I-Parsnip, noma i-meadow, noma evamile (lat. Pastinaca sativa) isitshalo se-herbaceous biennial somndeni wesambulela. Igama lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini elithi "pastus", elisho "ukudla, ukondla, ukondleka."
Lena imifino ehlwabusayo futhi enempilo: izimpande ze-parsnip ziqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, i-fibre yokudla, amavithamini (E, B2, B1, K, C kanye ne-folic acid) namaminerali. Kukhona futhi amafutha abalulekile kanye noshukela wemvelo (i-fructose ne-sucrose).
AmaParsnip adabuka eMedithera. Yayaziwa kumaGreki asendulo namaRoma ngokuthi "pastinaka", imifino esetshenziselwa ukudla kanye nezinjongo zokwelapha, kanye nokudla kwemfuyo. Maphakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX, ama-parsnip ayesewumkhiqizo ofanayo ojwayelekile futhi othengekayo kubantu baseYurophu njengoba amazambane ayenjalo ngesikhathi esizayo, kwathi ngekhulu le-XNUMX ama-parsnip nawo avela eRussia - sayibiza ngokuthi "i-borscht yasensimini".
Namuhla, ama-parsnip ezweni lakithi ahlukaniswa njengezitshalo "ezingadingeki", noma kunjalo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokudla enempilo, ngokuqinisekile iba ngomunye wemikhiqizo ethembisayo kakhulu abalimi okufanele bayinake ngokukhethekile.
AMAHYBRIDI OKHIQIZA AHLANGANISWA YI-BEJO KANYE NE-ELSOMS
ISITHOMBE F1: Isikhathi sokumila izinsuku eziyi-140. Plastic hybrid, kulula ukukhula. Ihlukile ekukhuleni okunamandla ngokwedlulele, inamandla aphezulu okukhiqiza. Kulula ukuhlunga nokupakisha. Imelana nokujiya. Ifanele ukudonsa ukuhlanza. Ukumelana nezifo okuphezulu. Ifomu lempande lithi D/E.
ISIGODLO F1: Isikhathi sokumila izinsuku eziyi-140. Le hybrid idume kakhulu emakethe. Ihluke ekukhuleni okusheshayo esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula. Ifanele ukukhiqizwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Inamandla okukhiqiza aphezulu, ukumelana nezifo okuhle. Ifanele ukudonsa ukuhlanza. Ingathengiswa njengempahla yesiqephu. Umumo wezimpande - D.
I-PANORAMA F1: Isikhathi sokumila izinsuku eziyi-150. Ihluka ekuphumeni okuphezulu kwempande yempahla. Ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yonyaka wonke. Inkimbinkimbi enkulu yokumelana nezifo zemishini yeqabunga kanye nempande, evumela ukusetshenziswa kwale hybrid ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ephilayo. Kungenzeka ukuvuna ngenhlanganisela yokudonsa. Umumo wezimpande C.
UBUCHWEPHESHE BOKUKHULA
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhulisa isitshalo - ukuhlwanyela ngokuqondile nokutshala izithombo. Eyokuqala idume kakhulu.
I-Parsnip iyisitshalo esikwazi ukumelana nokubanda kakhulu ezitshalweni zezimpande: imbewu iqala ukuhluma ngo-2-3 ° C, izithombo zimelana nesithwathwa kuze kufike.
-5°C. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala imbewu kungaqalwa kusenesikhathi. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha abalulekile enzalweni, i-parsnip ihluma kabi kakhulu: ukubukeka kwamahlumela kungalindelwa kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-30, kodwa uma usebenzisa imbewu ehlumayo, igama elithi .
ukulinda ukuhluma kuncishiswe kube yizinsuku eziyi-10. Iphethini yokuhlwanyela ejwayelekile: imigqa emine ephindwe kabili. Izinga lembewu: 300 - 000 imbewu ngehektare elilodwa,
lezi imbewu ezingama-35-40 kumitha elilodwa lomugqa ngokujula okungafika ku-1 cm.
Lapho ukhula ama-parsnips ngezithombo, kubalulekile ukunaka izici zesiko. Ngakho, ukuze ukuthuthukiswa evamile izithombo
udinga amahora amade okukhanya emini (okungenani amahora ayi-14), ngakho-ke zilungiselele ukuhlela ukukhanya okwengeziwe kwezithombo. Ukunisela
kwenziwa njengoba inhlabathi engaphezulu yomile ezimbizeni. Zama ukuthi ungafaki izitshalo ngokweqile: kusuka kumswakama omile ezimpandeni
bangagula bafe.
Ukutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile kwenziwa maphakathi noMeyi, lapho izithombo zinezinsuku ezingama-28-30 ubudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, njengomthetho,
isithwathwa sokubuya sesiphelile, futhi inhlabathi isifudumale ngokwanele.
Izanduleli ezinhle kakhulu zama-parsnip u-anyanisi, iklabishi, ama-beet namazambane.
UKUHLANZA NOKUGCINWA
Ukuvunwa kwezitshalo zezimpande kwenzeka ekwindla, ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa esibi. Umsebenzi omningi wenziwa ngesandla: izitshalo zezimpande zimbiwa ngebakaki, zizama ukungonakali. Njengoba iziqongo zama-parsnip zingashiya ukusha ezandleni zakho, amagilavu asetshenziswa.
Izitshalo zezimpande zigcinwa ngendlela efanayo nezaqathi - emabhokisini anesihlabathi ekushiseni kuka-0-2 ° C kanye nomswakama womoya wama-80-85%.
Uma izinga lokushisa endaweni yokugcina liphakeme, izitshalo zezimpande ziyathamba, ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezifudumele lapho kungekho khona ubusika obubandayo, kungcono ukungazimbi nhlobo - zingena kahle emhlabathini. Uma izitshalo zishiywa ngaphambi kobusika, amaqabunga anqunywa ekwindla, futhi izitshalo zempande zihlutshiwe. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhula kabusha, zimbiwa.
Isilinganiso sesivuno sezimpande: 40-50 t/ha.
IZINDABA ZOKUDAYISA
I-Parsnip ikhiqizwa ukuze ithengiswe futhi isetshenzwe. Esimweni sokuqala, iningi lemikhiqizo liza ezitolo ngefomu elihlanganisiwe (kodwa kungenzeka futhi ukuthengisa ngesisindo). Usayizi wempande ofanelekile wokuthengiswa okusha ngu-35-75 mm.
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