Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokuvikela izitshalo idlula ezikhathini ezinzima. Ubukhulu bemakethe ye-PPP behla busuka ku-$60,5 billion ngo-2014 baya ku-$54,15 billion ngo-2017. Ngonyaka odlule wezi-2018, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ikhule ngokuzithoba ngo-2,03%. Kodwa lokhu akunakubhekwa njengesizathu sokuba nethemba. Izinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nokuqiniswa kwemithetho evimbela amaqembu athile ezibulala-zinambuzane sezivele zaba nomthelela omubi emakethe futhi ziyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela omubi emakethe.
Ngokusho kukaBob Fairclough, oyi-CEO ye-Amis AgriGlobe, imboni izobhekana nezinselelo eziningi kulo nyaka, okuhlanganisa nomthelela wezinqumo zezombangazwe, "izimpi zohwebo" kanye "nokuhlaza" okuvamile kwenkambo ye-European Union nezinye izifunda. Enye yezimpendulo ezingaba khona kulezi zinselele kungaba ubuchwepheshe obusha bedijithali, obuzibonakalisa ngokwandayo embonini yokuvikela izitshalo.
Ukuhlola izinga ledijithali lezinkampani nezakhiwo ezisebenza embonini yemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, I-AgriBusinessGlobal yahlola abantu abangu-210 abavela emazweni angu-57. Abakhiqizi (36%), abasabalalisi (25%), kanye nabamele amanyuvesi, ohulumeni, izinhlangano, ama-NGO, ukubonisana nezinye izinhlangano babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo izinkampani ezihlolwayo ezisebenza nalo livezwa kuShadi 1.
Njengoba ucwaningo lukhombisile, zingama-26,7% kuphela ezinkampani ezahlolwa njengamanje ezisebenza ngobuchwepheshe bokulima obuqondile, ezingaphezu kuka-23,8% ezisebenza ngemishini yalokhu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukulima ngokunemba kuseyinsada ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, isithombe sizoshintsha maduze nje: abangaphezu kuka-82% abaphendulile bakholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okunembile kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo kuzokhula kakhulu ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezizayo. Ngaphansi kuka-5% wabaphenduli bangavumelana noma baphikise ngokuqinile lesi sitatimende.
Njengoba omunye owaphendula inhlolo-vo akubeka: “Izinhlelo zokusebenza zedijithali zizoba ukhiye esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, ukuqina nokulungela imithetho yesikhathi esizayo nezingcindezi zomphakathi.”
Ama-drones nezibulala-zinambuzane
Izinguquko zizokwenzeka kokubili kwezindiza kanye nokuphatha phansi. Ngaphezu kuka-86% wabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuthi ama-drones nama-drones azoba nomthelela omkhulu noma umthelela othile ekuvikelweni kwezitshalo. Ngisho nangaphezulu (92%) bathi "ukulawula isifutho sezibulala-zinambuzane nokusebenzisa okuguquguqukayo" kuzoba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kokuvikela izitshalo.
“Ukwakha amafomu amasha kufanele kube yisinyathelo sokuqala. Kunamathuba lapha onjiniyela,” kusho uCS Liew, umqondisi ophethe wePacific Agriscience Pte Ltd futhi oyilungu lebhodi labeluleki lomhlaba wonke le-AgriBusiness. "Ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones ekwelashweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwakhiwe amafomu amasha."
Ama-Drones azoba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu eNyakatho Melika, ngokocwaningo, ngaphezudlwana kuka-50% wabaphenduli balinganisele isifunda njengendawo lapho ama-drones/UAV azogcina eguqule isimo sokuvikela izitshalo. I-US njengamanje inemithethonqubo edinga ukuthi abaqhubi be-drone babe nomugqa oqondile wokubuka ama-drones abo ngenkathi isebenza, futhi imikhiqizo kufanele ibhalwe ukuthi izosetshenziswa emoyeni. Izindawo ezinkulu zezitshalo nazo zibeka imikhawulo kubuchwepheshe - impilo yebhethri kuma-drones kanye nomthwalo ongase ube khona wokukhokhelwa awukabi mkhulu kangako.
Imithetho eqinile kancane e-China naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ilethe lezi zifunda endaweni yesine ohlwini lwamazwe lapho ama-drones/UAV ezoba nomthelela omkhulu.
Kunezinye izici ezizoba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-drones. "Emazweni lapho izimakethe zilawulwa kakhulu, idatha eyengeziwe izodingeka ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuhlukahluka kwemishini yobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza," kusho omunye umphenduli. "Lokhu kuzophazamisa noma yikuphi ukwamukelwa kusenesikhathi ngenxa yezindleko zezimali nesikhathi esihilelekile ekukhiqizeni idatha enjalo."
Ground Solutions
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi isimo sokusetshenziswa komhlaba kwezibulala-zinambuzane siyefana: INyakatho Melika, iNtshonalanga Yurophu kanye neNingizimu Melika yathatha izindawo ezintathu eziphezulu, iChina/iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia yawela endaweni yesihlanu ngemuva kweMpumalanga Yurophu.
Ukwabiwa kwezihlalo akuzange kuthinteke kuphela ngokucindezela kokulawula ukuze kwandiswe ukunemba kwesicelo, kodwa futhi nezindaba ezihlobene ne-glyphosate. Imithetho evimbela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nokukhula kokumelana nokhula ibhebhezela isithakazelo esikhulayo ekusetshenzisweni okunembile/okulawulwayo kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo. Ngokocwaningo, u-49% uthe izinkinga ze-glyphosate zinomthelela omkhulu ekuguquleni indlela ababheka ngayo ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Ukuze ukusetshenziswa okuhlukene nokunembayo kwezibulala-zinambuzane kwande kakhudlwana, ubuchwepheshe obusha budinga ukukhuthazwa kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
“Abadayisi badinga ukwenza umsebenzi ongcono wokuphromotha uhlelo lokusebenza olunembayo nokuthuthukisa izincomo ezintsha kumakhasimende abo,” kubhala omunye umphenduli. “Lokhu kubanika ithuba elibalulekile lokugcina amakhasimende bese beshintsha inzuzo elahlekile ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lokudayiswa. Ubuchwepheshe nezinkampani ezihlinzeka “ngeresiphi” yokusetshenziswa okunembile kwamakhemikhali ezolimo zizophumelela ekugcineni.”
Ubuchwepheshe bezithako ezisebenzayo emashumini eminyaka adlule buye benza abalimi bakwazi ukwehlisa inani lezibulala-zinambuzane ezidingekayo ukuze kufuthwe izitshalo. Futhi ukusetshenziswa okunembile kunganciphisa kakhulu inani lomkhiqizo ofuthwe. Cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabaphendulayo ziyavuma ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokufaka isicelo obunembayo buzonciphisa ukuthengiswa kwe-agrochemical phakathi nezinyanga ezizayo eziyi-12-24.
“Ukunciphisa inani lamalitha okukhiqizwa kungase kungathandeki ezinkampanini ezikhiqizayo,” kusho omunye owaphendula. "Kodwa izinhlanganisela ezintsha kanye nokwakheka okungasetshenziswa kuma-drones/drones kungaba nenzuzo enkulu kunokuthengisa amalitha amaningi."
Ngisho nalabo abacabanga ukuthi kungathatha isikhathi eside bayazi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokunemba akunakugwenywa.
“Izibikezelo zinelungelo lokuba khona, kodwa kuze kube manje kunezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezingaphezu kwalokho obekulindelekile. Kuzothatha isikhathi eside kunalokho obekubikezelwe ngaphambi kokuba ukufafaza nge-drone kusabalele engxenyeni enkulu yomhlaba olinywayo,” kusho omunye umphenduli. Omunye owaphendula wakubeka ngale ndlela: “Njengezinqubo eziningi, ukusetshenziswa okunembile kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo kuyothola indawo yako; kodwa lokhu ngeke kube ukuphela okuphelele kwalokho okukhona manje.
Inselele ezinkampanini eziningi ezithanda ukulima ngokunemba ukucacisa ukuthi zingayitshala kuphi imali namandla azo.
Bangaphezu kuka-90% ababambiqhaza bocwaningo bavumelana nesitatimende sokuthi "izinkampani ze-agrochemical nezinkampani ezigxile ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe obunembayo zizodinga ukuhlola amathuba okubambisana kwebhizinisi phakathi nezinyanga ezizayo eziyi-12-24."
Futhi, kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa okunembile kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yokunikezwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokulima ngokusetshenziswa kwedijithali. Njengoba omunye owaphendula akubeka: “Kudingeka izicelo ezintsha. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones noma ukusetshenziswa okunembile kwezibulala-zinambuzane kukodwa ngeke kwanele.”
Iminyaka embalwa ezayo kufanele ibe mnandi ekusetshenzisweni kwesibulala-zinambuzane ngokuqondile kanye nezolimo ezinembayo ngokuvamile. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi lokhu akuyona imfashini edlulayo futhi kufanele izinkampani zizilungiselele ukubhekana nalo mkhuba okhulayo. Omunye owaphendula inhlolovo usikisela ukuthi izinguquko ezizayo zizoba nomthelela omkhulu nokuhlala njalo embonini: “Ukulima okunembayo kuzoba uguquko olulandelayo ngemva kweNguquko Yokuhlaza.”
Funda ngokugcwele: https://www.agroxxi.ru/