Abezindaba baseFrance babike inhloso kahulumeni yokunqanda ukusetshenziswa kwe-glyphosate emapulazini kusukela ngo-2020. Lo mlayezo uze phakathi kwenhlangano ekhulayo yemvelo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala zinambuzane.
I-Glyphosate (N- (phosphonomethyl) -glycine, C3H8NO5P) umuthi wokubulala ukhula ongakhethi osetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula, ikakhulukazi ama-perennials. Phakathi kwama-herbicides ungowokuqala emhlabeni ekukhiqizeni. Into esetshenziswayo yemikhiqizo ethengisiwe ngaphansi kwamagama okuhweba "Roundup", "Hurricane Forte" (Syngenta), Glyphos (Cheminova A / S), "Tornado", "Argument Star", "Triumph", "Ampir", "Agrokiller", Chops SANTI, ZARIT, njll.
Izici zokwenziwa kwe-herbicidal zento le zaqala ukutholwa ngonyaka we-1970 nguJohn Franz, owayesebenzela inkampani yaseMonsanto yaseMelika. Ngo-1987, uJohn Franz wathola iNational Medal in Technology and Innovation kulokhu kutholwa. Igama lokuhweba le-glyphosate yi-Roundup (kusuka esiNgisini - "ukuzivikela okuyindilinga") lisho umbuthano wezinqola, ngenxa yokuthi izifiki zaseMelika zaxoshwa kumaNdiya. Kuqala, i-herbicide yayisetshenziswa amabutho ukulwa nezimila ezindaweni zezindiza zaseVietnam, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yayisetshenziswa kwezolimo futhi yaba yiyona evame kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngo-2000, ilungelo lobunikazi le-Monsanto le-molecule ye-glyphosate laphelelwa isikhathi, okuholele ekubonakaleni kwemakethe yabancintisana abakhiqiza izifaniso zohlobo lweRoundup.
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2016, kuqhamuke ukhula olunamandla wokulwa ne-glyphosate, oluphoqa ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kokubulala izinambuzane.
Ukunyakaza kwemvelo eYurophu kujatshuliswa yizifundo ngobudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-glyphosate nokusakazeka komdlavuza. Izazi zemvelo zaseFrance zikhuluma ngokwandisa izindawo ezihlaselayo zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kanye nesidingo sokuvimbela i-glyphosate iyonke.
UMongameli waseFrance uMacron waveza isikhundla sakhe kwizindawo ezibulala izinambuzane. Uveze ukuthi ufisa "ukuqhubekela phambili ekuphathweni kwezindawo ezibulala izinambuzane ngempumelelo" ngenxa "yezinkinga zomphakathi", kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezemvelo waseFrance u-Elisabeth Bourne waphawula ukuthi ubesebenza "kuphrojekthi yokulawula ukubulala izinambuzane".
Uhulumeni waseFrance uhlinzeka ngezimali zomxhaso kubalimi ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-25 "ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa kwezezimali ukuthengwa kwamathuluzi wokusebenzisa ngempumelelo wemikhiqizo yephytosanitary uma kuziwa ekulawuleni nengozi yokushayiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane." Ngokwemithetho emisha evunyiwe ohulumeni baseFrance, kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2020, ama-pesticides ayingozi awasetshenziswa awekho ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-20 ukusuka ezakhiweni nasezakhiweni zokuhlala.
Ngokubulala izibulala-zinambuzane okungeyona ingozi futhi kuya ngezilimo, kunqunywe ibanga lokudla okunga-buffer ngamamitha ayi-5 ukuya kwe-10. Isibonelo, ukufafaza izitshalo ze-berry, izihlahla zezithelo kanye nezivini kuzodinga ibanga okungenani lamamitha ayi-10, kanye nesihlanu ngemifino.
Le mithetho izosebenza kuzo zonke izilimo ezihlwanyelwe ngemuva kukaJanuwari 1, 2020, futhi kusuka ngoJulayi 1, 2020 kunoma iyiphi indawo ehlwanyelwe esevele ihlwanyiwe ngaphambi kwalolu suku, ngaphandle kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane eyingozi kakhulu.
Izimeya zamadolobha ngamanye ukuze zikhulise indawo e-buffer zibe amamitha ayi-150 ziphikisiwe enkantolo. UNgqongqoshe Wezolimo waseFrance wabiza lezi zidingo ngokuthi "ziyahlanya."
Ungaqonda amaFulentshi - kukhona umhlaba omncane. E-Russia, indawo e-buffer ngamamitha angama-300. Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-glyphosate, kukhiqizwa inqwaba yamayeza okubulala izinambuzane. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-glyphosate kukhawulelwe kuphela kwiziza zasekhaya.
Lokho okulindelwe imboni yezolimo yaseRussia maqondana nokwenqaba okungaguquki kwamazwe e-EU ukusebenzisa i-glyphosate kumcabango nje. Uma kungekho umkhiqizo wayo wezithako ezisebenzayo ezibulala izinambuzane, ukufaka esikhundleni se-glyphosate akukakulindelekile emikhakheni yaseRussia, ngakho-ke, ukuqiniswa kwemikhankaso ye-PR kulindeleke ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-CSF ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesitshalo sokuthumela ngaphandle. Kepha ukuhlukunyezwa kwabezemvelo ngokuhambisana nokusabela okungekuhle kwabathengi emikhiqizweni esebenzisa i-glyphosate ngesikhathi sokutshala kuzokhula kuphela.
Isici esinqumayo, ngokusobala, kuzoba yisinqumo sezwe elilodwa noma iqembu lamazwe angenisa ukudla ukuthi lingamukeli imikhiqizo yokudla ekhuliswe ngosizo lwe-glyphosate. Umbuzo awusondele, kepha ungokoqobo impela, uma kuza ekhasini lezombusazwe.