Amazambane angenye yezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu e-Uzbekistan. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanelekile ukunakwa ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi lezolimo elinenzuzo. Isemina "Ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo bamazambane" obubanjelwe esifundeni saseBustanlik esifundeni saseTashkent besinikelwe kulesi sihloko.
Yayihlelwe nguMnyango Wezolimo weRiphabhulikhi yase-Uzbekistan, i-Association of Potato Growers kanye ne-AGROVER LLC - umholi wemakethe ekukhiqizeni ukudla (itafula) namazambane embewu, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa okuphelele, kubika iNuz.uz.
Amaqiniso namathemba okuthuthukiswa kwamazambane akhula e-Uzbekistan
Amathani amazambane angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-156 akhiqizwa emazweni ayi-376,9 omhlaba. I-Uzbekistan isendaweni yama-23 kula mazwe. Abakhiqizi abakhulu kunabo bonke yiChina, India, Russia, Ukraine, USA, Germany, Bangladesh, Poland, France kanye neNetherlands.
Ngo-2020, kwatshalwa amathani amazambane ayizigidi ezi-2,9 e-Uzbekistan kuzo zonke izigaba zamapulazi ezweni lonke, lapho amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,5 awela emapulazini nakumabhizinisi ezolimo.
“Ngo-2021, kuhlelwe ukutshala amazambane kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-86,5, lapho kuzotshalwa amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50,7 ezindaweni ezinkulu, amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3 ezindleleni zezithelo nasezivinini kanye nama-32 ezindaweni ezingamasekondari, amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili . - Kuhlelwe futhi ukuthi kutshalwe amathani emikhiqizo ayizigidi ezingama-8 ngayo yonke imikhakha yamapulazi (amathani ayizigidi eziyi-3,2 - ngamapulazi, amabhizinisi ezolimo, amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,5 ngamapulazi e-dekhkan nasezizeni zomuntu siqu). Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesibalo samazambane kanye nokugcina ukuzinza kwentengo ezimakethe zasekhaya, abalimi, abakwa-dekhkans kanye nosomabhizinisi banikezwa ukwesekwa okuphelele ekutshaleni amazambane ezindaweni eziyinhloko nasezindleleni zezithelo zezivande. Amapulazi anikezwa imbewu ephezulu yamazambane. Ngokubheka inhlabathi nezimo zezulu zesifunda ngasinye, ngenxa yokutshala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwembewu yamazambane ekhethwe kahle nokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical ngesikhathi, ukuzinza kwamanani emakethe namuhla kutholakala ngenxa yokuvunwa kanye nokulethwa ngesikhathi esifanele ukuvuna amazambane ezifundeni eziseningizimu, okuyiSurkhandarya kanye neKashkadarya. Mayelana nokufunwa kwabantu ngamazambane, kusukela ngoJuni nakuzo zonke ezinye izifunda, ukutholakala kwamazambane sekusungulwe ezimakethe zasekhaya. Ukuhlwanyela amazambane njengesitshalo sekwephuzile kuqala ngoJuni ezindaweni ezikhululwe kukolweni nakwezinye izitshalo zakuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ongoti abavela emabhizinisini ezolimo nasezikhungweni zesayensi bahlela izingqungquthela zesayensi nezisebenzayo zokutshala amazambane ezindaweni eziphindaphindwayo, ukwenza izindlela ze-agrotechnical, nokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane. Umsebenzi wokuchazwa wenziwa ekukhetheni okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo, izinyathelo ze-agrotechnical ezifika ngesikhathi emapulazini, futhi nezincomo zinikezwa ngokususelwa enhlabathini nasezimo zezulu zezifunda. "
Inqubomgomo State emkhakheni amazambane ezikhulayo
Njengamanje, kunakwa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane e-Uzbekistan. Ezingeni likahulumeni, amalungelo ahlukahlukene ayathuthukiswa futhi ayasetshenziswa, okwenza ukuthi kukhuliswe amathuba akhona ngokoqobo futhi kuholele ekuguqulweni kwemboni nasekuhlangabezaneni nesidingo sabantu samazambane. Umbuso ubuye ube neqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kokukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane, ukwethulwa kwezinhlelo zokugcina nokucubungula okujulile, okuvumela ukudala uchungechunge lwamanani olwengeziwe.
NgoMeyi 6, 2020, kwamukelwa iSinqumo sikaMongameli weRiphabhulikhi yase-Uzbekistan (No.PP-4704), okuhloswe ngaso ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa komthengi (itafula) nembewu yamazambane nokuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nesidingo samazambane emakethe yasekhaya weRiphabhuliki, ukwandisa iqoqo kanye nezinqubo zokubambisana, ukwethula ubuchwepheshe besimanje emkhakheni wamazambane akhulayo. Ngokwalesi Sinqumo, izifunda ezingama-40 zigxile ekukhiqizeni amazambane, ikakhulukazi, izifunda ezingama-23 zamazambane embewu, nezifunda eziyi-9 zamazambane imbewu ekhiqiza kakhulu.
Kulezi zindawo, sekwakhiwe amaqoqo ayisishiyagalombili akhulisa amazambane, anikezwe umhlaba ongamahektha angama-8 wokutshala imbewu namazambane abathengi, futhi sekusungulwe imbewu yamazambane yokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Isibonelo esisodwa yiqoqo lezolimo elikhula ngamazambane i-Agrover, elenzelwe esifundeni saseTashkent, esinikeza lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqizwa kwamazambane kusuka ezimbewini kuya ekucutshungulweni okujulile. Iqoqo lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje nemishini ukwenza ngcono izinqubo zokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo nokukhiqizayo komhlaba kanye nemithombo yamanzi.
"Ngenxa yokwethulwa kohlelo lokuchelela lokufafaza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini kumahektha angama-700 endawo ngonyaka we-2019-2020, kube nokwenzeka ukuthola amathani emikhiqizo afinyelela ku-40-45 ehektheleni ngalinye lomhlaba," kuphawula uFarkhod Takhirov, umqondisi we-Agrover Agro -Izimboni Zamazambane Ezezimboni. - Ngokubheka ukuthi amazambane adinga izimo ezikhethekile zokugcina nokugcinwa kwezinto, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ekukhiqizeni iqoqo kukhokhelwa ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokugcina kubathengi namazambane embewu ezinqolobaneni zesimanje ezifrijini. Ukwethulwa kwesikhungo sokulungiswa kwezimboni zezolimo nezimboni esifundeni saseBustanlik kwenze ukuthi iklasta lethu likwazi ukukhuphula amandla okugcina amazambane ngasikhathi sinye liye kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50, futhi kwandise amandla okucubungula okuyisisekelo (ukuhlunga, ukulinganisa kanye nokupakisha) kube yi-100 amathani ngehora. Konke lokhu kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwamazambane nokunciphisa, futhi sinikeze nokuthengwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kusuka ensimini kumthengi. "
I-Bustanlik Potato Center (LLC JV "Bustanlik potatochilik markazi"), efakwe kuleli qoqo, isungule ukutshalwa kwamazambane embewu okuzala okuphezulu emikhakheni ekhethekile. Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane embewu minyaka yonke kungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20.
Isayensi nobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane
Izwe lethula ngenkuthalo izinqubo ezikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwamazambane embewu enempilo. Ngakho-ke, ama-in-vitro laboratories akhiwe ezifundeni zaseTashkent, Samarkand, Namangan naseKashkadarya, lapho kusungulwe khona ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane embewu.
Isikhungo Samazambane sase-Uzbek-Hungarian, phakathi kwemisebenzi emikhulu yokuzalanisa izinhlobo zamazambane ezingazweli, savulwa ngo-2021 esikhungweni somshayeli i-AKIS Center for Agricultural Knowledge, Innovation and Services, esakhiwe yi-Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan nge ukusekelwa yi-European Union neBhange Lomhlaba njengengxenye yokuqaliswa kwecebo lokuThuthukiswa kwezolimo eRiphabhulikhi yase-Uzbekistan kuze kube unyaka wama-2030 ”.
"Namuhla, izikhungo zocwaningo zakuleli zisebenza ekwethulweni kobuchwepheshe besimanje bokutshala kanye nokwenziwa kwendawo, ngokwesibonelo, bakha izinhlobo zamazambane ezivuthwa kusenesikhathi, phakathi naphakathi nokuvuthwa okujwayele inhlabathi yendawo kanye nezimo zezulu," kugcizelela uchwepheshe omkhulu womnyango wezitshalo zemifino namakhabe namazambane, umnyango wezolimo wokulima, i-viticulture, i-horticulture nokutshalwa kwamazambane eMnyango Wezolimo uTeshaboev Bakhodir. - Kunakwa kakhulu ukumelana kwabo nezifo, ukushisa nesomiso. IRejista Yombuso Yezilimo Zezolimo ifaka izinhlobo ezintsha eziyi-131 zamazambane ezinconyelwe ukutshalwa endaweni yaseRiphabhulikhi yase-Uzbekistan, okunezinhlobo zazo eziyi-19 ezenziwa yizikhungo zocwaningo lwendawo. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside lososayensi kanye nokusebenzisana kwabo nabasebenzi basekhaya nabakwamanye amazwe kuholela empumelelweni ephumelele yesayensi. "
Ngokwesinqumo sikaMongameli weRiphabhulikhi yase-Uzbekistan sangomhla kaFebhuwari 26, 2021 No. PP-5009, uhlelo lwezinyathelo selwenziwe ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane okuyisisekelo, kanye nemifino, amakhabe nemithambo eBustonlyk, eBulungur, Izifunda zaseYangikurgan, Andijan, Altyaryk, Muzrobod, Mirzaobod. "Isikhwama sokuxhasa ngokwezimali ucwaningo lwesayensi nentuthuko entsha, ukuthuthukiswa kokuzalela izinhlobo zamazambane kanye nokukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane" yasungulwa eScientific Research Institute of Vegetable and Melon Crops and Potato.
Izinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane zenziwa ngokubambisana neWorld Potato Center (CIP), futhi kunakwa ngokukhethekile amazambane akhulayo avela embewini yezitshalo. Ukuze ufunde okwenziwa emazweni angaphandle, ukuqeqeshwa nokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile kososayensi kanye nochwepheshe emazweni angaphandle, ukushintshaniswa kwesipiliyoni nokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ekukhiqizeni kunikezwa.