KUSUKA KUZAMBANE, NJENGOBA IQHAWE LOKUQALA LEFILIMU YASESOVIET IBALA, UNGALUNGISA IZIDLO EZINGAPHEZU KOKUYISHUMI OKUHLUKILE. KANYE NEZINKONDLO ZOKUHAMBISANA KWAYO ZEZIMBUSO NAZO ZINNINGI KAKHULU. NGESIKHATHI ESIFANAYO UKHIQIZWA KWEZINHLOBO EZITHILE ZEMIKHIQIZO EMINYAKENI YAMVA KUYAKHULA KANJALO, FUTHI OKUPHUMA KWABANYE KUHLALA EZINGA ELIFANAYO, NAPHEZU KOBUKHONA BEDINGO.
UKUTHI IMPUMELELO YOMKHIQIZO EZIMKETHINI IXELEKE KUKHONA, YIZIPHI IZINKINGA ABACHUBI ABABHEKANA NAZO, IZIHLOKO ZAMABHIZINISI OMPHAMBILI KANYE ABAMELELI BEZINHLANGANO ZOMBUNDLO, ABABANDAKANYE KUWEBHAYINSI WE-POTATO UNION, KUXOXE ngaye.
ISITSHISHI. UKUKHULA KUDINGA IZINTO EZIHLAZA EZINGAPHEZULU
Isitashi samazambane siwumkhiqizo osekuyiminyaka eminingi iRussia iwukhiqiza ngamanani amancane kunalawo awasebenzisayo. Ngokusho kweSoyuzkrakhmal Association of Deep Grain Processing Enterprises, izitshalo zasekhaya minyaka yonke zikhiqiza amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-11 esitashi samazambane, kanti imakethe yasekhaya icishe ibe ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30-32.
Echaza isimo samanje sesiqondiso, umongameli wenhlangano, u-Oleg Radin, uthi okwamanje kukhona amabhizinisi amancane kuphela okukhiqiza isitashi samazambane eRussia, okuhlanganisa: I-Chuvashienkrakhmal LLC; I-Mglinsky Starch Plant LLC, i-Poretsky Starch OJSC, i-Syryatinsky Starch Plant LLC, i-SPPK Udacha, i-Pleshcheevsky Starch Plant JSC, Imikhiqizo Yesitashi JSC (Shablykinsky Starch Plant).
Inkinga enkulu evimbela intuthuko yabo ukuntuleka kwesizinda sempahla eluhlaza esinenzuzo ezweni. Njengoba u-Oleg Radin ephawula, amabhizinisi aseRussia aphoqeleka ukuba akhiqize isitashi emikhiqizweni abalimi abangakwazi ukuyithengisa ezitolo (empeleni, kusuka kudoti). Ngokwesilinganiso, amathani ayishumi amazambane etafula acutshungulwa abe yithani elilodwa lesitashi.
Umqondisi we-All-Russian Research Institute of Starch and Processing of Starch-Containing Raw Materials, igatsha le-Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center for Potato eqanjwe ngo-A.I. A.G. Lorch "Vasily Byzov. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kuneminyaka lapho amabhizinisi ehlangabezana nokushoda kwemikhiqizo yaleli zinga (isibonelo esicacile: isizini 21/22). Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaprosesa angena ezindlekweni eziphakeme kakhulu zokuthengwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, okuthinta inzuzo yokukhiqiza. Intengo emaphakathi yamazambane aseRussia, ngokusho kochwepheshe, iphakeme ngo-22% kunase-EU.
"Ukusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula amazambane ngesitashi kuyaqinisekiswa lapho kusetshenziswa izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinesitashi okungenani esingu-19% (kulokhu, akudingi amathani angaphezu kwamahlanu ezinto zokusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ithani elilodwa lesitashi), - kuchaza uVasily Byzov, - futhi indawo yokucubungula kufanele ibe seduze nesisekelo sempahla eluhlaza, ngokwezibalo zethu, phakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-50.”
Ochwepheshe bayavumelana ukuthi kuyadingeka ukusungula ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo zobuchwepheshe zamazambane ezweni, nakuba lokhu kungeke kube lula. Kunezinkinga eziningi ezingaxazululiwe, enye yazo ukuntuleka kwezinhlobo zaseRussia ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesitashi, abalimi kanye nabalimi bembewu kusadingeka basebenze ekuxazululeni le nkinga.
Kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuvusa isithakazelo sabalimi bamazambane ekukhuliseni izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezizocutshungulwa.
“Emazweni aseYurophu, ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lomsebenzi wokutshala nokugcina izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane, sekusungulwe le migomo elandelayo ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwesitashi samazambane., - UVasily Byzov wabelana ngolwazi, - abakhiqizi bamazambane (abalimi, ama-cooperatives) bangabanikazi bamasheya besikhungo sokucubungula futhi banentshisekelo yezezimali ekuthengisweni komkhiqizo wokugcina - isitashi kanye nokuphuma kwaso; izinkampani zihlele izinsiza ze-agronomic ezihlinzeka abakhiqizi ngembewu nezincomo zokuyitshala. Inzuzo yokukhiqiza isitashi itholakala ngokunciphisa izindleko zokutshala amazambane anesivuno esikhulu kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesitashi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kwamazambane ngethani elilodwa lesitashi kwehliswa kube amathani angama-1 futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izindleko ezithile zamandla okusebenza kwawo ziyehla. ”
E-Russia, kunezibonelo lapho abakhiqizi bezolimo betshala izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe zamazambane nge-oda lesitshalo sesitashi, kepha kuze kube manje sikhuluma ngamavolumu amancane. Isimo singashintshwa ngokubonakala kweprosesa enkulu emakethe.
«Okungenani ibhizinisi elilodwa elikhulu lesimanje lokucubungula amazambane ajulile eRussia lidinga, - kusho u-Oleg Radin, - kufanele icubungule cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100-120 amazambane avela ezimbonini, ithole isitashi sezinga eliphezulu, ithathele indawo impahla evela kwamanye amazwe futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, ithumele imikhiqizo ezothunyelwa ngaphandle.”
Ukwethulwa kwebhizinisi elisha kungaphinde kuxazulule inkinga yokukhiqizwa kwezitashi eziguquliwe ezifunwa kakhulu. “Umthamo omkhulu wokulungiswa kokudla ungeniswa eRussia minyaka yonke, obiza ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100 zamaRandi, - kuchaza uMongameli weNhlangano "Soyuzkrakhmal", - ngaphambili kwakuyimikhiqizo yabakhiqizi abakhulu baseYurophu, manje imakethe isiqalile ukuhleleka kabusha ibheke eChina, Vietnam, Thailand. E-Russia, ukuguqulwa kokudla kukhiqizwa ngamabhizinisi amabili kuphela, futhi lokhu kungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-20 kuphela amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-94 adingekayo embonini yethu. Kunesidingo sale mikhiqizo, kodwa izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyadingeka ukuze kukhiqizwe, futhi lezi izinhlobo zommbila ezine-waxy, esingenazo nathi, noma izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe zamazambane.”
AMAZAMBANE ATHOSIWE. IZINHLELO ZOKUTHUNYELELA
Eminyakeni eyisithupha yokusebenza, umkhiqizi omkhulu wamafrimu afriziwe eRussia, i-Vee Fry LLC, uthole ulwazi olunzulu ekukhiqizeni izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze zicutshungulwe.
We Fray
Le nkampani itholakala esifundeni Lipetsk. Amandla okukhiqiza - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-240 wamazambane ngonyaka. Ikhiqiza amazambane athosiwe angu-3,5 million nsuku zonke.
Ngonyaka odlule, izinto zokusetshenziswa zesitshalo zatshalwa endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-7, ngonyaka omusha imiqulu yanda ngamanye amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2.
«Sisebenza nabalimi ngaphansi kwezinkontileka ezimbili, - kuchaza umqondisi wokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi u-Sergey Marchenko, - siqale sidayisele abalimi
imbewu yezinhlobo ezikhethekile (ama-85% ayo i-Innovator), ngokusho kwesibili - sithenga sonke isitshalo kubo ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe ngentengo enqunyiwe. Abalimi bakhokhela imbewu ngemva kokuvuna.
Inkampani ikwazile ukuzuza impumelelo enkulu odabeni lokuhlinzekwa kwembewu. "Ekuqaleni kwalo msebenzi, sangenisa izinkulungwane zamathani embewu kwamanye amazwe, - ukhumbula u-Sergey Marchenko, kulo nyaka bathenge amathani ayi-100 kuphela, bese sikhuluma kuphela ngezinhlobo ezintsha ngokuphelele. Inhloso yethu - samukele ngokugcwele lezo ezizosithakazelisa".
Ibhizinisi libuye lilungele ukusebenza nezinhlobo zaseRussia ezinezakhiwo ezidingekayo. Umbandela kuphela ukuhlinzekwa kwenqwaba yesilingo. "Sithatha 30 kg, gazinga, sihlole umphumela, - uphawula uMqondisi Wokuthuthukiswa kwe-Vee Fry LLC, - uma uthanda konke, amazambane awekho
kuba mnyama, sishayela kuwo wonke umugqa (lokhu kudinga amathani angama-40 kakade). Sithola umkhiqizo omuhle, singaqhubeka nokusebenza".
Ecabanga ngamathemba okukhiqizwa kwamafrimu afriziwe, u-Sergey Marchenko ugcizelela ukuthi kunesidingo emakethe sokwandisa umthamo wokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, amaketanga amasha okudla okusheshayo aseRussia amemezele ukwethulwa kwezindawo zokudlela ezingama-70-100 ngonyaka. Ukuphendula, inkampani ilungiselela ukufaka umugqa wesibili wokukhiqiza ukuze usebenze. Kodwa eminyakeni ezayo, iRussia kulindeleke ukuthi ivule amabhizinisi amasha amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, okudala usongo lokukhiqiza ngokweqile.
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Abacubungula manje badinga ukucabanga mayelana nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle. "Izinkinga zokuthengisa - kuyinkinga ezweni lonke, - USergey Marchenko uyaqiniseka, - ukuze abakhiqizi bamazambane bangahlupheki, kuyadingeka ukulungisa kusengaphambili izimo eziqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukulethwa ngempumelelo ezimakethe zangaphandle. Sibheke ngabomvu usizo lombuso kulezi zindaba.”
AMAFLAKES AZAMBATO. ISEBENZA EZIMKETHINI EZINZIMA
Abakhiqizi be-potato flakes nabo baxhumanisa ikusasa lomkhakha wabo nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokuka-Alexandra Ponomarenko, uMqondisi Omkhulu we-Maxim Gorky Plus LLC, imakethe yasekhaya yahlinzekwa ngokugcwele ngalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo ngo-2019. Izinkampani ezicubungulayo zazama ukubheka abathengi phesheya, nakuba lokhu bekuhlale kunzima ukukwenza.
I-LLC "Maxim Gorky Plus"
Umthamo omkhulu wonyaka webhizinisi njengamanje ungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-29 omkhiqizo oqediwe. Icubungula amazambane afinyelela kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200 ngesizini ngayinye. Ithatha u-50% wemakethe yasekhaya. Amandla okukhiqiza avumela ukumboza kufika ku-80% wayo yonke imakethe yezinhlamvu.
«Amakhasimende akwamanye amazwe aqaphe kakhulu ngemikhiqizo yaseRussia, futhi kudingeka senze imizamo eminingi yokuthola imininingwane edingekayo, ukugunyazwa kwayo, ukuhlolwa., - U-Alexander Ponomarenko wabelana ngolwazi lwakhe, - kusukela ngesikhathi uqala ukuxhumana neklayenti kuze kube yilapho isiqukathi sokuqala sehlisiwe, kungathatha unyaka. "
Ngo-2021, abakhiqizi bamazambane ama-flakes baphoqeleka ukuthi banciphise inani lokuthekelisa libe lincane, lokhu kwakungenxa yokwehla okukhulu kokuhlinzekwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yakho. "Ngesizini ka-21/22, izindleko zamazambane athengiwe zeqa izinga lentengo lonyaka ngokuphindwe kane, ngokushoda okujwayelekile kanye nokushoda kokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamaphrosesa, - kusho umqondisi omkhulu weMaxim Gorky Plus LLC, - lokhu kuholele ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zamakhekheba amazambane eRussia zaya kuma-ruble ayi-180 / kg ngaphandle kwe-VAT futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwesidingo semikhiqizo.".
Ekuqaleni kuka-2022, imikhiqizo yangaphandle yagcwala emakethe yaseRussia. "Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zika-2022, izinkampani zaseYurophu zangenisa endaweni
I-Russia okungenani amathani ayizinkulungwane ezi-5 ama-flakes amazambane (okungaphezu kwenani elijwayelekile eliphelele lonyaka)- kuqhuba u-Alexandra Ponomarenko, - intengo ejwayelekile yomkhiqizo ongenisiwe yayicishe ibe ngama-ruble ayi-115/kg ngaphandle kwe-VAT. Ukwehla okunjalo kuphinde kwathinteka ekuguquguqukeni kwemali (kusuka kuma-ruble angama-87 kuya kuma-ruble angama-62 nge-euro eyi-1 esikhathini esibuyekezwayo). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, intengo yokusanhlamvu yasekhaya yafinyelela kuma-ruble angu-200/kg, futhi abakhiqizi basekhaya babhekana nobunzima obukhulu ekuthengiseni imikhiqizo yabo.".
Imiphumela yaleyo nkathi izwakala kubakhiqizi ngemva konyaka. Ngokusho kwesikhulumi, inkampani ayikakwazi ukubuyela ku-volume dynamics
ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwezwe, kanye namasheya emikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibizayo ahlala ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla. Inkampani iphishekela inqubomgomo esebenzayo yokushintshanisa impahla, izama ukulinganisa phakathi kokugcina inani elamukelekayo nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu.
“Namuhla, abadlali abasha bayaqhubeka nokungena emakethe, ngoba inkinga yokugaywa kabusha ibaluleke kakhulu, - ufingqa u-Alexandra Ponomarenko, - kodwa umqondo wokuthi amazambane angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza okusanhlamvu, okudabukisayo ukuwalahla, usuphelelwe yisikhathi. Leli yibhizinisi eliyinkimbinkimbi, sinezinkinga ngokudayiswa kwemikhiqizo, sifuna izindlela zokulawula kokubili ukuthunyelwa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kodwa kuze kube manje kufanele sibhekane nobunzima ngokwethu.".
AMAZAMBANE AMA-CHIPS. khiqiza ENSIMINI
Umqondisi Jikelele we-Ozery JSC USergei Pryamov waqala inkulumo yakhe ngeqiniso elithakazelisayo: minyaka yonke amabhizinisi esifundeni saseMoscow acubungula amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-471 wezinto zokusetshenziswa abe amazambane acwebile. Kuwo wonke lo mqulu, amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25 kuphela atshalwa esifundeni (i-5,3% yesidingo!), Okunye kungeniswe ngaphandle. Mhlawumbe, kwabanye abalimi besifunda saseMoscow, lokhu kuzoba isizathu sokuzindla.
I-JSC "Ozyory"
Umkhiqizi omkhulu wamazambane nemifino esifundeni saseMoscow. Inomugqa wokukhiqiza amazambane ama-crispy, ikhiqiza imikhiqizo ngaphansi
umnikazi TM "Barin".
Ethula umbono wakhe wokuthambekela ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha wokucubungula amazambane, u-Sergey Pryamov waphawula ukuthi maduze nje izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zokucubungula zizolahlekelwa amabhizinisi amancane.
“Silindele ukuthi imboni yamazambane acwebile izokhula ngokusatshalaliswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, - USergey Pryamov uyachaza, - Manje kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-vacuum fryer aseShayina naseTurkey emakethe, futhi ibhizinisi ngalinye lamazambane lingathenga ulayini omncane futhi likhiqize ama-crisps endawo ngaphandle kokuphuma ensimini. "
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukucutshungulwa kwe-vacuum kunikeza ithuba lokunciphisa izinga lokushisa nesikhathi sokuthosa, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela, ukwandisa uhla lwezinhlobonhlobo (ukunambitha), okungukuthi, kukuvumela ukuthi uthole umkhiqizo othokozisayo wekhwalithi ephezulu onenzuzo enhle. .