Imibiko eminingana engqungqutheleni yamazwe ngamazwe ethi “Genetics, genomics, bioinformatics and biotechnology of plants” (PlantGen2021), eyabanjelwe eNovosibirsk, yanikelwa ezindleleni ezintsha zokuvikela lesi sitshalo ezinsongweni nasezingcupheni ezihlukahlukene.
UGuzel Burkhanova (Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences) ukhulume ngezindlela zokufaka ukumelana negciwane kumazambane kusetshenziswa amagciwane e-endophytic Bacillus. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala okwenziwa phakathi nocwaningo kubonise ukuthi ngemva kokwelapha isitshalo ngokumiswa kwamangqamuzana ebhaktheriya, kwaba khona ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwe-RNA yegciwane kanye nokwanda komsebenzi wenani lamaprotheni nama-enzyme avikelayo. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zebhaktheriya kunikeza imiphumela ehlukene maqondana nezinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane ahlasela izitshalo zamazambane, isikhulumi saphawula ukuthi kungaba kuhle kakhulu ukwenza amalungiselelo ayinhlanganisela okulwa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
Enye yezindlela zesimanje zokuqinisekisa izinhlobo zezitshalo i-SSR genotyping. Ngosizo lwayo, izimpawu zamangqamuzana ezifundisayo zikhonjwa, okwenza kube lula ukuthola isici somuntu ngamunye wezinhlobonhlobo noma i-genotype, okuthiwa. Iphrofayili ye-DNA. Ukuba khona kwale phrofayili kuvumela umsebenzi owengeziwe wokuzalanisa ukuthi wenziwe ngokushesha nangenhloso. U-Dilyara Gritsenko (Isikhungo Sesayensi Yezitshalo Nezinto eziphilayo, e-Almaty, e-Kazakhstan) wethule imiphumela ye-SSR yokuhlonza izinhlobo zamazambane amelana ne-pathogen engqungqutheleni. Kunjalo, lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ngokugcizelela ezinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa kwe-Kazakhstani okuhloswe ngayo emakethe yaleli zwe. Kodwa isipiliyoni ngokwaso esitholwe ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kwayo sikhona endaweni yonke futhi singasetshenziswa kahle ngabanye ososayensi, kuhlanganise nabaseRussia.
Izinsongo kumazambane azigcini nje ezifweni nasezilokazaneni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi, njengoba evezwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi (imvamisa ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwesitshalo esivunwayo), amazambane athola ukunambitheka okumnandi okuthandwa abantu abambalwa. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-cold saccharification, lapho kwakheka ushukela olula njenge-glucose ngesitashi. Ngokwelashwa okwengeziwe kokushisa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwama-chips namafrimu aseFrance, lawa mashukela asabela ngama-amino acid, okubangela ubumnyama nokunambitheka okubabayo, okuqhubeka nokunciphisa izici zabathengi zemifino yezimpande.
Izindlela zendabuko zokuvimbela ukugcwala okubandayo ngokuvamile zifika ezinsizakalweni ezikhethekile zezindawo zokugcina; zihlanganisa izindleko ezengeziwe futhi azisizi ngaso sonke isikhathi. U-Anastasia Egorova (I-Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk) embikweni wakhe ubonise ukuthi ubuchwepheshe besimanje bofuzo busiza kanjani ukuxazulula le nkinga.
“Sisebenzise amaqhinga amabili. Okokuqala “ukucisha” isakhi sofuzo esiqala inqubo yokuguqula i-sucrose ibe ushukela ne-fructose. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukushuba kwe-saccharification ebandayo ezitshalweni. Futhi manje senza umsebenzi ofanayo ngezinhlobo zamazambane zaseRussia ezidumile. Isu lesibili wukwethula ekukhethweni kwezinhlobo zamazambane asendle asevele amelana nokusaccharification,” kusho yena.
Inkinga eyinhloko yokusebenzisa isu lesibili okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-steroidal glycoalkaloids anobuthi kubantu ezimpandeni zezinhlobo ezinjalo zasendle. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi baye bahlonza isakhi sofuzo esibhekene nokuqoqwa kwalawa ma-glycoalkaloids, futhi manje bahlose "ukuyivala", kuyilapho begcina ukuphikiswa kwesitshalo ku-saccharification.
Njengoba umcwaningi ephawula, lawa amasu afanayo, futhi esikhathini esizayo, uma umsebenzi kuzo zombili izinkomba uqedwa ngempumelelo, abalimi bazothola ngokushesha izindlela ezimbili zokudala izinhlobo ezimelana ne-saccharification ebandayo.