngesu lokuvikela, sicabangele izinkinga eziyinhloko abalimi bamazambane enkabeni yeRussia abavame ukubhekana nazo, futhi-ke, bacabangela izici zezinhlobonhlobo ezitshaliwe (ikakhulukazi, ngokwazi ukuthi izinhlobo ze-chip ziyazwela emiphumeleni ye-chip). metribuzin, sifake ohlelweni i-Kamelot yokubulala ukhula, enento ehlukile esebenzayo).
Uhlelo luhlinzekelwe izindlela zokwelapha eziyi-12 (okubandakanya nokwelashwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngesibulala-magciwane ngaphambi kokutshala), empeleni kwenziwa eziyi-11 (ukwelashwa okwengeziwe nge-fungicide kwanezelwa, ngoba umsebenzi wawusethelwe ukugcina iziqongo isikhathi eside, kuyilapho ipulazi ulahle ukwelashwa okubili ngama-desiccants).
Phakathi nesizini, asizange sirekhode izinkinga ezinkulu (izimpawu zezifo, ukuba khona kwezinambuzane) ezindaweni zokuhlola; ipulazi lithole isivuno esihle semikhiqizo yezinga eliphezulu. Ngesizini ezayo, sincoma ukuthi ibhizinisi lithembele esikimini esifanayo (ngokulungiswa okuncane kochwepheshe).
UDmitry Nikiforov, uMqondisi Jikelele we-Metos LLC
– Inkampani ye-Metos yajoyina iphrojekthi ngokuhlinzeka ipulazi le-AgroAlliance-NN isethi yeziteshi zesimo sezulu ukuze kuqashwe ibhalansi yamanzi kanye nomswakama otholakalayo emhlabathini.
Ngeshwa, samenywa ukuba sihlanganyele sekwephuzile kakhulu; isiteshi sezulu epulazini safakwa ngoJulayi 27 kuphela, futhi izinto zokusebenza kufanele ngabe zasetshenziswa kusukela ngoMeyi. Amathuba amaningi (isibonelo, ekubaleni ukufakwa kukamanyolo ngendlela efanele, izimo zokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo; ukunquma izimo ezivumela ukuvela kwezifo) aphuthelwe.
Noma kunjalo, sikwazile ukuqedela imisebenzi ethile yokuqapha.
Ngokuvamile, ngikholelwa ukuthi amaphrojekthi anjalo adingeka kakhulu. Izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene emakethe yezolimo zidinga ukuqhubekela phambili ekuhlanganiseni imizamo. Ngokubambisana singakhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ubuchwepheshe besimanje ngendlela ye-ecosystem buvumela kanjani amapulazi ukuthi athole imiphumela eqinisekisiwe yezomnotho.