Ngenkathi yezolimo ka-2022, indawo ehlwanyelwe ngaphansi kwe-beet beet yahlala icishe ifane neyango-2021, ikhula, ngokusho kukaRosstat, ngo-2% kuphela. Isimo sezulu ezindaweni eziningi zokutshalwa kwezimpande sithanda ukukhula kwaso. Ukuze usindise izitshalo ze-beet ezifweni, inkampani "August" inikeze abalimi uhla olwandisiwe lwezidakamizwa eziphumelele ukuhlolwa, ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nezifo nokwandisa umkhiqizo wezitshalo.
Izifo eziyinhloko zesithombo sebhitrudi ngokuvamile zihlanganisa phomosis, fusarium, ramularia, Alternaria, powdery isikhutha, cercosporosis. Kodwa-ke, eRussia namuhla, i-cercosporosis ne-powdery isikhutha yizona ezivame kakhulu futhi eziyingozi. Lezi zifo zinciphisa isivuno, zinciphisa izinga likashukela ezitshalweni zezimpande futhi ziphazamise umthamo wazo wokugcina.
I-causative agent ye-powdery mildew ikhula kuphela esitshalweni esiphilayo. I-white plaque, isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sangaphandle salesi sifo, siqukethe i-mycelium ye-pathogen fungus, i-spore-bearing outgrowth kuyo kanye nezinhlamvu zokuzalanisa kwe-asexual - conidia, enikeza izizukulwane eziningana phakathi nenkathi futhi ithele izitshalo ezintsha. I-fungus igcinwa ezinsalela zezitshalo, imbewu, izitshalo zezimpande ezishiywe ensimini kusukela ngonyaka odlule. Ukuze ulwe nalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukubheka ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, kodwa ngomonakalo omkhulu, ukwelashwa kwesikhunta kuwukuphela kwekhambi elithembekile.
I-Cercosporosis ayithinti kuphela ama-beet ashukela, kodwa futhi nezinye izitshalo eziningi nokhula. Ibonakala emaqabunga ngendlela yamabala ansundu ayindilinga anomngcele obomvu noma onsundu ngokubomvu. I-ejenti ye-causative ilala ngendlela ye-mycelium eziqongweni ezindala, ku-pericarp yembewu, ezimpandeni zesibeletho. Lesi sifo sikhula ngamandla eminyakeni edlule ngokushintshana kwesimo sezulu esomile esishisayo nesinomswakama ophakathi nendawo. Ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawulweni kwe-cercosporosis, kodwa ngenxa yohlu olubanzi lwezitshalo ezibamba ukhunta, ukusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides ngokuvamile akwanele.
“Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu sesizini, esinye salezi zifo ezimbili sivame ukuvela. Izinkinga abalimi ababhekana nazo zijwayelekile, omunye angase athi, zihleliwe. Amanye amapulazi asevele enza imithi yokuqala yokuvimbela isikhunta kule sizini yamanje. Eningizimu (eKrasnodar naseStavropol) ukwanda kwamazinga okusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides kanye nokuncipha kwezikhawu phakathi kokwelashwa kuyaphawulwa, kaningi kudingekile ukuphendukela ekwelashweni kwe-fungicidal wesithathu, - kusho uVladimir Peshekhonov, uchwepheshe oholayo umnyango wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo we-Avgust Firm JSC esifundeni saseCentral Chernozemny.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abalimi be-beet besebenzisa amalungiselelo anjalo avela enkampanini ka-August njengeRayok, Benorad, Credo, Kolosal Pro ukulwa nezifo zezimpande. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva, uhla lwemikhiqizo yokuvikela isithombo sebhitrudi sanda ngenxa yokwethulwa kwemikhiqizo esekelwe ezingxenyeni ezintsha, ezisebenzayo ngisho nangaphezulu - isibonelo, i-epoxiconazole ne-tetraconazole evela ekilasini le-thiazole. Lezi zithako ezisebenzayo ziyingxenye ye-Hecate (difenoconazole + tetraconazole), i-Rakurs (epoxiconazole + cyproconazole) kanye ne-Spirit (azoxystrobin + epoxiconazole) amalungiselelo. Ngesisekelo se-azoxystrobin "August" futhi ikhiqiza isikhunta "Baly" (propiconazole + azoxystrobin).
"Amagama ambalwa mayelana ne-azoxystrobin: ehlala ongqimbeni lwe-wax yeqabunga, ivikela izitshalo ezinhlamvu ezintsha ze-fungal pathogens. Futhi ngokuhlanganiswa ne-triazoles, iyakwazi ukumisa ukutheleleka okuvele kukhula futhi imise i-sporulation uma kwenzeka ukubambezeleka okuphoqelekile ekwelashweni, "kuphawula uVladimir Peshekhonov.
Isibulala-sikhunta "Tirada" (tiram + difenoconazole) siphinde sabonisa isithembiso saso. I-Thiram inikeza isenzo esinamandla sokuxhumana ngokumelene nesikhunta se-pathogenic namagciwane. Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu kwe-prophylactic ngalo muthi ukuvikela ezinhlamvu ezihluma ebusweni beqabunga.
Ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo emisha sekuyiminyaka eminingana kuqhutshwa: isibonelo, ekuhlolweni okusekelwe ku-All-Russian Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar eqanjwe ngo-A.L. I-Mazlumov esifundeni saseVoronezh, eyabanjwa ngo-2017-2019. Ama-fungicides "Gekata", "Spirit", "Baly" kanye "Tirada" abonise ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zendabuko - ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa isivuno se-beet ushukela ngamathani angu-4-5 ngehektha ngalinye, kanye nokwandisa isivuno. okuqukethwe ushukela ezitshalweni impande by 0,5, 2-XNUMX%.
“Ezimweni ezomile ngesikhathi sokukhula, isivuno esihle satholwa kusetshenziswa i-Balia, 0,8 l/ha kanye ne-Spirit, 0,7 l/ha. Ngonyaka omanzi, i-Hecate, i-0,8 l / ha, iphumelele kakhulu ngokumelene ne-cercosporosis. "Baly", "Spirit" kanye "Hecate" kunciphise ukusabalala nokuthuthukiswa kwe-cercosporosis cishe izikhathi ezi-2, i-powdery isikhutha - izikhathi ezingu-4-5 uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula ngaphandle kokwelashwa," kufingqa uVladimir Peshekhonov.
Ochwepheshe be-"August" batusa ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides angenhla nama-adjuvants "Allur" noma "Polyphem", ukuze isisombululo somuthi sisakaze kangcono phezu kweqabunga, silungiswe ngokuphumelelayo futhi ngokushesha siqale ukusebenza ku-pathogen.