Bafundi abathandekayo!
Imbewu yepulazi - "i-AgroAlliance-NN" (isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod), esebenza ngokukhiqiza amazambane ezinhlobonhlobo zaseYurophu zokukhiqiza okuphezulu, iyaqhubeka ne- "Diary of observation" yayo. I-athikili ekulo magazini inikelwe ekuqaleni komsebenzi wasentwasahlobo epulazini.
UKirill Kraev, uchwepheshe we-AgroAlliance-NN LLC
UKUTHUNYELWA KOKUFUNDA KWEMBEWU KWAMAKHAYA. IZINSELELE NOKUSHINTSHA
Isizini ka-2019 yepulazi yaqala ngokuhanjiswa kwembewu kumakhasimende ethu. Enye yezicelo zokuqala ezaqhamuka kwa-HCH Zadokas, le nkampani yasazisa kusenesikhathi ukuthi bazodinga isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola inani elifanele lembewu yezinhlobo ezithile. Ngenxa yalokhu, sikwazile ukwenza uhlelo lomsebenzi, futhi kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli konke ukuthunyelwa kwathunyelwa ngokulandelana.
Cishe wonke amanye amakhasimende azamile ukuhlehlisa ukuthunyelwa kwembewu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, maqondana nalokhu, kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ngaphandle kokuthi ibhizinisi lethu belisebenza cishe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ulayini usuthole endaweni yepulazi. Izimoto ezifika zizolayisha bekufanele zime zingasebenzi usuku lonke, ezinye zibe zimbili. Ngesikhathi salokhu kubhalwa (ngoMeyi 19, - ed.), Siseneklayenti elilodwa elingakakhiphi okubhaliwe kwembewu.
Impikiswano yesibili eyavuselela izingxoxo phakathi kwamakhasimende yayihlobene nokubukeka kwembewu. Ezindabeni ezedlule zomagazini, sesishilo ukuthi ngonyaka owedlule, ngenxa yezimo zezulu, cishe zonke izinhlobo zatshala ama-tubers ambalwa esihlahleni esisodwa, ngenxa yalokho, amazambane akhula amakhulu kunokujwayelekile (ikakhulukazi ngesilinganiso esingu-40-60 mm noma 40-55 mm). Ngakho-ke, ama-tubers walezi zingxenyana abekwe kusamba sembewu esilungiselelwe, futhi akuwona wonke amakhasimende anelisekile ngalokhu. Ukuze ugweme izimo ezinjalo ngokuzayo, ipulazi linqume ukuthenga umugqa wokulinganisa nokufakwa kwamazambane, okuzosivumela ukuba sihlukanise amabhulukana abe izingxenyana ze-30-45 no-45-60 (55) mm.
Ukufingqa, siphawula ukuthi, ngaphandle kobunzima obuthile, lonke inani lezinto zembewu lathengiswa. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu kuthunyelwa, inkampani yayilungiselela ngenkuthalo ukutshala, iletha imbewu yamazambane yokuphindwa kabusha (ama-super-super-elites nama-elites asuka kubaqambi), ezotshalwa ukuze isatshalaliswe ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zenkontileka.
Kulo nyaka, ingxenye eyinhloko yezincwadi zembewu yakhiwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zenkampani i- “H-Zet-P-Si Sadokas”, asinikeze okuyisisekelo hhayi nje kuphela kwaseRussia, kepha naseDashi (ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo ezifana neMemphis neSylvanas).
UKUKHETHA IMISEBENZI YEMISEBENZI KANYE NEMIBA YEMISEBENZI
Kulo nyaka, intwasahlobo esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod yagqama ekuseni, kepha "yelulwa" ngesikhathi: emini izinga lokushisa lomoya lafinyelela kwirekhodi 25 ... 27 ° С, futhi ebusuku lehla kakhulu laya ku-0 °, kwesinye isikhathi kususwe u-3 ... 4 °, ngenxa yalokho umhlabathi wafudumala Kakhulu. Leli qiniso lasivimba ukuthi singatshali kusenesikhathi, yize abanye abalimi bamazambane esifundeni sethu baqala ukutshala umsebenzi ngoMeyi 1. Ezinye izimpikiswano "zikhulume" zithanda izinsuku zakamuva, ikakhulukazi, bekubalulekile, uma kungenzeka, ukubona kusengaphambili izimo lapho ukuhlanzwa kuzohlelwa khona. Esifundeni sethu, u-Agasti uvame ukushisa ngokwanele (isilinganiso samazinga okushisa nsuku zonke singaphezulu kuka- + 25 ° C), wokuvuna amazambane embewu, okumele agcinwe kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, lezi akuzona izimo ezifanele kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, sishintshe isikhathi sokutshala ngendlela yokuthi sihlele ukuvuna ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya elingaphezulu kwe-18 ... 20 ° C.
Siqale ngoMeyi 9. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, inhlabathi emasimini ifudumele yaze yafika ku-15 ... 17 °, futhi besivele sikhona umshwalense ngokubuya kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sentwasahlobo, esivame ukuwa phakathi namaholide kaMeyi.
IZINDLELA ZOKUVIKELA UKUTHENGA KANYE NOKUXHUMANYA IZIMBANGELA
Okwamanje, inhlabathi emasimini ethu ayikomile (yize singasebenzi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuvuna ukugcina umswakama) futhi iqukethe umswakama owenele ka-8-10 cm wokuqhuma amazambane.
Ukwenqatshwa kokuhlakulwa kwentwasahlobo kungenxa yokuthi, ngokusho kwethu, le ndlela ayiholeli nje ekusindiseni umswakama emasimini, kepha futhi nasekwakheni izigaxa zenhlabathi ezinoxhaxha olunobubanzi obuyi-30-40 mm. Izinsimbi zokulima zomtshali zihambisa lezi zinhla ziye enkabeni yegquma, kepha ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okwalandela, azichotshoziwe. Iziqalo zigcinwa ngaphambi kokuvunwa futhi zifike nokuvunwa kwisitoreji, okwenza ukuhlunga kube nzima futhi kudale izimo zomonakalo owengeziwe wemishini kumazambane.
Esinye isimiso esizama ukusigcina lapho sitshala ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi ngesiteji ngamavolumu amancane (njengomthetho, awekho ngaphezu kwamahektha ayi-1-2).
Le ndlela ibuye ihlotshaniswe nemodi yokulondolozwa kokuswakama emasimini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngale ndlela sizama ukubhekana nemiphumela yezimvula ezinkulu, ezivame ukubonwa endaweni yakithi maphakathi noMeyi. Imvula enkulu "izinzipho" zenhlabathi esele ilungiselelwe ukutshala; lapho umhlaba womile, kuqumba kubumba ngaphezulu, okufanele kuphinde kubhujiswe ngesigayo. Ezimweni zamapulazi amakhulu, cishe akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu, kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu kusebenza ngesikhathi sokuvuna, abakhiqizi bezolimo babhekene nenkinga efanayo yezinqwaba.
IZIPHUMA ZEMALI EZIQINISEKILEYO
Ngesikhathi sokubhala, ukuqedwa komhlaba kwaqedwa ngo-50% wendawo. Umsebenzi waqedwa ngezinhlobo zeSylvanas, Memphis neColomba.
Ukutshala ukujula kusukela ku-6 kuye ku-10 cm (inkomba incike ekubalweni kwembewu), sizamile ukugcina ityhubhu enhlabathini elungiselelwe kahle ukuya ekujuleni kosayizi wayo, futhi ngaphezulu komtshali kwakha ungqimba lomhlabathi olungu-12 cm cm. Le ndlela ivumela ishubhu ukuba lithole izimo ezifanele zokwakheka ngokushesha kohlelo lwangempela lwezimpande.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, sahlomela umtshali wethu wemishini ngama-nozzles, ahlinzeka ngamakhambi okuphatha ama-tubers ngesikhunta ngokulingene futhi ngevolumu enkulu (cishe i-120 l / ha). Kulonyaka sisebenzise elinye lamalungiselelo wesistimu yanamuhla (izakhi eziyinhloko: azoxystrobin ne-mefenoxam), eziklanyelwe ukuvikela amazambane ezimpandeni, kusiqu (empandeni) naku-tuber bola.
ISyvanas itshalwe kuqala futhi inenkathi ende yokukhula uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo kulayini wethu. Lapho kutshalwa, kusethwe imingcele elandelayo: ukutshala ukujula kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-9 cm (kucatshangelwa ubukhulu bokusetshenziswa okusetshenzisiwe), ukutshala kwabantu - kusuka ku-47 kuya ku-000 nezilimo eziyizigaxa / ha, okuhambisana nezincomo zongoti benkampani "HZ-P-Si Sadokas" ...
Okulandelayo okuzotshalwa kwakuyizinhlobonhlobo zaseMemphis. Lapho utshala, kusethwe imingcele elandelayo: ukujula kokutshala 6-9 cm, ukutshala kwabantu - kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-000 nezilimo eziyizigaxa / ha.
Ngemuva kwalokho saqala satshala amazambane ezinhlobonhlobo zeKolomba, ubukhulu bokutshala babusukela ku-50 000 kuya ku-66 nezilimo eziyizigaxa / ha, ukujula kwahluka kusuka ku-000 kuye ku-6 cm.
Njengoba amasimu epulazini lethu ehlukahluka endaweni engalingani nasendleleni engajwayelekile, sitshala amahektha ayi-6 kuye kwayi-9 ngosuku, kuya ngokushintsha kwezinhlobo kanye nobude bekhanda. Njengamanje, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokutshala amazambane eRed Scarlett.
Sizokhuluma ngokuthi izitshalo zizothuthuka kanjani futhi nezimo zezulu zizothuthuka kanjani kumagazini olandelayo wephephabhuku le-Potato System.