Namuhla, abalimi abaningi bamazambane, lapho bekhetha izinhlobo zetafula, shayela ukubukeka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa umbandela oyinhloko. Kodwa ngokusho kokubona kwethu, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, abathengi ngeke babeke kuqala "ubuhle", kodwa futhi banambitha, kanye nezici zokupheka zomkhiqizo wethu ozithandayo. Senza lokhu kucabangela ngesisekelo sokuhlaziywa "kweziphetho" zaseRussia zezinhlobo ezintathu eziqinile zetafula zokukhethwa kwe-Norika - GALA, FIDELIA kanye ne-ADRETTA.
GALA!
Ekuqaleni kohambo lwayo, izinhlobonhlobo zabangela ukudideka hhayi phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezolimo kuphela, kodwa naphakathi kwabathengi. Ngo-2008, lapho i-GALA ivela emashalofini ezitolo nasezimakethe, abantu baseRussia babethanda amazambane amakhulu. I-GALA, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhiqize izilimo eziyizigaxa eziningi ezithambile ezinosayizi ophakathi, futhi uma phakathi nenkathi amazambane ayentula ukudla okunomsoco kanye nomswakama, khona-ke ngo-2040 "amaqanda enkukhu" avela esihlahleni esisodwa. Kwakunzima kuye!
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zadalwa abalimi baseJalimane becabangela nje isigqi sokuphila esishintshayo kanye nezidingo ezintsha zabathengi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezibushelelezi, eziyindilinga eziyindilinga ezinamahlo amancane kakhulu zazilungele ukuwashwa nokupakishwa emanethini noma ezikhwameni zika-1-2-3 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazambane aphenduka amnandi kakhulu, eJalimane abhekwa njengezinga lokunambitha.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-GALA nazo zaziswa eRussia, nakuba ukuqashelwa kwafika kuphela ngo-2013. Manje i-GALA ingumholi ngokwezindawo zokulima ezweni lakithi (ithatha ingxenye yesithathu yawo wonke amazambane atshaliwe), enye yezinhlobo eziphumelela kakhulu zokugeza nokupakisha okuncane.
Izindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo:
- Ukuqaphela okusha - kulungele ukugeza, kubukeka kukuhle emaphaketheni, ikhwalithi enhle yokugcina (kuhlanganise namashalofu esitolo);
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane amasha ahlutshiwe - i-pulp ayibi mnyama ngemva kokucwecwa;
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane acutshungulwe ngokushisa ngokufakwa kwe-vacuum - i-pulp ayibi mnyama ngemva kokubilisa;
- Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo eyomile (ama-flakes) - okuqukethwe kwesitashi kuma-tubers kungafinyelela ku-22% nabafuyi abamenyezelwe 13%;
- Ukupheka (okulungele ukubiliswa, ukuthosa nokubhaka), ukupheka kohlobo B (okubilisa okuphakathi), okukhangayo, okukhangayo okuphuzi okuphuzi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokupheka. I-tuber encane ingena kahle esandleni; lapho uhlanza, kutholakala inani elincane lemfucuza.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo zabakhiqizi bamazambane athengiswayo:
- Isivuno esiphezulu - kufika ku-100 nangaphezulu t / ha, ngaphansi kwezinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe bezolimo;
- Ukumelana okuphezulu negciwane u-Y (ukulahlekelwa kwesivuno ngenxa yokuchayeka kuleli gciwane ezinhlobonhlobo ezingazinzile kungafinyelela ku-80%);
- Ikhono lokukhiqiza kabusha iminyaka engu-3-4 ubude, ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile;
- Ukumelana nezilimo eziyizigaxa ekulimaleni kwemishini;
- Ukufaneleka kokugcinwa isikhathi eside - izilimo eziyizigaxa azilahlekelwa yi-turgor nezakhi kuze kube yihlobo;
- Kuphakathi ekuqaleni kohlobo lokuvuthwa - izinsuku ezingu-80 ezanele kusukela ekuhlumeni ukuze uthole isivuno esiphezulu.
- Ukumelana nokushisa.
Enye izinhlobonhlobo, esifuna ukukhuluma ngazo namuhla, yathandana nabathengi ngokushesha nje - ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuhle kakhulu nezici zokupheka.
Izinhlobonhlobo zivele eRussian Federation ngo-2014 futhi sezibambe ngokuqinile i-niche yazo ohlelweni lokudla lomphakathi. Kungokwenhlobo yokupheka i-А-В (okungabilisi - ebilisiwe kancane) futhi igcina kahle ukunambitheka kwayo, ukungaguquguquki nokuma ngisho nangemva kokubilisa isikhathi eside. Igayiwe noma igayiwe, ayihlakazi ezitsheni nasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nemayonnaise. Ama-tubers anwetshiwe, alungele izinhlobo ezahlukene zokusika. Izindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo:
- Ukuqaphela okusha - kulungele ukuwashwa, kubukeka kukuhle emaphaketheni, kunekhwalithi enhle yokugcina, kufaka phakathi emashalofini esitolo;
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane amasha ahlutshiwe - i-pulp ayibi mnyama ngemva kokucwecwa;
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane acutshungulwe ngokushisa ekufakweni kwe-vacuum - i-pulp ayibi mnyama ngemva kokubilisa;
- Ukupheka ukudla. Ifanele ukuthosa nokubilisa, ilungele isaladi. Inyama ephuzi ekhangayo, ekhangayo. I-tuber encane ingena kahle esandleni; lapho uhlanza, kutholakala inani elincane lemfucuza.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo zabalimi bezambane bezentengiselwano:
- Isivuno esiphezulu - kufika ku-60 nangaphezulu t / ha, ngaphansi kwezinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe bezolimo;
- Ukumelana okuphezulu negciwane u-Y (ukulahlekelwa kwesivuno ngenxa yokuchayeka kuleli gciwane ezinhlobonhlobo ezingazinzile kungafinyelela ku-80%);
- Ikhono lokukhiqiza kabusha iminyaka engu-3-4 ubude, ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile;
- Ukufaneleka kokugcinwa isikhathi eside - izilimo eziyizigaxa azilahlekelwa yi-turgor nezakhi kuze kufike entwasahlobo;
- Kuphakathi ekuqaleni kohlobo lokuvuthwa - izinsuku ezingu-70 ezanele kusukela ekuhlumeni ukuze uthole isivuno esiphezulu;
- Ukumelana nokushisa.
KwabaseRussia abaningi, lolu hlobo lwamazambane "lunokunambitheka kobuntwana". Kuye kwaziwa ezweni lakithi kusukela ngo-1980, kodwa ngisho namanje kuyadingeka phakathi kwabathengi kokubili eRussia naseJalimane. Ukupheka uhlobo C - ubilise kahle, i-pulp ithenda.
Izindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo:
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane omisiwe;
- Ukupheka ukudla. Ilungele ama-purees.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo zabakhiqizi bamazambane athengiswayo:
- Maphakathi nendawo, ngesikhathi sokuqala senkathi yokukhula, lesi sitshalo sibonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo, kanye nokukhula okusheshayo nokunamandla kweziqongo. Ama-Tubers akha futhi athuthuke ngokuthula. Isikhathi kusukela ekuhlumeni kuya ekuvuneni: izinsuku ezingu-70-80;
- Ukuzithoba ekukhiqizeni;
- Amehlo asuka amancane kuya aphakathi, ubukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa esidlekeni bulingana;
- Ukufaneleka kokugcina isikhathi eside - ukugcina ikhwalithi engu-7 (esikalini se-1-9);
- Okuqukethwe isitashi - 15%;
Kukhona ngokuqinisekile ezinye izinhlobo emugqeni weNorica ezigqama ngokunambitheka kwazo okugqamile nezici zokupheka, futhi abalimi benkampani bahlala besebenzela ukukhulisa lolu hlu, bezama ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe zamazambane angcono kakhulu. Uhlu oluphelele lokunikezwa kwethu lungatholakala kuwebhusayithi norika.ru
Sihlale sikulungele ukuphendula noma yimiphi imibuzo ehlobene nokukhethwa, ukuthengwa nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zethu.
Ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko, sithanda ukufisela abafundi bethu isivuno esihle samazambane amnandi kanye ne-bon appetit!