Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussian Federation, ngo-2022, imboni ehlelekile yavuna cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyisi-7,23 zamazambane. Ngokusekelwe ekubikezelweni kwezindikimba zesifunda ze-agro-industrial complex, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kutholwe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-152 wezilimo eziyizigaxa kancane. Kunobufakazi bokuthi uhlelo seludlulile, kodwa ezimweni zamanje lokhu kuye kwaba sibi kakhulu isimo kubalimi bamazambane.
Kusukela ethembeni nasekuphelelweni ithemba
Amanani aphezulu esivuno sika-2021 kanye nenzuzo enhle esekelwe emiphumeleni yaso kwacindezela abalimi bamazambane baseRussia esinqumweni sokwandisa indawo engaphansi kwesitshalo ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30. Futhi isizini entsha ithembise ukuthi izobaqopha ngempela.
"Uhlelo lokukhiqiza amazambane ngo-2022 lufezwe ngamaphesenti ayi-102," kuphawula umqondisi omkhulu we-Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants (Potato Union) U-Alexey Krasilnikov. – Uma sicabangela isivuno esimaphakathi eminyakeni embalwa edlule (amathani angama-24-25 ehektheleni), isivuno sonke singafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-7,4. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, abakhiqizi bezolimo baqede isizini ngokulahlekelwa okukhulu.
“Unyaka odlule ube nzima kubalimi bamazambane nemifino,” kuqinisekisa inhloko yepulazi labalimi baseSverdlovsk. U-Andrey Aymetov. “Sathenga umanyolo kusenesikhathi, samisa imali yezidingo zesikhathi esizayo, saphinde sakhiqiza amazambane. Bakwenze konke ngendlela efanele, ngobuchule, batshala imali eningi ngethemba lokuthi isizini izoba yinhle. Kodwa ekugcineni bavele bayilahla imali.
Nakuba ezingeni layo yonke iRussia kwakungenzeka ukumba amazambane endaweni engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-282,6, noma amaphesenti angama-94 alokho okutshaliwe, ukulahlekelwa kukhulu. Ezifundeni eziningi, kufaka phakathi iTula, iLipetsk, iTambov, iBelgorod, i-Orenburg, iRyazan, izifunda zaseKirov, iTransbaikal kanye nezindawo zasePrimorsky, iRiphabhulikhi yaseMari El, iMordovia, iChuvashia, i-Ingushetia, iKabardino-Balkaria, iKhakassia neKomi. Amaphesenti angu-11 kuya kwangu-48 esivuno.
Kodwa ukudumala okukhulu kwakulindelwe abalimi lapho beqala ukuthengisa imikhiqizo yabo. Ukugcwala ngokweqile kwemakethe, ukuncintisana okuqinile, amanani ehle afika emazingeni amancane, ukuntuleka kwesidingo - konke lokhu kuncishe abakhiqizi ithuba lokuvala isizini ngenzuzo elindelwe.
Ingabe sikhona isimo sezulu esibi?
Igalelo elingokwemvelo ekulimeni amazambane lalingenakubikezelwa noma livinjwe.
Isikhathi eside esibandayo sasentwasahlobo kanye nesomiso sasehlobo silethe izinkinga eziningi kubalimi bamazambane, ngenxa yalokho isivuno sehle kakhulu kanye nezinga lezilimo eziyizigaxa.
"Ngemuva kwehlobo elomile lango-2021, uJulayi no-Agasti 2022 laba lincane kakhulu ngokwemvula," kuvuma u-Alexey Mikheev, iPhini Lomqondisi-Jikelele Wokukhulisa Izitshalo epulazini lase-Krasny Mayak elizinze eYaroslavl. “Yingakho ibhizinisi lethu lingafinyelelanga ezingeni lesivuno; amazambane ayengenawo umswakama owanele. Futhi ngenxa yenkathi yokukhula kancane, izilimo eziyizigaxa azikwazanga ukwakha isikhumba esiqine ngokwanele. Entwasahlobo, ngokuphambene nalokho, umswakama ophezulu wabhalwa. Kwakusele izigaxa eziningi emhlabathini, okwabangela ukulimala kumazambane ngesikhathi sokuvuna.
"Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, sasisenemvula," inhloko yepulazi labalimi baseNovgorod, u-Alexander Alekseev, wabelana ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe, "kodwa kusukela ekupheleni kukaJulayi kuze kube uSepthemba kwakungekho nhlobo imvula. Imishini epulazini lami ayiyona yesimanje kakhulu, eminye imishini ivela ezikhathini zaseSoviet, futhi akunakwenzeka ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa ezijulile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zici ezimbili kwaholela ekutheni amazambane ahlaselwe isomiso senhlabathi futhi azalwa emancane.
“Ngenxa yemvula kaJuni, kwakhiwa izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingaba ngu-25-30 esihlahleni ngasinye,” kuchaza u-Andrey Aimetov. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokukhula kwawo, lapho ukushisa kwakungama-degree angu-30-40, alizange line ngisho neconsi lemvula. Ngakho sathola amazambane amaningi ububanzi obuyi-40 kuya ku-50 mm. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, izilimo eziyizigaxa zalimala ngomshini, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi inhlabathi yahlala iqinile njengetshe.
“Sekuyisikhathi eside ipulazi lethu likhiqiza amazambane,” kusho isazi sezolimo namahlathi saseTver ipulazi iSaratov A.V. Evgeniy Saratov. "Kepha enkumbulweni yethu akukaze kube nokuhlanzwa okunje ngo-2022." Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inhlabathi yomiswe ngokweqile, kwakheka inqwaba yezigaxa, okwathi, kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa, zangena endaweni yokugcina. Kodwa kunencazelo yalokhu. Satshala amazambane esiphethwini esomile, esibandayo ngaphambi kokuba inhlabathi ibe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Ukushicilelwa okuhlukile kunganikelwa ekuhlanzeni isizini ka-2022.
“Ngenxa yesimo sezulu, kwethulwe isimo esiphuthumayo ezifundeni ezingu-16 zezwe,” kusho U-Alexey Krasilnikov. - Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abaholi abaziwayo ekukhiqizeni amazambane. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi enhlabathini phakathi nokuvuna, isimo esiphuthumayo sathuthuka ezindaweni zaseTula, Belgorod, Oryol, Lipetsk, Ryazan, Penza, Voronezh, Tambov, Kursk naseBryansk.
Ngo-September no-October, abalimi abaningi bavele bangakwazi ukungena ensimini, njengoba imvula ayizange iphele amasonto. Ijubane lomsebenzi lancipha kakhulu, kwalahleka isikhathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, amasimu ayengavunwa ngaphambi kokuba isithwathwa simbozwe yiqhwa.
Kukhona ulwelwesi lwesiliva
Isimo sezombangazwe emhlabeni siye sabangela ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yezimpahla nemisebenzi eminingi, okuye kwathinta izindleko zomsebenzi wezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kube nokuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo ezisebenza kahle zezokuthutha.
Abasebenzi baseNtshonalanga benqaba ukuletha impahla ebheke eRussia, futhi kwaba nezinkinga ngemikhumbi yezimpahla nezokuthutha ngololiwe. Abaningi kudingeke ukuthi baqondise kabusha izinto zokuthutha ezimotweni, kodwa ukushoda kwazo akubavumelanga ukuthi bahlangabezane nezikhathi ezimfushane.
“Ukubambezeleka kokuhlinzekwa kwemishini nezingxenye ezisele kwadinga ukungenela kweziphathimandla zikahulumeni,” kusho U-Alexey Krasilnikov. “Ngemuva kwalokho, abadayisi basezindlini benza yonke imizamo yokunikeza abalimi izinsimbi eziyisipele futhi bavimbele ukungasebenzi emsebenzini wabo. Futhi lapho izindleko zikamanyolo wezimbiwa zenyuka cishe ngamaphesenti angama-50, ngosizo loMnyango Wezimboni Nezohwebo kanye noMnyango Wezolimo, ukukhuphuka kwamanani kwamiswa.
Naphezu kwabo bonke ubunzima, phakathi nenkathi edlule, abalimi bakwazile ukuthenga imishini yezolimo eminingi, yasekhaya neyangaphandle. Akukakwazi ukwanelisa ngokugcwele isidingo, futhi ngenani lezinto, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhlanganisa ukuvuna imifino namazambane, kunohlu lokulinda lweminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu ezayo.
“Ehlobo, lapho i-ruble iqina, sasikhokha kusengaphambili imishini emisha futhi saqala ukwakha i-hangar yokugcina izitshalo,” kuphawula. I-albhamu Saratov. - Lokhu kwabuye kwaqhutshwa intengo ephezulu yemikhiqizo yethu ngonyaka odlule, okwasivumela ukuba senze inzuzo enhle. Yiqiniso, ngoDisemba, lapho imali kazwelonke ilahlekelwa amandla, izindleko zezimoto zenyuka kakhulu. Isibonelo, umvuni wamazambane wenyuka ngokushesha ngentengo ngama-ruble ayizigidi ezi-4.
Ufuna izimakethe
Ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokuvuna wango-2022, kwaqoqwa inani elikhulu lamazambane amancane. Futhi lokhu kwenza kwaba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi abakhiqizi bathengise izitshalo zabo.
"Kunesidingo sokwenza izinqumo zokunciphisa izidingo zamaketanga okuthengisa," ukholelwa ukuthi U-Alexey Krasilnikov. - Amazambane aphakathi nendawo awekho ngaphansi kwekhwalithi kumakhulu futhi anezakhiwo ezifanayo ezizuzisayo nezinambitha. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba khona isidingo sabathengi semikhiqizo enjalo. I-Potato Union ihlela ukubamba izingxoxo nabathengisi baseRussia ngalesi sihloko esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
“Ngokombono wami, namuhla amaketanga anikeza amazambane angahlangabezani nezidingo zawo ngobukhulu noma izinga,” esho ngokumangala. Evgeniy Saratov. - Kodwa isitolo sethu se-chain senqaba ukwamukela izilimo eziyizigaxa ngisho nokuqhekeka okuncane. Isimo saba sibi maphakathi nekwindla, lapho kwaphela isonto sithengisa lutho. Kodwa kwavela iklayenti elathatha amazambane ukuze liwashe futhi lidayiswe, futhi ngokushesha safinyelela amavolumu amahle.
“Eminyakeni edlule, sasithumela amazambane ngeloli, futhi amakhasimende ayema kolayini,” kukhumbula U-Andrey Aymetov. “Kodwa ekwindla edlule kwadingeka siqhudelane nozakwethu abavela ezifundeni zaseKemerovo nase-Omsk, lapho beletha khona izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu ngama-ruble angama-7-8 ngekhilogremu ngayinye. Lapho kuqala ukulethwa kwemikhiqizo yethu e-Uzbekistan, kubonakala sengathi imakethe yokuthengisa yayisitholakele ekugcineni. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazambane alethwa lapho evela ezindaweni zaseSverdlovsk naseChelyabinsk, ngenxa yalokho intengo yehla futhi ukuthengisa kuyeka. Kodwa asidikibali futhi siyaqhubeka nokusesha ngenkuthalo amakhasimende esiwanikeza ama-tubers ahlungiwe futhi apakishwe amahlanu-plus caliber.
“Ebhizinisini lethu, amazambane ahlukaniswa abe izingxenyana futhi ahlungwe ngekhwalithi ngaphambi kokuthengiswa,” kusho U-Alexey Mikheev.- Ezinkulu ziya emaketangeni okuthengisa, izigaxa ezimaphakathi ziya kubathengisi abancane, osomabhizinisi, futhi zithengiswa ngezitolo zabo. Kukhona uhlelo olucacile, futhi ngokuhambisana nalo kufanele silawule ukuqaphela isivuno sonke ngaphambi kokuphela kwentwasahlobo.
Bengaboni ukunyuka kwentengo, abakhiqizi abaningi bakumisile ukudayiswa kwamazambane, kanti selokhu kuqale unyaka omusha basiqaphe ngeso lokhozi isimo emakethe.
“Ngenza imali enhle ngo-2021,” kuchaza Alexander Alekseev, - ngakho nginqume ukushintsha ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ukuthenga izinto zokusebenza, nokuthenga imbewu yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukuze enze amacebo akhe aphile, kwakudingeka asebenzise imali ayeyibolekile. Futhi ngathengisa amazambane amasha okuvuna ngaze ngakhokha izikweletu zami. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, bengilindele ukuthi izindleko zemikhiqizo zikhuphuke, ngoba ukuyithengisa manje kusho ukwephula. Ngicabanga ukuthi intengo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ngeke neze ifane nonyaka odlule. Kodwa ngithemba ukuthi ngentwasahlobo izokhuphuka ibe okungenani ama-ruble angu-18-20 ngekhilogremu ngayinye.
Nokho, akuwona wonke umuntu ozokwazi ukulinda amanani akhangayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa. Amapulazi ayevuna izitshalo endaweni enomswakama ophezulu abhekana nenye inkinga. Umswakama owedlulele ube nomthelela omubi ekugcinweni kwekhwalithi yamazambane athunyelwe ukuthi agcinwe ngamavolumu amakhulu.
Ibheke ekukhiqizeni okuphumelelayo
Abalimi abavela ezifundeni ezitshiyeneyo bayavumelana ukuthi ngesikhathi somnyaka omutsha kumele kuncitshiswe indawo engaphansi kwezilimo. Unyaka odlule ubonise ngokucacile imiphumela yokukhiqiza ngokweqile.
"Ukwakhiwa kwenqwaba yamabhizinisi okucubungula kumisiwe ngenxa yokushiya kwezimali zakwamanye amazwe ezweni lethu," kukhumbula. U-Alexey Krasilnikov. “Kodwa nokho silindele ukuthi ivolumu yokucubungula ngo-2024 izoba okungenani amathani ayizigidi ezi-2 wezilimo eziyizigaxa ngonyaka. Amafektri okukhiqizwa kwamafrimu nama-starch aseFrance azovela maduze ezindaweni eziningana zaseRussia, isibonelo, esifundeni saseKaliningrad, eLipetsk, eTula naseMoscow. Ngokuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi anjalo, kuzokwazi ukususa ubuningi bempahla eningi emakethe, okuzosiza ukugcina inzuzo yabakhiqizi bezolimo ezingeni elihloniphekile.
“Ngonyaka odlule sitshale amahektha angama-30 ama-chips amazambane,” kusho U-Alexey Mikheev. – Ukuvuna okwaba umphumela, amathani angaphezu kuka-700, kwathengiswa ngokushesha ngentengo efanelekile, futhi zonke izilimo eziyizigaxa, kusukela ku-35 mm, zathengiswa. Siwujabulele umphumela futhi cishe sizoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa le ndawo. Imakethe yaseRussia ayikagcwaliswa ngamazambane ukuze acutshungulwe. Isidingo sayo sihlala siphezulu, okuyinto nakanjani ongasizakala ngayo.
“Isabelo samazambane ama-chips emasimini ethu sesifinyelele kumaphesenti angama-30, kodwa sithanda ukukwenyusa sifinyelele ku-50,” usho kanje ngezinhlelo zakhe. Evgeniy Saratov. - Ngonyaka wesibili manje, imikhiqizo inikezwe inkampani enkulu yaseNtshonalanga esebenza eRussia. Amanani amazambane ama-chip athandeka kakhulu kunamazambane okudla, futhi ngibona amathemba amahle ekwandiseni ukukhiqizwa kwawo. Uma sikhuluma ngomnotho wonkana, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi wawo.
“Silwela intuthuko, sitshala imali ekukhiqizeni, sidale amathuba emisebenzi emisha, sithuthukise ingqalasizinda yesifunda sethu,” kugcizelela U-Andrey Aymetov.– Ngesizini edlule, ukwakhiwa kwaqala endaweni yokugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane ezintathu, lapho zonke izimali ezikhona zaziqondiswa khona. Sinomugqa wethu wokuhlunga, kodwa futhi sidinga ukudala amakhono okucubungula nokupakisha, okuzodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile. Umgomo wethu uwukufaka amaketanga okuthengisa ngemikhiqizo yethu futhi singene ezinkontileka zesikhathi eside nabo. Ngale njongo, kwakhiwa umfelandawonye ozohlanganisa amabhizinisi amaningana futhi uzovumela ukuthengiswa kwamazambane ngendlela ehlelekile nehlelekile.
Ekupheleni kukaNovemba 2022, iRosstat ishicilele imininingwane yokubalwa kwabantu kwezolimo okwenziwa ngonyaka owedlule. Imiphumela yayo ibonise ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa no-2016, indawo engaphansi kwamazambane emapulazini azimele yehla isuka esigidini esisodwa yaya kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amahlanu.
"Ukwenqaba kwesibalo sabantu ukutshala izitshalo kuvula amathuba amahle emkhakheni wezimpahla," ngiyaqiniseka. U-Alexey Krasilnikov.– Futhi uma lo mkhuba uqhubeka, abalimi bazokwazi ngokunengqondo ukwandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza ngaphandle kokwesaba ukugcwala ngokweqile kwezimakethe kanye nesidingo esiphansi semikhiqizo.
Ukwehla kwentengo yamazambane ekupheleni kwesizini ka-2022 kwabamangaza abaningi. Isimo singase siziphinde kule sizini, ngakho-ke ukwamukelwa kwezinyathelo zokwesekwa kombuso kunethuba elikhulu.
NgoJanuwari 1, 2023, iphrojekthi yenhlangano "Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwemifino namazambane" yaqala ukusebenza. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kuzokhuphuka ngamaphesenti angama-2030 ukukhiqizwa kwe-tuber emkhakheni ohleliwe ngo-20. Mhlawumbe ukusekelwa kwe-ruble kuzobonakala ekupheleni kwenkathi elandelayo, futhi abalimi bazoba nezizathu eziningi zokukhuluma ngokunqoba kanye nempumelelo.
U-Irina Berg