Imakethe yesitashi namuhla ayithembisi nje kuphela ngabadlali abakhona, kodwa futhi nakubatshalizimali abangaba khona.
Emhlabeni, ukusetshenziswa kwaminyaka yonke kwesitashi sendabuko kulinganiselwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-35, isiraphu (kufaka phakathi i-HFS) - amathani ayizigidi ezingama-50, izinkanyezi eziguquliwe - amathani ayizigidi eziyishumi. Imithombo ebalulekile yokukhishwa kwesitashi izitshalo ezine: ummbila, ukolweni, umdumbula kanye namazambane.
Imakethe yaseRussia yemikhiqizo eminingana efana nezindlovukazi zomdabu, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-molasses nama-glucose-fructose syrups zizinzile impela. Kokubili ngo-2016 nango-2017, inani lokukhiqizwa kwesitashi sendabuko lalingaba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-230, isiraphu yesirayisi - amathani ayinkulungwane angama-499 ne-HFS - cishe amathani ayinkulungwane ayi-165.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwama-starches aguquliwe kuyanda. Ngo-2017, kukhiqizwe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20,5, kanti ngaphezulu kwezinyanga eziyi-9 zalo nyaka, sekuvele amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-27. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba iGulkevichsky Starch Plant yethule ukukhiqizwa kwe-maltodextrin esezingeni eliphezulu ngohlobo lwezicelo eziningi, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kakhulu sizobona ukwanda okukhulu kwalesi sikhombisi.
Emazweni e-EU, indlela enkulu yokuthuthukiswa komkhakha yimikhiqizo yokudla esebenza kahle, izinqubo zokukhiqiza uhlaza, ukongiwa kwamandla nokubuyiselwa kwemithombo yezemvelo. Amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu akhombisile intshisekelo enkulu ekwakheni imikhiqizo yezokukhiqiza isitashi nokutshala imali emigqeni emisha yokukhiqiza.
Ngokuvamile, izindlela ezimbalwa zezwe zingabonakala indawo. Emazweni ase-Asia, ukutshalwa kwezindawo ezitshaliwe zamakhaza nokuqhutshekiswa kwamandla kuyaqhubeka. ENyakatho Melika, sekuvele imakethe esitebeleni esungulwe enabadlali abakhulu. Phakathi kwamazwe aseLatin America, iBrazil yisidlali esikhula ngokushesha esifunda. I-Afrika yakha imakethe nje, kepha naphezu kwamandla amakhulu ebhizinisi, ubungozi bezepolitiki kule geography nabo buphakeme.
Ithembisa ubuthi
Ukusuka okusanhlamvu, ungakhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokucubungula isitashi, ungathola izithako zokudla ezingama-70. Kanye nama-amino ne-organic acid, imikhiqizo esetshenziswayo: i-gluten / gluten, imikhiqizo yokuphakela.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-niches athembisayo kakhulu wokucubungula isitashi eRussia ahlala. Izinkampani kungenzeka ukuthi zisebenza ngempumelelo ngempumelelo futhi zikhuphula umthamo, noma zithunyelwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa mayelana nezinxenye zemakethe ezincane, ezethembisa ngokulinganayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuguquliwe kokudla ku-E-1412, E-1422 nabanye. Imakethe yalowo nalowo ayisiyikhulu ngokwanele, kepha kokuhlanganisiwe - inamandla futhi inenzuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzinza kwezezimali kwebhizinisi kuxhomeke kuphela ekukhiqizweni komkhiqizo oyinhloko, kodwa futhi nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yangaphakathi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphrojekthi wokucubungula okujulile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezolimo kuhlotshaniswa nesethi yobungozi okufanele ilawulwe. Izinkampani zokuqalisa akufanele zikhohlwe ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuxhasa umbuso ezibekwe emthethweni olandelwayo. Isibonelo, ukubamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni esivumelwaneni soHulumeni waseRussia Federation Nombolo 1312 - ukukhokhela izindleko zokucwaninga nentuthuko njengengxenye yephrojekthi ephelele yokutshalwa kwezimali.
Kuzosiza futhi ukufaka iqoqo lezimboni, noma udale ukuhlangana futhi ubambe iqhaza kulo mncintiswano ngesinqumo soMthetho Kahulumeni WaseRussia Federation Nombolo 41 - ukukhokhela ingxenye yezindleko (kufaka phakathi i-R&D, isitifiketi, ukuqeqeshwa) njengengxenye yamaphrojekthi ahlanganyelwe namalungu eqembu. Ukwakha ipaki yezimboni (yezimboni) ngeSinqumo sikaHulumeni waseRussia Federation Nombolo 1119 - ukukhokhela izindleko zezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nengqalasizinda yezokuthutha.
Ukukhiqizwa kwesitashi amazambane eYurophu
Abaholi base-Europe ekukhiqizeni isitashi samazambane yiSweden, iNetherlands neJalimane. Ubulukhuni bokukhula nokugcina amazambane kula mazwe buphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke umbuso uzama ukuxhasa nokukhuthaza abakhiqizi baseYurophu.
Isibonelo, amapulazi amazambane kanye nababambisene nabaninimasheya embonini yokusebenza. Lokho wukuthi, izinkampani zinesifiso sokuthengisa imikhiqizo yokugcina yesitashi nezinto eziphuma kuzo. Izinkampani zibuye zibe nezinsizakalo ezikhethekile zezolimo zezolimo eziwanikeza ngempahla esezingeni eliphakeme yembewu yokukhiqiza amazambane anendawo enesitashi okungenani engama-20% futhi ngokujwayelekile ayeluleka ngokutshala kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bamazambane bathola imali mboleko yokuthengwa kwembewu, umanyolo kanye nophethiloli kanye namafutha, okuhleliwe kwinkontileka yesikhathi esizayo yokuhlinzekwa.
Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zinciphisa izindleko zamazambane akhulayo. Inzuzo yamabhizinisi izinzile, ngoba isivuno siphezulu, futhi okuqukethwe kwesitashi kumazambane kufinyelela ku-25%. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kwamazambane ngethani elilodwa lesitashi kuncishiswa kumathani ayi-1, kanti nezindleko ezithile zamandla wokusebenza kwalo zincishisiwe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izidlo zomdabu, isitashi samazambane sinokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali. Inani lamandla ka-100 g wezitashi zamazambane (ku-kcal / kJ) ngu-299/1251 (ngokuqhathanisa, ummbila - 329/1377). Isitashi samazambane sisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinjongo zokudla (92,6%), futhi siqhubeka nokuthengisa (49,4%). Isitashi samazambane siyingxenye yama-sausage (18,2%) nezithelo kanye ne-berry jelly (12,3%).
Ngenhloso yezobuchwepheshe, imboni yamaphepha (3,7%), izimboni ezikhethekile ezahlukahlukene (1,6%), kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-dextrin (1%) ngeke ikwenze ngaphandle kwesitashi samazambane. Embonini yezemithi, isitashi samazambane sisetshenziswa ezibhebheni nakupuphu.
Phakathi kwabakhiqizi abakhulu bezitashi zamazambane e-European Union, izinkampani eziningana zingahlukaniswa. IPotato Cooperative AVEBE (1919) ingumholi emhlabeni jikelele ekukhiqizeni isitashi samazambane, ngokuthengisa kuka- € 560 wezigidi kanye nenzuzo eyizigidi ezingama- € 11,8 wezi-2014. I-KMC KARTOFFELMELCENTRALEN Potato Cooperative (1933) inikezela ukuthengisa ngo- € 127 wezigidi kanye nenzuzo ephelele ye- $ 18,8 yezigidi ngonyaka ka-2014. Inkampani ezimele i-EMSLAND GROUP (1928), ekhiqiza kakhulu isitashi samazambane eJalimane, ngokuthengisa kuka- € 520 wezigidi ngonyaka ka-2014, ivala ezintathu eziphambili.
Kuyini ukuvimba amabhizinisi aseRussia?
Okwamanje, abakhiqizi baseRussia bakhiqiza isitashi amazambane baphansi kakhulu ezinkampanini zaseYurophu. Futhi izizathu empeleni zanele. Lokhu kufaka ukushoda kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, ukuntuleka kwengqalasizinda yokukhiqiza edingekayo, ukushoda kwezimali ezibolekwe ezikhungweni zezikweletu, isakhi esinezinto ezibuthakathaka, uxhaxha lwamanani ayinkimbinkimbi, amakhono okuthengisa angenamandla nokukhohlisa kwentengo ngabadlali bomhlaba, ubungozi bezinhlelo, nokunye okuningi.
Namuhla, isikhathi sokukhokha esimaphakathi sokukhiqizwa eRussia siyiminyaka eyi-10, ukutshala okuncane kuleli cala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15. Ngeshwa, bambalwa abazimisele ukutshala “imali ende” enjalo kwezolimo.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yezithikamezo kanye nobunye ubunzima bezomnotho, imakethe iye yagxila kakhulu kubakhiqizi basekhaya. Leli akulona yini ithuba lokuzibonakalisa ngenkathi ukuncintisana nokulahlwa yizinkampani zakwamanye amazwe kungengekho? Isikhathi sizosho ukuthi imakethe yasekhaya izothuthukisa kanjani, kepha unganciphisi izindlela ezinhle futhi ukhuphule umkhiqizo eminyakeni yamuva.
Source: https://agrovesti.net