Ihlazo elizungeze umlimi onqume ukufakela amasimu akhe umanyolo ophilayo muva nje liqhamuke esifundeni saseSverdlovsk.
U-Andrey Savchenko, umsunguli wepulazi elidala kunawo wonke esifundeni, usolwa "ngokuqothulwa kwempukane" kwabantu bendawo: ngemuva kukamanyolo onukayo ovela kwelinye lamapulazi ezinkukhu, amadolobhana aseduze ahlaselwa amafu ezinambuzane. Imisebenzi yabalimi manje isiyabhekwa yihhovisi labashushisi bezemvelo, iRosselkhoznadzor, iRospotrebnadzor ngisho nekomidi labaphenyi.
USavchenko akayedwa kulokhu: ngonyaka owedlule, kufinyelela kubalimi abaningana base-Ural abazibeka engcupheni yokusebenzisa umhlaba wabo ukukhulisa isivuno somhlaba wabo bawela ipensela eziphathimandleni zokuphatha okomzimba kususelwa kubulongwe benyoni. Futhi inani lezinhlawulo azikhokhisile lisondela kwinani lezinkanyezi labakhiqizi abancane bezolimo - ama-ruble angama-70 billion. Abalimi bathi: selokhu imfucuza yemfuyo nezinkukhu yaqashelwa njengezinto ezinobungozi futhi yalinganiswa esigabeni sobungozi nophethiloli kadizili kanye ne-phosphates, sekuyingozi ngisho ukungingiza mayelana nomanyolo owake wajwayeleka.
Impukane iyazi
- Futhi unyaka awuhlalanga, ngesikhathi kuqala ukuhlolwa, - u-Andrey Savchenko uphawula ngokucasulwa ngomphumela wesinyathelo sakhe sezolimo.
Umlimi ubelokhu ebala kusukela ekwindla nyakenye, ngesikhathi eletha umanyolo ovela epulazini lezinkukhu. Ngokuqondile, i-substrate eyomile, esivele isidlulile, njengoba kudingwa ngamazinga we-sanitary, ukucubungula - ukubulala amagciwane. Ukuze ube ngumanyolo ogcwele, umkhiqizo, oxutshwe notshani, wawulele onqenqemeni lwensimu ebusika, kuthi entwasahlobo kulinywe emhlabathini. Ubuchwepheshe, yize bulula, buhlolwe amakhulu eminyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi wehlulekile - izindimbane zezimpukane zazalelwa enhlabathini evundisiwe. Futhi bandizela esigodini esiseduze saseLazorevy.
- Ngicabanga ukuthi nganginephutha ngezibalo. Ngentwasahlobo efudumele, angizange ngiqagele, ngangiphuze usuku noma ezimbili ngokulima - ngakho-ke izimpukane zaqala ukukhuphuka, - uSavchenko uhlaziya amaphutha akhe.
Safika enkundleni yempi lapho umugqa wabahloli wawusudlulile lapha. Insimu yayilinywa, indawo eyayiseduze nemigwaqo yaphathwa ngamakhemikhali. Imigwaqo yemigwaqo yayibukeka imnyama ngenxa yezinambuzane eziwile, kepha kwakusekhona izimpukane eziningi ezazibhuza zizungeza. “Yebo, ngibazi bonke ngokubabona! Uyini umuzi ongenazimpukane? " - USavchenko wenza ihlaya. Wayenqena ukukhuluma ngokwenzekile, kepha wayekulungele ukukhombisa ifosholo, alamba ipulazi lakhe lokuqala ngo-1992, nobubanzi bomnotho wamanje - amahektha angama-500 amasimu.
- Umhlaba udinga ukuvuselelwa. Kuba mpofu ngokuxhashazwa okukhulu. Uma uthola amathani amazambane angama-30-35 ehektheleni ngalinye, ikhemistri iyodwa ngeke isebenze ukukhokhela yonke inhlanganisela yezakhamzimba. Inhlabathi idinga izinto eziphilayo, izimbungulu, izibungu, konke okubuyisa isendlalelo esivundile. Ngidinga ukufaka amathani ayisithupha wezinto eziphilayo ehektheleni ngalinye, ngiphathe ezine kuphela futhi ngokushesha ngazibeka ezandleni zami, - kuchaza umlimi. - UMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation nawo uyasisekela lesi sikhundla: inhlabathi idinga izinto eziphilayo, iziphakamiso zenziwe ku-State Duma weRussian Federation mayelana nezichibiyelo zomthetho wesifundazwe wokuphathwa kwemfucumfucu enobungozi, ngaphandle komanyolo wemvelo kusuka enanini lezinto ezinobungozi.
Inkukhu coup
Isenzo sokuqala somthetho ekufakweni komquba wezilwane kanye nomquba wezinkukhu ezigabeni 3 no-4 zikadoti oyingozi kakhulu savela ngo-2011. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, imfuneko yokuthola ilayisense yemisebenzi yamabhizinisi ezolimo yokugcina nokucubungula izinto eziphilayo yayisemthethweni. Futhi yonke le minyaka, emzaneni naseminyangweni kahulumeni, izingxabano azikapheli: yini enikezwa izilwane ezifuywayo - umanyolo noma imfucuza?
Iningi labalimi lisabheka imithetho ebekiwe njenge "ubuwula obuyingozi", engathinti kabi isimo samanje samapulazi kuphela, kepha nokutholakala kokudla okuzayo ezweni. Enye yezimpikiswano: ukuthola izimvume zelungelo lokusebenzisa izimpahla zemvelo inqubo ende futhi engabizi ngokungafanele. Ngakho-ke, izindleko zelayisense zokugcina nokucubungula imfucuza ephilayo ziqala kusuka ku-100 eziyizinkulungwane futhi zifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-1,5. Izinhlawulo zokwephula umthetho zimbi kakhulu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, akekho noyedwa wabantu abalimayo ophika, ngisho nabalimi basemadolobheni bayakwazi lokhu: umquba omusha ulimaza izitshalo, ungawushisa umhlaba umbi kakhulu kunekhemistri, uwenze ube ugwadule olungaphili. Emcabangweni, imithetho yokutholwa bekufanele ikhuthaze abakhiqizi bezolimo ukuthi basebenzise imfucuza ibe ngumanyolo obalulekile. Kepha lokhu akwenzekanga. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamuva kweSverdlovsk Union of Small and Medium Enterprise kukhombisa ukuthi alikho ibhizinisi elilodwa lezolimo esifundeni elinelayisense lokusebenza nemfucuza yezinkukhu kanye nenkukhu.
Umhlaba uya ngoku mpofu ngenxa yokuxhashazwa kakhulu. Lapho uthola amathani angama-30 ukuya kwangu-35 amazambane ngehektha elilodwa, i-chemistry iyodwa ngeke isebenze ukunxephezela lonke uhlobo lwezakhi zomsoco.
Ngonyaka odlule, kwadalwa amathani ayi-1,48 wezigidi zemfucuza yezolimo eMiddle Urals. Iningi lazo - amaphesenti angama-79,8 - akhiqizwa amashumi amabili epulazi elikhulu lezinkukhu nezinkukhu. Kunezindawo eziyi-141 ezibhaliswe esifundeni zokulahla udoti wezilwane nowezinyoni. Izindlu zokulahla impahla zithatha amahektha angaphezu kwama-200, amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200 zalokhu okuhle anqwabelene kuwo. Ngasikhathi sinye, amasayithi angama-28 awanamnikazi.
Ngo-Agasti nyakenye, ngokuphathwa ngokungemthetho kukadoti wezolimo, inkantolo yayalela inhlawulo yama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-43,1 ebhizinisini lezolimo iPolevskoye. Futhi kwaba lula: ekuqaleni inhlawulo yeqa izigidi eziyi-160. Maphakathi no-Okthoba, kwaqala ukusebenza isinqumo sokuthola izigidi ezingama-22 epulazini lezinkukhu laseNizhniy Tagil. Muva nje, ubuholi bayo buthole ithuba lokukhokha le mali kancane kancane. Ipulazi lezinkukhu i- "Reftinskaya" nalo lafakwa ohlwini lwabamnyama; iziphathimandla zokuphatha zalisola ngokuthi lidale umonakalo enhlabathini esamba sama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-287.
Umkhiqizo wemvelo oqediwe
Imibiko ethi abacwaningi baseRussia sebeqhamuke nobunye ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo bokucubungula imfucumfucu yenkukhu kanye nokufuya kuvela kaningi. Isibonelo, ngolunye usuku, ososayensi bakwaStavropol bamemezele ukuthi bakwazile ukuthola ama-biogas, umanyolo we-eco-form ngendlela yamaziga kanye nomanyolo wohlobo olusebenzayo lomkhakha wezitshalo. Le mikhiqizo inyusa isivuno sesitshalo cishe ingxenye yesithathu.
Kepha kunolwazi oluncane kakhulu ngokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe besimanje bokucutshungulwa kwemvelo. Ibhizinisi alijahile ukutshala imali ekukhiqizeni "ngephunga", uma libhekwa njengebhizinisi elingenzi inzuzo kakhulu. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yethu, e-Ural Federal District, esifundeni saseChelyabinsk kuphela, endaweni yemfuyo yomunye wabakhiqizi benyama abakhulu esifundeni, ngonyaka odlule, kwethulwa iphrojekthi yokukhiqiza umanyolo ophelele ovela emqubeni. Ngisho nasepulazini elikhulu lezinkukhu elisanda kwenziwa kabusha "iBorovskaya" esifundeni saseTyumen, ayikho imali eyabelwe ukuthenga imishini yokulungisa nokulahla imfucuza. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhizinisi elivuselelwe libhekene nenhlawulo yezono zakudala ngemfucuza.
Kulesi simo, abafuyi bemfuyo nezinkukhu bathole indlela yokuphuma, okungalindelekile kuziphathimandla zokuphatha. Ngokutshala imali ekucubunguleni okuphelele kobuchwepheshe obusha, baqala ukukhipha umkhiqizo onegama elisha - "i-agrochemical". Lolu uhlobo lomanyolo ophelile. Le nto ayifinyeleli emazingeni afanele, aqinisekisa ukungabikho kwezimpukane nephunga, kepha idlulise ukwelashwa okubulala amagciwane okudingekayo futhi yalala phansi, yaphepha emvelweni.
Empeleni, abalimi base-Ural bazama ukusebenzisa lo mkhiqizo. Kuze kube manje, njengoba sibona, akuphumelelanga kakhulu. Kepha, ngokusho kuka-Andrey Savchenko, abalimi abanayo enye indlela yokuphuma - ukuzala kwamasimu akuyona into engapheli.
"Kungenzeka ukuthi, sisendleleni yokuthola inkinga," kuphetha umlimi ngokwehlukana ngefilosofi.
Umbono
UViktor Kasatikov, Udokotela Wezesayensi Yezolimo, isisebenzi esihola phambili se-All-Russian Research Institute of Organic Fertilizer and Peat:
- Kuyinto eyodwa uma sikhuluma ngamapulazi amakhulu wezingulube noma amapulazi ezinkukhu, okunye kukhuluma ngomlimi okhiqiza ithani likamanyolo emnyakeni ngonyaka, futhi ukuze kusetshenzwe ngokugcwele lolu daba lwezinto eziphilayo udinga ukutshala okungenani ama-ruble ayisigidi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzokwazi ukuthola umkhiqizo olungele ukuthengiswa owenziwe ngokuya ngawo wonke ama-GOST ngonyaka nangonyaka. Lolu daba kumele luthintwe ngendlela ehlukile. Cabanga ngoxhaso lwesabelomali kubalimi abancane ukukhuthaza ukuphathwa okufanele kwemvelo. Kepha, ngeshwa, kusese lula ukuthi iziphathimandla zokuphatha zihlawulise kunokufeza ukwethulwa kwenqubo esebenzayo yokuvuselela kabusha.
Okwamanje
Iziphathimandla zaseChina zanquma ukungenisa i-Peat kusuka eRussia ukukhulisa ukuzala kwamasimu abo. Ukukhiqizwa okubanzi kwezolimo, kususelwa ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi komanyolo wamakhemikhali nezidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukukhula kanye nokuvuthwa, kuholele ekunciphiseni kwenhlabathi enkulu eChina. Ngokusho kwe-All-Russian Research Institute of Organic Fertilizer and Peat, abamele uMbuso Wasezulwini manje banentshiseko ngenkuthalo kubuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto nokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto eziphilayo. Muva nje, ibhizinisi lakwa-Ural lisayine inkontileka yesikhathi eside yama- $ 160 ezigidi ukulethwa kwe-peat eChina. Amavolumu angafika ezinkulungwaneni zamamitha ayi-600 ngonyaka.
Usizo lwe-WG
Njengamanje, kuzo zonke izigaba zamapulazi eRussia amathani ayizigidi ezingama-294 omquba nodoti, futhi ngonyaka ka-2030 inani lingafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-314. Kepha umthamo wokusebenzisa umanyolo we-organic awanele noma ukukhiqizwa okulula kokuzala komhlaba ongavunyelwa. Ukufaka kwabo isicelo kumiswe kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-53 ngonyaka, noma ngaphansi kwethani elilodwa ngehektha lendawo ehlwanyelwe, engamaphesenti ayishumi kuphela esidingo.
Source: https://agrovesti.net