Ukulima nokulima emithambekeni enamagquma kunciphisa inhlabathi emapulazini futhi kusongela izitshalo zesikhathi esizayo, ngokusho kocwaningo olusha olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Nature Food. portal sciencedaily.com.
Ososayensi abavela emanyuvesi aseLancaster (UK) nase-Augsburg (Germany) baphikisana ngokuthi uma abalimi bengayeki ukusebenza emagqumeni, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inhlabathi esezintabeni ingase ibe mncane kangangokuthi ukukhula kwezitshalo zokudla kuzoba sengozini enkulu.
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abalimi besebenza inhlabathi emasimini abo ukuze benze imibhede yembewu yokutshala izitshalo. Ngesinye isikhathi, amageja adonswa yizilwane ayesetshenziselwa le njongo, kodwa njengoba ezolimo bezisetshenziswa ngemishini eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ukulima sekushintshile kwaba ngogandaganda abasindayo nabasheshayo.
Ukulima, okuhlanganisa nokulima, kwaziwa ngokuhambisa amanani abalulekile enhlabathi emithambekeni futhi kukhuphule ukuguguleka okubangelwa yisimo sezulu. Emithambekeni, ukulima kubangela ukuba inhlabathi yehle emagqumeni futhi ihlale phansi ezigodini.
Njengoba inhlabathi incipha emithambekeni, izinto ezivela emhlabathini ongaphansi zihlangana nenhlabathi engaphezulu, kwehlisa izinga lezitshalo ngenxa yokushoda kwezakhi, ukusebenza kwebhayoloji kanye nokuncipha kokutholakala kwamanzi.
Ososayensi bayaqaphela ukuthi indima yokulima ekwehliseni ukujula kwenhlabathi isalokhu iyingozi engaziwa ekukhiqizeni izitshalo. Nakuba ukulima kwaziwa ngokunyakazisa inqwaba yemithambeka yenhlabathi, evamise ukudlula umthamo onyakaziswa ukuguguleka kwamanzi nomoya, kuncane okwaziwayo kuze kube manje mayelana nokuthi umphumela walesi senzo usithinta kanjani isivuno sezitshalo. Njengoba amandla kagandaganda eqhubeka nokukhula kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwandisa imvamisa yesomiso, umthelela wokuguguleka kwenhlabathi yokulima ezivunweni zezitshalo ezindaweni ezitshekile kungenzeka ube mubi kakhulu ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.
Abacwaningi bafunde izilimo zikakolweni nommbila otshalwe endaweni esenyakatho yeJalimane i-Uckermark, okuyindawo yezolimo enemishini futhi ekhiqiza kakhulu eYurophu. Abacwaningi basebenzise ulwazi olushicilelwe ngomphumela wokutshalwa kwesivuno esivunweni sezitshalo futhi basebenzise amamodeli wokwabiwa kabusha kwenhlabathi kanye namamodeli okukhula kwezitshalo ukuze bahlole umphumela wokulima esikalini sendawo yesifunda.
Lokhu kwabavumela ukuba banqume ukuthi inzuzo yesivuno kulezo zingxenye zezwe ezathola inhlabathi ngenxa yokuguguleka ingaphezu kokulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi emithambekeni.
Izibalo zabo zibonisa ukuthi uma indlela evamile yokulima emithambekeni igcinwa, abalimi esifundeni sase-Uckermark bazobhekana nokwehla okukhulayo kokuvunwa kukakolweni wasebusika okufika ku-7,1% eminyakeni engu-50 futhi kufike ku-10% ngaphezu kwekhulunyaka (ngokwejwayelekile kanye neminyaka eyomile).
Ngommbila, abacwaningi babikezela ukwehla kwesivuno ngo-4% eminyakeni engu-50 kanye no-5,9% eminyakeni eyi-100 (eminyakeni evamile neyomile).
Imiphumela yokuncipha kwenhlabathi izobonakala kakhulu ngesikhathi sesomiso, njengoba inhlabathi enciphile ingakwazi ukugcina umswakama kanye nezakhamzimba. Eminyakeni emanzi, nakuba ingekho kakhulu eminyakeni evamile neyomile, isivuno sizokwehla eminyakeni engu-50-100.
Lokhu kwehla kwesivuno kulingana nezinkulungwane zamathani okudla okumoshiwe esifundeni sase-Uckermark kuphela. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isivuno esinciphile ngenxa yokuguguleka komhlabathi kungenzeka sibonakale emhlabeni wonke lapho kulinywa khona emithambekeni.
Baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kwanda okucatshangelwayo kuveza isidingo sokuphuthuma kwezinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi okubangelwa ukulinywa.
Abalimi bangase bacabangele izindlela ezifana nokulungisa izinga lokulima endaweni yomthambeka futhi ngokuvamile banciphise ukujula kokulima ukuze kunciphe inqubo yokuguguleka. Kodwa empeleni, ngokusho kososayensi, abalimi kufanele bayeke ukusebenza emithambekeni ukuze bavikele inhlabathi yabo kanye nezitshalo zesikhathi esizayo.
Nakuba abacwaningi bengazange balingise imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, bakholelwa ukuthi izingcindezi zokuguguleka kwenhlabathi ezibangelwa yi-tillage zizokhula njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwandisa imvamisa yokomisa ngezikhathi zokulima izitshalo.