NgoMashi 2021 kugujwa iminyaka eyishumi kwasungulwa i-Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants (eyaziwa kangcono njengePatato Union). Mayelana nokuthi umsebenzi uqale kanjani, yiziphi izinkinga i-Union exazululayo manje nokuthi izabalazela yiphi imigomo, sikhuluma noSergey Lupekhin, uSihlalo wePotato Union.
I-Potato Union yasungulwa ngoMashi 2011. Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima kubalimi bamazambane: u-2010 oshisayo nonamafutha usanda kuphela, ukungeniswa kwamazambane ezweni kuleyo nkathi kwafinyelela amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,5. Kungani inhlangano yezimboni ivele ngalo mzuzu? Izinkinga eziningi zanqwabelana, futhi zazidinga ukuxazululwa ngokushesha?
- Okokuqala, ngaleso sikhathi eRussia kwase kunenhlangano yegatsha yabalimi bamazambane, noma ngabe yayingenaso isimo esisemthethweni - "I-Potato Club". Emihlanganweni yeklabhu, izinhloko zezinkampani ezihola phambili ezikhulisa amazambane zaxoxa ngezindaba eziwumgogodla, kepha ngazo zonke izicelo neziphakamiso ezazidinga ukudluliselwa phezulu, ibhizinisi ngalinye laphoqeleka ukufaka isicelo kuziphathimandla zombuso ngokwazo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphansi koMnyango Wezolimo weRussian Federation, uMkhandlu Womphakathi wakhiwa phakathi kwezinyunyana zamagatsha. Abalimi bamazambane nemifino babengenayo inhlangano enjalo esemthethweni. Ubuholi boMnyango Wezolimo bahlongoza ukuqala umsebenzi wokusungula inyunyana yezimboni. Abahlanganyeli beMakethe bathole lo mbono uthembisa: ngokoqobo ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu, ukwakheka kwabasunguli kwakhiwa, kususelwa kumalungu ePotato Club, kwalungiswa imibhalo esemthethweni, kwathi ngoMashi 29, 2011, kwaba nomhlangano wabaholi beNyunyana Yamazambane Abahlanganyeli Bemakethe Yemifino babanjelwe egumbini lomhlangano lebhodi loMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia.
Umsebenzi omkhulu wePotato Union ngukuthi ukunxenxa izintshisekelo zabahlanganyeli bemakethe, usizo ekuxazululeni izinkinga zamanje emazingeni ombuso nawesifunda, ukudala izimo zokuthuthukiswa okuhle kwemboni yamazambane isiyonke.
Lokhu kuvezwa kanjani? Ochwepheshe bethu, isibonelo, babambe iqhaza elikhulu ekwakhiweni kweziphakamiso zokuxhasa izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zentuthuko yezakhiwo zezimboni zezolimo, ukuvikela izintshisekelo zemboni, ukuphendula ngokushesha izinselelo zamanje. Isibonelo, ukuqala kwalo nyaka kuphawulwe ngokwenyuka kwamanani omanyolo wezimbiwa, kanti iNyunyana ibingomunye wabokuqala ukunaka le nkinga, yaba yilungu leqembu elisebenzayo ngaphansi koMnyango Wezolimo we Russian Federation . Siyethemba ukuthi amanani azoqina.
Nasi esinye isibonelo sakamuva: ngoJanuwari walo nyaka, isimemezelo sohlaka lukaHulumeni waseRussia mayelana nokwenyusa amanani entengo yokusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezizenzele zona kanye nemishini ekhethekile eyenziwe kwamanye amazwe ishicilelwe. Ngokwalo mbhalo, inani lemali ekhokhwayo kufanele lenyuke, kuya ngohlobo lwezinto zokusebenza, kabili noma kathathu. Ngakho-ke, cishe i-15-20% ngaphezulu ingangezwa entengo yokuthenga yezimoto ezizenzele zona.
Sikholwa ukuthi izinhlelo ezinjalo kumele zimenyezelwe futhi zibalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngamuphi umgomo njengamanje? Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi okwamanje inqubo yokuphinda isetshenziswe ayikaze isetshenzwe, imishini esetshenzise isikhathi sayo ivame ukubola eduze kocingo: akekho oyithengayo, angayithathi noma ayivuselele kabusha, futhi okungenani ihamba nje okokulahla.
Yiziphi izinkinga zohlelo iNyunyana ebambe iqhaza ekuxoxeni ngazo?
Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokuthuthukiswa kokufuya kwasekhaya, i-Potato Union yathatha ingxenye eqonde kakhulu ekwakhiweni kohlelo olungaphansi kombuso lokuthuthukiswa kokuzaliswa kwamazambane nokukhiqizwa kwembewu eRussia. Ngesikhathi kuxoxwa ngalo mbhalo, kungenzeka ukuthi "kugudluzwe ukugxila" kwemisebenzi yohlelo olungaphansi kusuka ezinkomba ezihlosiwe zezinhlangano zesayensi, obekufanele zibe isikhungo sayo yonke imisebenzi yazo, ziye ezithakazelweni zebhizinisi. Yibhizinisi namuhla elibekela imisebenzi abalimi, abatshali bezimbewu, abathuthukisi bamakhambi begazi abamba iqhaza ekufezeni uhlelo. Lokhu kuthathwa njengesiqinisekiso sokuthi yonke imikhiqizo etholakele izofunwa emakethe.
Namuhla, ezifundeni eziningi zezwe, sekuvele kwakhiwa amaketanga phakathi kwezinhlangano ezizalisayo zesayensi nezinkampani zembewu. Futhi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, amapulazi amazambane azokwazi ukuthola isinxephezelo ngokuthengwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziphakeme zokukhiqiza ezikhiqizwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalesi siqondiso sokusekelwa kombuso ngenani okungenani lama-70% wezindleko ezitholakele.
I-Potato Union yenza okuningi ukuhlela ukuhlinzekwa kwembewu yamazambane evela eYurophu nakwamanye amazwe omhlaba.
Izinkampani zaseRussia zidinga namazambane embewu angaphandle, izinkampani ezizalisayo zangaphandle kanye nezinkampani ezikhulisa imbewu ziyathanda emakethe yaseRussia, kepha ukuhlelwa kwempahla akubi lula kule minyaka edlule.
IRosselkhoznadzor, evikela insimu yethu ekungenisweni kwezinambuzane nezifo ezingenayo, isilungele ukwamukela kuphela labo abakhiqizi amazwe abo abekwazi ukunikeza imininingwane egcwele ukuthi izindawo zabo ezikhulayo amazambane azinazinto eziyingozi zokuhlukaniswa. I-Potato Union ibamba iqhaza engxoxweni ye-algorithm yokusebenzisana yawo wonke amaqembu ukuze inikeze abakhiqizi bezolimo izinto zembewu.
Indawo ebalulekile yomsebenzi wePotato Union kwakungukusungulwa kwezixhumanisi phakathi kwabakhiqizi bamazambane namaketanga okuthengisa. Singasho yini ukuthi uzuze impumelelo kulokhu?
- I-Union ibisakha ingxoxo nabathengisi iminyaka eminingi, futhi sikholwa ukuthi iningi lezinkinga zingaxazululwa ngendlela eyakhayo, ukuze kuzuze bonke abantu.
I-Potato Union ihlela njalo imihlangano yabamele amaketanga okuthengisa nabakhiqizi bamazambane nemifino ngaphakathi kohlaka lombukiso weGolden Autumn nasezindaweni zokukhiqiza zamapulazi ahlangene, lapho amaqembu angashintshana ngezifiso neziphakamiso, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - oxhumana nabo.
Le micimbi ingenye yemikhulu kakhulu futhi ifunwa kakhulu mayelana nokwazisa ngemikhiqizo kumthengi.
Ngokuya ngesimo esikhona njengamanje, imihlangano eku-inthanethi isiphenduke eyendabuko, lapho izingqinamba eziyinkinga zixoxwa ngokusobala nangokwakhayo, imininingwane iyashintshaniswa nabahlinzeki abavela kulo lonke izwe. Imicimbi enjalo ivumela abathengisi nabakhiqizi bezithelo nemifino ukuthi basabele ngokushesha futhi bathathe izinqumo.
Ngabe udaba lwamazambane asezingeni lomnotho, yonke imithombo yezindaba ememeza ngalo ngokoqobo selokhu kuqale unyaka, luzokwazi ukuxazululwa?
- Indaba yokulethwa kwamazambane kumaketanga okuthengisa kulo nyaka kuvele kwaba nomsindo omkhulu. Okungalindelekile kithina, ngoba bekungekho lutho oluguqulwayo mayelana nesinyathelo sePotato Union: sinikeze amaketanga okuthengisa into entsha enezinto - amazambane angalinganisiwe kumanetha kusuka ku-2,5 kuya ku-5 kg.
Izinga eliphakeme (elingabolile, elingonakalanga, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokuhlaza) amazambane kwakufanele afakwe emanetheni, amancane kancane kunokujwayelekile (ubukhulu be-35 mm, hhayi ama-55 mm). Ngenxa yalokho, wonke umuntu uzothola lokho akufunayo: amaketanga - umkhiqizo oshibhile ku-assortment, abathengi - inkululeko yokuzikhethela, nabakhiqizi - ithuba lokuthengisa imikhiqizo ngaphambili ebingakwazi ukungena ezitolo, ngoba ibingahlangabezani nezindinganiso zokwamukelwa kwezitolo .
Lesi sinyathelo sasekelwa nguMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia, kepha eminye imithombo yezindaba yathola imibono engaqondakali, kwakudingeka sinikeze imibono eminingi, sichaze ukuthi amatemu womkhiqizo "wesigaba sezomnotho" awuhlangene neze nezinga eliphansi. Kuyamangaza ukuthi lo mqondo uthole isichasiso esibi, ngoba ukundiza endizeni "ekilasini lomnotho" akukhathazi muntu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani lokukhulunywa ngalo komkhiqizo wePotato Soyuz kanye nenani lezitatimende zezazi zezingcweti zethu kwi-Intanethi likhule ngokuphindwe kayishumi kusukela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari, okuhehe ukunakwa okukhulu enkingeni yezimboni isizini yamanje.
Eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, kube nemicimbi ebucayi kakhulu eshiye uphawu lwayo emlandweni wemboni. Yimuphi kubo ongathi obaluleke kunabo bonke?
- Iminyaka eyi-10 akuyona inkathi ende kangako yomlando ukumaka izigaba ezibalulekile. Ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu kithi ukukhula kwenzuzo embonini. Isimo sezezimali samabhizinisi ochwepheshe siyaqina, abalimi banesifiso sokwandisa imisebenzi yabo, ukukhulisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukutshala imali ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqiza nokukhiqiza imbewu, ekwakheni izikhungo zokucubungula amazambane nemifino. Izibonelo ezicacile zalokhu yi-KRiMM Agrofirm, iDmitrovsky Vegetables Holding yezolimo, kanye namapulazi ase-Avetisyan nasePutsko.
Futhi inkathi yokuphela, ngokusho kwePotato Union, ingahlukaniswa njengenenzuzo embonini yonke?
- Ngenkathi ingxenye ebalulekile yesivuno isesezinqolobaneni zabakhiqizi. Uma isenzo samanani siqhubeka kuze kuphele isizini, imboni izokwenza inzuzo enhle. Kepha okwamanje, lokhu ukuqagela nje. Ngicabanga ukuthi abaningi bayikhumbula kahle isizini ka-2017/18, lapho amaketanga okuthengisa athola umthamo omkhulu wamazambane aseGibhithe kusukela ngoDisemba, futhi ukufinyelela eshalofini kwavalwa ngokungeyikho kwemikhiqizo yaseRussia, yize amanani entengo abo ayephansi kakhulu kunalawo angenisiwe . Abalimi abaningi basekhaya babe sebelahlekelwa kakhulu. Manje amazambane aseGibhithe nawo aqala ukuvela kancane kancane ezinhlobonhlobo zezitolo, futhi sibheke ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo, ngoba amathuba okuphindaphindeka kwesimo, noma esilinganisweni esingalungile, akhona.
Muva nje, i-Potato Union isiphenduke umhlanganyeli ojwayelekile emikhosini ye-gastro, imibukiso yezokupheka, njll. ERussia, ingabe isikhathi sesifikile lapho kudingekile ukuthi kwenziwe umkhiqizo owaziwa ngokuthi "isinkwa sesibili"?
- Kubuhlungu ukuthi izintatheli azikwenzi nakancane lokhu. Amazambane angumkhiqizo oyingqayizivele, othokozisayo, ungahlala ukhulume ngawo, futhi lolu lwazi luwusizo empilweni yabafundi. Isibonelo, uyazi ukuthi amazambane amancane kufanele aphekwe (abiliswe kakhulu noma abhakwe) futhi adliwe nekhasi, ngoba liqukethe i-fiber yokudla, enomthelela omuhle ekugayeni, nenani elikhulu levithamini C, elehlisa izifiso amaswidi?
Amazambane awalahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwawo eRussia, kepha imibukiso iyasiza ukuwubheka nge-engela entsha, ukuqonda ukuthi akuyona nje isithako sendabuko sezitsha ezijwayelekile zikazwelonke (yize singakhathali nhlobo ngabo, Umkhosi weHering ngaphansi kwengubo yoboya ”isiqiniseko salokhu), hhayi ifa lomlando, nomkhiqizo wanamuhla ohambisana ngokuphelele nomqondo wokudla okunempilo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye uyakwazi ukuhlobisa itafula lomkhosi (futhi kumangaze ngisho nokungajwayelekile: khumbula ukuthi izinhlobo ezinamakhasi anemibala kanye nomgogodla ziyatholakala emakethe), nemenyu yansuku zonke.
Ake sicabange ukuthi sekuphele eminye iminyaka eyi-10. Yimiphi imiphumela imboni okufanele iyizuze ngaleli phuzu?
- Into yokuqala ohlwini lwezimpumelelo kufanele kube: iRussia izanele ngokuphelele embewini yamazambane; wonke umjikelezo womkhiqizo wawo, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezithandwayo zokukhethwa kwamanye amazwe, ubekwe ngokuphelele endaweni esezingeni eliphakeme lobuchwepheshe.
Emakethe, kunomncintiswano wamahhala wezinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa kwaseRussia nakwamanye amazwe, abalimi kufanele bakhethe ngokukhululekile okujabulisa kakhulu kubo, bagxile kuzimfanelo zentengiso zomkhiqizo, ukumelana nezifo, isivuno, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngicabanga ukuthi eminyakeni eyi-10, amabhizinisi amasha okukhiqiza isitashi samazambane, adingeka kakhulu ezimbonini zasekhaya ezahlukahlukene, asezokwethulwa ezweni.
Cishe, inani lamazambane athunyelwa emazweni angaphandle lizokwandiswa kakhulu. Kukhona ama-niches alokhu. Izimakethe ezibalulekile kithina amazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi kanye neCaucasus, lapho umkhiqizo wasekhaya ungasoze wahlangabezana nezidingo ngenxa yezimo zezulu.
Silindele nokuthi imali engenayo emapulazini ngamazambane akhulayo izofakwa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda yasemakhaya, futhi abalimi bazofaka impilo entsha ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Yebo, ukusetshenziswa kwamazambane kanye nemikhiqizo yabo evela kumuntu ngamunye, siyethemba, kuzokhula isikhathi esisodwa nohhafu. Ngake ngathola iphosta emangalisayo yenkathi yaseSoviet enesiqubulo esithi: "Ukuze uthole isobho leklabishi ne-borscht udinga imifino ethe xaxa!", Ngicabanga ukuthi isebenza namuhla, futhi izobuye ibe eminyakeni eyi-10 nengu-50.
Futhi ngithanda ukugcizelela ukuthi i-Potato Union, okokuqala, izivumelwano, namalungu ayo. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwethu ngokubambisana, imboni iya ngokuya ihlanganiswa, igunya leNyunyana namalungu ayo liyakhula. Njalo ngonyaka izwi lomkhakha lizwakala lizethemba ngokwengeziwe. Ngibonga wonke umuntu othembayo Inyunyana Yamazambane.