I-autumn eRussia yisikhathi sokugoqa amathini. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lomsebenzi wasendlini luya ngokuya luncipha phakathi kwamakhosikazi anamuhla. Kubukeka sengathi leli qiniso kufanele livule amathuba amasha kubakhiqizi bemifino efakwe ethini nabalimi abatshala imifino...
Kodwa empeleni, yonke into ayicacile kangako.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiqizwa kwemifino ekheniwe ezweni kuyanda ngempela, amabhizinisi amasha avuleka, isidingo sikhula.
Ngokusho kwe-BusinesStat, kusukela ngo-2012 kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2016, umthamo wokuthengiswa kokudla okusemathinini ukhuphuke ngo-5,4% futhi waba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2016 ngo-1,34. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhetha kwemifino ekheniwe emashalofini esitolo kuhlala kunomkhawulo. Okwamanje, ingxenye yengonyama yemakethe yemifino ekheniwe yaseRussia ingeyamaqembu amaningana emikhiqizo - lawa amakhukhamba ekheniwe notamatisi; uphizi oluhlaza kanye nommbila; unamathisele utamatisi; ubhontshisi; i-squash caviar; iminqumo neminqumo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, iklabishi, izaqathe, ama-beet, u-anyanisi, namazambane atshalwa kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi. Okunye kwalokhu kukhiqizwa nakho kusetshenziselwa ukongiwa kwemvelo, kodwa kuze kube manje akubalulekile. Amasaladi, ama-beet afakwe emanzini anosawoti, isobho esenziwe ngomumo - konke lokhu emafekthri amakhulu kuvame ukuhlanganisa i-assortment eyinhloko, futhi isidingo salezi zinto ezifundeni ezimaphakathi neRussia asikabi phezulu ngokwanele ukukhuthaza amafekthri ukuthi akhulise umthamo wokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi. ngoba akulula ukwenza njalo.
IZINDABA ZEZImboni
Ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza imifino ekheniwe, njenganoma iyiphi enye ehlobene nokukhiqiza, ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi kulula. Ukuqala kwephrojekthi kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile (cishe yonke imikhiqizo idinga umugqa ohlukile). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imishini ebizayo isetshenziswa ngokwesilinganiso izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke izinkinga kubasebenzi: izinyanga ezintathu ngonyaka abantu baqashwa ngamashifu amathathu, abasele abayisishiyagalolunye - awukho umsebenzi. Amanani okuthengisa nawo ancike ngqo esikhathini sonyaka.
Isikhathi sonyaka singenye yezinkinga ezibalulekile zamabhizinisi kulo mkhakha. Ngokusho kochwepheshe emakethe yokongiwa kwemvelo, umbhali wekhasi le-Facebook elithi "Tips of the Conservator", umdayisi uDaria Bakushina, umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza uwela ehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ngakho-ke, lesi yisikhathi ebiza kakhulu izimboni (impahla eluhlaza kuthengwa), kodwa yilezi zinyanga lapho imboni ifinyelela "phansi" yokuthengisa: abathengi bakhetha imifino emisha kuneyasemathinini. Izimali ezitshaliwe ziqala ukubuya kancane kancane (ngokuya ngohlobo lokongiwa kwemvelo) hhayi ngaphambi kukaNovemba, kodwa ngokuvamile kamuva kakhulu, njengoba imikhiqizo ivame ukuthunyelwa ezitolo ngenkokhelo ehlehlisiwe.
Kungokwemvelo ukuthi ukunakwa okuyinhloko ekukhiqizeni kunikezwe izikhundla eziseceleni kakhulu. Ngokusho kukaDaria Bakushina, akunanzuzo kumkhiqizi ukugcina umkhiqizo wasebusika ngenzuzo yamathini angaphansi kuka-200, kuyilapho ehlobo kufanele kube cishe izigidi zamathini. Amasaladi (kanye neminye imikhiqizo evela emifino yesethi ye-borscht) ayiyona ingxenye yalesi sigaba. Ngakho-ke, zivame ukwenziwa "ngenkathi yokuphumula", kusukela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezibiza kakhulu. Futhi lokhu, njengoba uchwepheshe egcizelela, futhi kuthinta ukuthandwa komkhiqizo: isaladi elihle elihlwabusayo alikwazi ukubiza ngaphansi kwama-ruble angu-100, futhi umthengi akakakulungeli ukukhokha leyo mali.
Enye inkinga izinga eliphezulu lokuncintisana kanye nobunzima bokungena emaketangeni okudayisa. Ngokusho kukaLeonid Goncharov, umqondisi wezohwebo we-Abakanskaya Factory-Kitchen LLC, endaweni lapho ibhizinisi lakhe lisebenza khona (ukukhiqizwa kwamasobho asethinini esenziwe ngomumo kanye nezifundo zesibili), kukhona okungenani izimboni eziyikhulu abancintisana nazo nsuku zonke. ishalofu esitolo.
Abakhiqizi bemifino ekheniwe yemvelo (amazambane, izaqathe, beet, u-anyanisi ekugcwaliseni) babona isimo emakethe kancane kancane. Lezi zimpahla ezisemathinini zinikezwa izikhungo zomthetho, izibhedlela, nezifunda zaseNyakatho Ekude. Nakuba kukhona ukuncintisana lapha futhi: inkontileka yombuso yempahla itholwa yilowo okwazi ukunikeza umkhiqizo ohlangabezana nezidingo ze-GOST ngentengo ephansi kakhulu. Ukugcina amanani ephansi kungase kube nzima, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene.
U-Elena Ismailova, umphathi we-cannery yaseNizhnegorsk (iRiphabhulikhi yaseCrimea), ukhononda ukuthi okwamanje kunzima inkampani yakhe ukuncintisana nezinkampani "zezwe". Ibhuloho laseKrymsky livalwe amaloli, okusho ukuthi ukulethwa kweziqukathi nezithako zokugcinwa esitshalweni kwenziwa ngendlela ezungezayo, njengokulethwa kwemikhiqizo eqediwe kumakhasimende. Izindleko zokuthutha zinyusa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Kodwa lokhu kuyimfihlo futhi, ngingathanda ukukholelwa, inkinga yesikhashana. Kodwa bonke abakhiqizi ngezikhathi ezithile babhekana nezintengo ezikhuphukayo zezinto zokusetshenziswa. Kule nkathi, futhi, abamele amabhizinisi bayenqaba ukukhuluma ngamanani angenzeka emikhiqizo yabo kuze kube sekupheleni kokuvuna. "Ukuqala kwehlobo kwakushisa, kwakungekho umswakama owanele, futhi abalimi abaningi bathi imifino izobiza," kuchaza u-Elena Ismailova. "Kodwa kubiza kangakanani, asazi okwamanje." "Amakhaza, ukushisa, isichotho, izinkumbi - kwakungekho lutho ezweni kule sizini," kusho uDaria Bakushina. Okungenani izitshalo ezinjengophizi, ummbila, utamatisi nokhukhamba zathinteka. Izindleko zizokhuphuka izikhathi eziningi.”
Ngendlela, mayelana nezinto zokusetshenziswa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi akekho noyedwa kwabamele amabhizinisi okwaxoxwa naye osho ukushoda kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwayo, kanye nezinga eliphansi lemikhiqizo yasemapulazini phakathi kwezinkinga. Wonke umuntu wayekhuluma ngobudlelwano obumisiwe besikhathi eside, abahlinzeki abathembekile. Kodwa ukuntuleka kokusekelwa kombuso lapho kubhekwa amanani entengo kaphethiloli kanye nezindlu kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi, kucatshangelwa ukukhuphuka kwe-VAT kuya ku-2019% kusukela ngo-20, kwaphawulwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.
Ngokusho kukaDaria Bakushina, namuhla imboni ayizwani nosizo lweziphathimandla: "Akulula ukuthola uxhaso esimweni esinzima, futhi uma kungenzeka, i-VAT kufanele ikhokhwe ngokushesha kule mali. Uma kukhona umshisekeli, isikhulu sebhizinisi esihlakaniphile, ochwepheshe abahle, onemali, onokuphikiswa okuncane okuvela kubaphathi bendawo, uthatha indawo ensimini, akhe isitshalo lapho, atshale izitshalo futhi acubungule, khona-ke kuhle uma okungenani abagxambukeli. Kodwa ukwenza umkhiqizo omuhle kuyingxenye yempi. Kusadingeka ukuthengisa. Kudingeka elinye iqembu. Ngibahlonipha kakhulu abanikazi abanjalo, omunye angase athi, “ngokuphambene” nokondla abantu.”
UBUCHWEPHESHE
Lena enye indaba ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwesimanje. Embonini yokufaka amathini namuhla, intuthuko evamile yaseSoviet isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi, nakuba izinguquko ezithile zisenzeka. Ngokusho kukaNatalia Posokina, inhloko yelabhorethri ye-canning technology e-All-Russian Research Institute of Canning Technology, ngokuvamile ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngemva kokuthengwa kwemishini emisha: isibonelo, ukwelashwa okushisa emigqeni yesimanje ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithambile. , okukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze amavithamini amaningi kumkhiqizo ophelile. Kodwa esikhathini esizayo, ngokombono wochwepheshe we-VNIITEK, iningi lamabhizinisi amakhulu cishe lizoshintshela ngokuphelele kubuchwepheshe bangaphandle, njengoba kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi izitshalo eziningi sezivele ziyingxenye yokubamba komhlaba namuhla.
UKUVULA
Isiko laseRussia lokupakisha imifino ekheniwe ayishintshile iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi: ama-canneries apakisha imikhiqizo yawo engilazini nakumathini ensimbi. Ukuthandwa kwamathini akukona ngengozi: akuvumela ukuthi ugcine ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kusukela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemine. Kodwa kukhona ukungalungi okusobala: ingilazi iphuka kalula, insimbi yezinga lokudla iyabiza.
Okunye okunengqondo kokukhethwa kukho okufakwe ohlwini kungaba iphakethe le-tetra, elijwayele umthengi waseRussia kwezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo (khumbula, isibonelo, amajusi). Ngokombono womkhiqizi, ukupakishwa okunjalo cishe kuphelele: umkhiqizo ulungele ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa, nokuboniswa. Kodwa namuhla emashalofini ezitolo ezifuywayo "ekhadini" ungathola utamatisi kuphela kujusi yawo ngesiNtaliyane, angeniswe. Akekho noyedwa kubakhiqizi baseRussia bemifino ekheniwe osebenzisa iTetra Pak.
UDaria Bakushina uchaza leli qiniso ngokungalungiseleli izinguquko emakethe. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukulungiswa kabusha kwemishini yokukhiqiza uhlobo olusha lokupakisha kuzoba umsebenzi obiza kakhulu kumabhizinisi, lokhu kuzothinta izindleko zezimpahla, kodwa umthengi akakakulungeli ukukhokhela umkhiqizo omningi ephaketheni le-tetra kune okufanayo - kuthini noma embizeni yengilazi. Akekho obeka engcupheni izimo zomnotho ezikhona manje.
Enye inketho yokupakisha etholakala ezitolo zaseYurophu isikhwama sepulasitiki. Kodwa ochwepheshe baseRussia banemibuzo eyengeziwe ngaye. Ngokusho kukaDaria Bakushina, impilo yeshalofu yemifino ekheniwe emaphaketheni epulasitiki iyancipha ibe unyaka owodwa, kuyilapho kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amaketanga okuthengisa amukela imikhiqizo ethengiswayo nesikhathi esisele okungenani esingu-60%. Okusho ukuthi, uma umkhiqizo ukhishwa ngoJulayi 2018, uzokwazi ukuwuthumela kuze kube nguDisemba, empeleni, kuze kube yisikhathi lapho ukuthengiswa kwenqwaba kuqala.
UKUQALA
Ukubikezela ukuthi iyiphi indlela ezothathwa yimboni esikhathini esizayo esiseduze futhi esikude kuwumsebenzi ongenakubonga. Kodwa kunengqondo ngempela ukucabanga ngezimo okungenzeka kakhulu, ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho nolwazi lwemakethe.
Ngokusho kukaDaria Bakushina, esikhathini esizayo singalindela ukuthuthukiswa kokupakishwa komuntu siqu: umenzi uzogxila ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhasimende futhi anikeze umkhiqizo wamavolumu ahlukene, kusukela kokuncane - kokukhonza okukodwa komuntu oyedwa - kuya phezulu. (futhi ukonga kakhulu), komndeni omkhulu noma amabhizinisi e-HoReCa.
Esinye isiqondiso esinengqondo, ngokombono wochwepheshe, isihloko sezempilo. Isivele isekelwa ngenkuthalo ezingeni likahulumeni: ngoJuni 1, 2018, iphrojekthi ye-Traffic Light yethulwa eRussia - ukulebula imikhiqizo yokudla ngemibala emithathu - eluhlaza, ophuzi nobomvu - kuye ngokuqukethwe kukasawoti, ushukela namafutha bona. Kuze kube manje, abakhiqizi babamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi ngokuzithandela. Kodwa ezweni lapho inani labantu abahlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, ukumelana ne-insulin nesifo sikashukela likhula njalo ngonyaka, kunengqondo ngokuphelele ukwethula imigqa yomkhiqizo ngaphandle koshukela noma ngosawoti oncishisiwe noshukela.
Futhi-ke, kuzoba nemikhiqizo emisha emakethe. U-Daria Bakushina usevele eqaphela ukuthandwa okukhulayo kwama-chickpeas asemathinini, ama-lentils, ubhontshisi omnyama, utamatisi omisiwe elangeni, i-okra, i-capers nezinye izimpahla ezingavamile ku-Russian.
Thina-ke, egameni labahleli, sizwakalisa ithemba lokuthi ngenxa yokwehla kancane kancane kwentshisekelo yabantu ekutshaleni imifino emapulazini azimele kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lokuphila ezweni, ukukhiqizwa kokudla okusemathinini kusuka. izinto zokusetshenziswa zasekhaya nazo zizokwanda. Futhi le mikhiqizo ngeke ibe ngaphansi kwesidingo kuneyangaphandle.