Ososayensi e-University of Utah bathole ubufakazi bokuthi abomdabu baseNyakatho Melika basebenzise amazambane asendle ekudleni eminyakeni eyizi-10 000 edlule.
Umlando wokusetshenziswa kwamazambane asendle ngaphambi kokulinywa okwenziwe ngabantu uyaqondwa kahle futhi unqunyelwe kuze kube muva nje eNingizimu Melika. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2016, ososayensi bathola ubufakazi bokuthi amaNdiya ase-Andes ayelima amazambane eminyakeni engaba ngu-5000 20 edlule. ENyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi, okungenani izinhlobo ezingama-XNUMX zasendle zezitshalo zezimpande ziyaziwa kusuka kuhlobo I-Solanum (umndeni osondelene), kodwa ukubaluleka kwazo ekudleni kwabantu baseMelika yasendulo akukasungulwa. Abavubukuli baseMelika bagcwalisa igebe leli futhi benza ukucubungula imidwebo yesitashi etholakala kwenye yezindawo zokumba zakudala.
Idatha Yamazambane Asendle I-solanum tuberosum sezivele zitholakele eNingizimu Melika, eKasma Valley, ePeru, futhi zineminyaka yobudala engama-7 800, yize kungekho ukuvumelana phakathi kososayensi ukuthi ngabe lezi bekuyizitshalo zasendle noma esezivele zifuyiwe. Ocwaningweni olusha, ososayensi basebenzise okutholakele okuvela eNorth Creek Shelter eningizimu ye-Utah. Kutholakale ubufakazi obuningi bomsebenzi obalulekile wabantu basendulo: iziko nemigodi, amathuluzi wamatshe, izinsalela zezitshalo nezilwane. Ukuvubukula kuveze izingqimba eziyisikhombisa zamasiko ezisukela eminyakeni eyi-11 500 eyedlule.
Ososayensi bahlola izinsalela zamathuluzi amatshe ayi-101 atholakala lapha. Izindawo ezingaphezulu kwezinsimbi ezingama-24 zazinezinhlayiya zesitashi ezingama-323, okuthi kuzogcina kukhonjwe amagremu ayisishiyagalolunye njengezinhlobo zamazambane asendle Solanum jamesii kanti amagremu angama-61 achazwa njengengxenye yesitshalo. Ukuhlaziywa kweRadiocarbon kwamathuluzi amatshe okwatholakala kuwo izinsalela zamazambane kukhombisa iminyaka yobudala eyi-10, 900-10. Futhi lokhu okutholwe, ngokusho kososayensi, kungubufakazi obubhaliwe bokuqala bokusetshenziswa kwamazambane eNyakatho Melika. Futhi njengoba amazambane efika eYurophu evela eMelika, mhlawumbe yinsali yamazambane endala kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Phambilini, abavubukuli sebevele bathole umkhondo wokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo zasendle ngabantu ngaphambi kokuqala kokutshala kwabo. Isibonelo, ama-oats asendle asetshenziswa e-Italy eminyakeni engama-32 edlule, nebhali lasendle nokolweni kwa-Israyeli eminyakeni engama-600 eyedlule.
Ucwaningo lushicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Source: https://chrdk.ru