Amazambane - okutshalayo, uyavuna. Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho utshala isinkwa sesibili ukuze uzuze isivuno esikhulu
Ngo-2018, izinhlobo ezingama-28 zamazambane zatshalwa esifundeni saseVladimir, phakathi lapho inani elikhulu kunazo zonke laliyizinhlobo ezinjengokuthi: ILady Claire (amathani angu-1890,5), iBrook (amathani ali-1547), uLuck (amathani ayi-1000), iNewton (amathani angama-425), uHermes (Amathani angama-373), uSaturn (amathani angama-275), iRosara (amathani angama-249).
Ochwepheshe abavela emnyangweni wesifunda nowangaphakathi kwegatsha le-FSBI Rosselkhoztsentr esiFundeni iVladimir bahlola amathani ayi-8107,4 wezinto zembewu yamazambane, amathani awo ayi-6128,4 (76%) anemibandela. Ukuqhathanisa, esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, amathani ayi-7135,3 enziwe ngembewu yamazambane abhekwayo, kuwo angama-63% kuphela anemibandela.
Isamba esikhulu sembewu sisendaweni yaseMelenkovsky (amathani angama-2872), eGus-Khrustalny (amathani ayi-1485), ezindaweni zaseMurom (amathani ali-1300). Ngokuvamile, isifunda sinikezwa amazambane wembewu angama-78% kanti ngokuyisisekelo iyimpahla yokuzala eyi-1-2 (PC1-PC2 4648 tani).
Ochwepheshe besikhungo sezolimo saseRussia banquma ikhwalithi yamazambane asebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-tuber, okubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngokuba khona kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nokuthola uhlobo oluthile.
Isithombe sikhombisa ukuhlaziywa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane eLady Claire anezifo ezinambuzane ...
... nokubola okomile kumazambane.
Ngobusuku benkathi entsha yehlobo, ochwepheshe beVladimir Rosselkhoztsentr bakhumbuza ngesidingo sokushintsha okuhlukahlukene nokuvuselelwa okuhlukahlukene kwezinto ezibonakalayo zembewu.
Ukushintshwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kuyadingeka uma kunganeliswa yizimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, kungahle kube yinkinga yezifo, ukukhiqizwa okuphansi kanye nezimpawu zokunambitha, njll. Kepha uma ukuhlukahluka kugcwaliseka ngokuphelele, kufanele kuvuselelwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kugwenywe izimpawu ezingezinhle ezivelayo futhi ziqongeleleke ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ngakho-ke eminyakeni yokuqala yokulinyelwa, izinhlobonhlobo zinobukhulu bezinga lofuzo.
Kodwa-ke, inkinga yokukhiqiza okuphansi ingaqhamuka nokukhethwa okuyikho kwezinhlobo nokukhiqizwa kabusha. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuhlola inhlabathi ukuthi kukhona ama-cysts wegolide amazambane nematode (lat.I-Globodera rostochiensis).
Esifundeni saseVladimir, kwagxilwa izimbotshana zamazambane egolide ezifundeni eziyi-12 (i-Aleksandrovsky, Gus-Khrustalny, Kameshkovsky, Kirzhachsky, Kolchuginsky, Kovrovsky, Melenkovsky, Muromsky, Petushinsky, Sobinsky, Sudogodsky, Suzdalsky. Ngemiyalo yoMbusi wesiFunda saseVladimir, abantu babekwa ezindaweni ezithile.
I-potato globoderosis ngesinye sezifo ezimbi zalesi sitshalo esibalulekile. Ngaphandle, izimpawu zesifo zibonakaliswa ukwehla kwezinga lokukhula kwezitshalo ezisesigabeni sokuqala se-kuinggenis, kuphuzi ngeziqongo ngomiswa kwamaqabunga angaphansi nokubuna kwamaqabunga aphezulu, ukuqina kwesiqu. Izimpande zezitshalo ezinegciwane zinombala onsundu ngombala, zimfishane kunokujwayelekile futhi zinezimpande eziningi ezingemuva. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sinenkinga yokuntuleka kwamanzi nezakhi.
Lapho uhlola amasimu, i-foci ye-glauberosis imvamisa itholakala ngendlela yendawo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu enezitshalo ezicindezelwe ophuzi. Ngokutshala minyaka yonke kwezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane kusukela ekuqaleni kokutheleleka kuze kufike isikhathi sokutholwa kokuqubuka kwalesi sifo kuthatha iminyaka engama-5-6.
Ngokwanda kwezinga lokutheleleka, isivuno samazambane siyancipha, ikhwalithi yaso iyawohloka (inani nesisindo sama-tubers liyancipha). Amaphesenti esitashi kanye nenani le-Vitamin C ku-tubers lehliswa kakhulu. Ukushoda kwezilimo kusuka kwisifo samazambane emhlabeni kunesilinganiso se-10%, futhi endaweni yomonakalo omkhulu wokutshala amazambane yi-nematode, kusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-60% noma ngaphezulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlasela kwe-nematode kwamazambane kuvame ukwanda ngesenzo se-pathogenic microorganisms, amagciwane, amagciwane kanye nesikhunta.
Ukulwa ne-potode nematato kunzima kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwezimo zezimo zokuphila, okuwukuthi, ubukhulu obuncanyana bokuqina kwe-globera (umndeni kaNightshade), ukusebenza isikhathi eside (iminyaka eyi-10-15) ukusebenza kwe-cyst lapho kungekho sitshalo sesingathi.
Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokulwa namazambane amazambane. Emhlabathini othelelekile, amazambane awakhuli ngokuvamisile uma sekudlule iminyaka engama-4-5. Kungcono ukushintshanisa amazambane nezilimo ezingathintwanga yilolu hlobo lwamathumbu (iklabishi, i-clover, amakhambi zisetshenziswa, dill, ulethisi, uphizi, ubhontshisi, njll.).
Ukutshala okusebenzayo kwezinhlobo zokuqala. Kulokhu, ukulahleka kwezilimo kuyancishiswa, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuvuna i-parasite ayinaso isikhathi sokuqedela umjikelezo wayo wokuphila futhi inikeze inzalo. Ukutshala kwezinhlobo zamataperesistant zamazambane kunganciphisa ukungcoliseka kwenhlabathi nge-nematode ngo-85-90%. (Ama-patodeic nematode ezitshalo nezinambuzane / Kuhlelwe ngu-M.D. Sonin - M. Na Na. 2004.)
Njengamanje, kukhona cishe i-257 nematodeustivnye, ekhonjwe esifundeni esiPhakathi (okubandakanya isifunda seVladimir) izinhlobo (irejista yezwe yokufeza okukhethiwe evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa https://reestr.gossort.com/).
Phakathi kwazo, izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yilezi: i-Openwork, iBarin, iBreeze, iVectar Belorussky, iziqhumane, iVineta, iGala, i-Impala, iLabella, iLatona, iLady Claire, iManifesto, iMeteor, iRagneda, iRed Scarlett, iSaturn, iScbb, iLuck, i-Uladar nezinye.
(Umbhali: Potapova Irina - u-agronomist ohola phambili womnyango wokukhiqiza imbewu, uchwepheshe wezobudlelwano bomphakathi wegatsha le-Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" esifundeni saseVladimir).
Funda ngokugcwele: https://www.agroxxi.ru/zhurnal-agromir-xxi/stati-rastenievodstvo/nazvany-samye-populjarnye-sorta-kartofelja-vo-vladimirskoi-oblasti.html