U-Alexander Skvortsov, iNhloko Yamazambane eSumi, eSumiAgro Russia
Isikhathi se-2020 asibanga yirekhodi lokuvunwa okuphelele kwamazambane ezweni lethu. Izici zokucindezeleka ezithintekile zohlobo oluhlukile, ezahlukile ngokuya ngesifunda. Ngonyaka ozayo, abatshali bamazambane abaningi balangazelele "ukubamba", kepha izimo zemakethe zibaphoqa ukuthi benze ushintsho ezinhlelweni zabo. Umkhuba wukuthi ubuningi bemikhiqizo abubaluleki kangako ekuphumeleleni kwebhizinisi, futhi ngokuya ngokwanda - ikhwalithi yalo.
Kuhlala kunesidingo somkhiqizo onempahla enhle kakhulu yezentengiselwano, efanelekile ukugcinwa, ukuwashwa, ukufakwa, kanye nentengo ephezulu enikelwa wona. Ukukubeka ngokuqinile, namuhla udinga ukutshala amazambane asezingeni eliphakeme noma ungabhekani nhlobo nalesi sitshalo.
Umsebenzi wekhwalithi udinga umzamo omkhulu futhi kufanele uqale ngohlelo lokuvikela izitshalo olucatshangelwe kahle.
Ukuvikelwa kwengcindezi
Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi isimo sezulu sizokhula kanjani kule nkathi entsha nokuthi sizovuna yini amazambane akhulayo, kepha ulwazi lukhombisa ukuthi awukho nowodwa unyaka, ngisho ophumelela kakhulu, ongenazinkinga, ngakho-ke umuntu akufanele alindele kuphela umusa ovela emvelweni. Futhi kungcono ukulungiselela isimanga esingahle singathandeki kusengaphambili usebenzisa izikhuthazi nabalungisi bezempilo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi siphila esikhathini sezinguquko zesimo sezulu, ukutshalwa kwemali kulawa malungiselelo kufaneleke ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwazo kunzima kakhulu ukudalula amandla wesivuno kanye nokuthola izinkomba eziphezulu zokumaketha. Omanyolo abakhulu abasetshenziswa emapulazini badala kuphela amandla okuma, futhi abalungisi bayakubona ezimweni eziguqukayo.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu abalimi, isibonelo, umugqa we-Basfoliar wokulinganisa uhlelo lokudla okunamaminerali. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni sokudonswa, ungasebenzisa umuthi i-Basfoliar®Kelp, uqukethe ama-hormone auxin (asezingeni eliphakeme) ne-cytokinin, kanye neqoqo lezici zokulandela ngomkhondo. Ukwelashwa kabusha kwenziwa esigabeni sezithombo ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande.
Esigabeni sokukhula ngobuningi besisindo semifino, iBasfoliar® Active (NPK 5:27:18 + microelements) ibalulekile, ngemuva kokushintshela ekwakhekeni kwamatayitela - iBasfoliar® Combi Stipp, kufaka phakathi i-calcium, ekhuthaza isikhathi eside isitoreji sethemu.
Isidakamizwa i-Siapton® isethi eyenziwe ngomumo yama-amino acid kanye nama-peptide ekugxileni okuphezulu, okusebenzela ukunqoba imiphumela yengcindezi. Umuthi usheshisa ukumuncwa kwe-nitrogen futhi uvimbela izindlela zokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuqala.
I-Amalgerol® Essence ihlanganisa izakhiwo zemikhiqizo eminingana ngasikhathi sinye: iqukethe ama-amino acid, izikhuthazi zokukhula ezincike ekukhipheni kolwandle, isisebenzisi senhlabathi microflora, micro- kanye ne-meso-nutrient. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kuphinde kusheshise ukwanda kwemvelo kwezinhlanga ngenxa yokusebenza kwezinambuzane ezincane zenhlabathi, kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-mycorrhiza ezimpandeni zezitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Ukulawulwa kwezifo nezinambuzane
Izifo nezinambuzane zivame ukuphazamisa ukufezekisa isivuno esikhulu samazambane. Njengesibonelo: phakathi kwezifo eziningi ezithinta izilimo eziyizigaxa, asikho esingaqhathaniswa nobungozi nesifo se-rhizoctonia. I-Rhizoctoniae ihlala izibonakalisa kumazambane, minyaka yonke; ukuze ithuthuke, azikho izimo ezikhethekile zokushisa kanye nomswakama ezidingekayo, futhi ukulimala kwezithombo ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula kungasinciphisa isivuno ngokujulile. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwesibulala-magciwane kufanele kunqunywe ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenza ngokuhlobene nalesi sifo esithile.
IPencicuron, isithako esisebenzayo sePrestige®, sisebenza ngokweqile ngokulwa ne-rhizoctonia. I-Imidacloprid - ingxenye yesibili yomuthi - ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile kwesiko engxenyeni yokuqala yesikhathi sokukhula kusuka kuma-scoops, ama-wireworms, i-Colorado amazambane mabhungane nama-aphid. I-Imidacloprid yi-neonicotinoid enamandla kakhulu, inesikhathi eside sesenzo sokuzivikela kune-thiamethoxam ne-acetamiprid.
Ukulimala okwenzeka emuva kwesikhathi kanye ne-Alternaria yizifo ezithinta kakhulu ama-apharathasi amaqabunga amazambane. Ukulwa nazo, isayensi yanamuhla inikeza izidakamizwa eziningi, kepha kubalulekile ukukhetha kulolu hlu ngempumelelo nangendawo yonke ngasikhathi sinye. Thatha i-fungicide ye-Consento® njengesampula. Ilawula zonke izigaba zokuthuthuka kokulimaza sekwephuzile, inemiphumela yomibili yokuvikela kanye neyokwelapha, kanye nomphumela wokulwa nokuphazamiseka. Isidakamizwa sihlelekile, sivikela ukukhula okusha ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kweziqongqo zamazambane. Izakhiwo ezingeziwe - ezingamelana nokuhlanjululwa futhi zilawula ama-causative agents e-Alternaria.
Elinye ithuluzi elingaba khona ekulweni nokulimala sekwephuzile yi-Elektis D®. Lesi isidakamizwa "senkathi yangemva kokwenza ubumnandi" (khumbula ukuthi kusukela ngo-2021, amazwe amaningi athuthukile aseYurophu enqaba ukusebenzisa i-mancoceb, umuthi wokuxhumana onomlando omude), usesigabeni sokugcina sokubhaliswa eRussia. Iqukethe i-molecule entsha kumazambane - i-Zoxamide, ephazamisa izinqubo ezikuyi-nucleus ye-pathogen, ephazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamatubu ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwama-zoospores. Lokho wukuthi, inendlela yokusebenza ehlukile ehlukile kwezinye izinto. I-Zoxamide iyamelana nokushaywa, okukuhlukanisa kahle ne-mancozeb; lapho uhlela izindlela zokwelashwa, awukwazi ukwenza ukulungiswa kwezulu nemvula yokunisela. Ingxenye yesibili, i-dimethomorph, inomphumela wokuhumusha futhi ivimbela ukukhula kwezindonga zeseli zefungus. Ngenxa yalokho, sinomkhiqizo omusha osebenza kahle kakhulu onokumelana nemvula okuhle kakhulu.
Ake sihlale ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni sokumelana nemithi ekuqhumeni. Akungabazeki ukuthi, amazambane aniselwa athela isivuno esikhulu kunamazambane afuyiwe. Kepha kuyadingeka ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi amapulazi asebenzisa ukuchelela kufanele aqaphele ikakhulukazi lapho ekhetha izidakamizwa ngokumelene nokulimaza sekwephuzile, kuyadingeka ukuthi kucatshangelwe ukusebenza kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezimweni ezinjalo.
I-Ranman® Top, ethandwa kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu enesimo sezulu sasolwandle, ingena kahle esikimini sokunisela. ICyazofamide - ingxenye esebenzayo yomuthi - isebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zegciwane kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwamazambane. Inomsebenzi we-translaminar ngisho ne-quasi-systemic futhi iyamelana nemvula ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eyi-15 ngemuva kokwelashwa.
Emazweni aseYurophu, lesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa ukuqeda imishanguzo ekupheleni kwesizini.
Omunye umkhiqizo omelana nokugeleza, iMixanil® iyindlela enhle kakhulu ehlukile kunemikhiqizo equkethe i-mancoceb. Iqukethe inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezinto - i-chlorothalonil ne-cymoxanil, enika lesi sidakamizwa ngokuxhumana nomsebenzi we-translaminar nokusebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene nokulimaza okwenzeka sekwedlule isikhathi kanye ne-alternaria. Lesi yisidakamizwa esihle kakhulu ekwakheni isu lokulwa nokumelana, ngoba okwamanje awekho amacala okumelana ne-cymoxanil, futhi angeke kube yi-chlorothalonil (into inemisebenzi eminingi).
Ngokwesimo sokuvikelwa kwezitshalo ekuhlaselweni yisifo sekwephuzile nase-Alternaria, ngithanda nokukhumbuza i-fungicide Cuproxat®. Iqukethe i-tribasic copper sulfate. Ukulungiswa kuketshezi, usayizi wezinhlayiyana ungaphansi kwe-1 micron. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwendlela yokusebenza, i-Cuproxat® ibhubhisa amagciwane amancane ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo zezitshalo. I-pathogen engena ebusweni elashwe nge-fungicide cishe ngaso leso sikhathi "iyasha" - ukukhishwa kwamaprotheni nokubhujiswa kwezicubu kwenzeka.
Ukulawulwa kokhula
Amazambane, ngokungafani nezitshalo eziningi, anesikhathi eside sokuhluma, futhi ngaleyo ndlela anikeze ikhanda ukhula: isikhathi esithile abanabo abancintisana nabo ensimini. Izinhlobo zemithi yokubulala ukhula, eyaziwa kakhulu emakethe, imvamisa yenza kahle ngokhula olunamadayimane, kepha okusanhlamvu, ikakhulukazi okuhlala isikhathi eside, akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokwenelisayo.
Akungabazeki ukuthi impi yokulwa nengqolowa efanayo ekhulayo kufanele yenziwe ngokuhlelekile, ngokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, ukuze kukhishwe ukubukeka kwayo emasimini amazambane. Kepha empeleni, lo msebenzi awenziwa njalo. Ezimweni lapho ukhula lokusanhlamvu lungalawuleki, iTarga® Super, umkhiqizo osuselwa ku-quizalofop-P-ethyl, kungaba yisixazululo. Isidakamizwa asiboshelwe esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwamazambane, ukusetshenziswa kwaso kungahlanganiswa nokwethulwa kweminye imithi. Umthamo uyaguquguquka, kuya ngezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.
Abasizayo
Ake sigcizelele ukuthi noma imuphi umuthi uyithuluzi elingahle lingasebenzi lodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, uma lithengwa. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngendlela efanele. Umphumela uthonywe yizinto eziningi: ijubane lesifutho, elilungiswe umoya nomswakama womoya, okokufafaza (ukukhetha ama-fungicides kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-flare amabili), izinga lokugqoka kwawo (lishintshe njalo). Ukunxephezela ngokulahleka okungaba khona ngesikhathi sokufafaza, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, nokwandisa ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa, kuvumela ukukhetha okufanelekile kwabasekeli.
Ake siphawule ezimbili zazo. ICrusade® yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa nama-fungicides, ihlanganisa izindlela eziningana zokwenza ngasikhathi sinye: ngaphezu kokunikeza ukusabalala okungcono nokugcinwa kwamaconsi esisombululo esisebenzayo, le adjuvant yakha ingxenyenamba yamaconsi "abaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo" Ama-microns ayi-100.
Kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, i-adjuvant Olemix® izikhombisa kangcono. Lokhu kungukulungiselela okususelwa ku-oyela wamaminerali, kusetshenziswa kumthamo we-0,5-1,5 l / ha (kuya ngamahlamvu ezinhlobonhlobo kanye nezinga lokukhula kwezitshalo ngesikhathi sokucubungula). I-Olemix® yandisa ukusebenza kwezibulali zinambuzane ngokunciphisa ukungezwani kobuso besixazululo esisebenzayo; kuvimbela ukuhlanzwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngemvula nangamazolo aqinile futhi kukhombise isenzo sezinambuzane-acaricidal kuma-aphid ngamazinga okusetshenziswa okwandisiwe.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukusho ukuthi amazambane angaphansi kwezilimo ezinamandla kakhulu ezidinga ukutshalwa kwemali okukhulu kwemizamo nemali uma ikhula, ungathetheleli ukonga ezintweni ezincane. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaqiniso ezimakethe awavumeli ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi umkhiqizi wezolimo asebenzise wonke amathuluzi esimanje ukufeza impumelelo. Kepha lokhu akudingeki. Ukukhula okucabangayo kancane kancane nokwenza kahle okuhlakaniphile kubaluleke kakhulu.