Ingxenye ye-1
Ama-rutting pivots abe yinselelo kubalimi kusukela kwasungulwa imishini - ngamanye amazwi, le nkinga isineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70 ikhona.
Ama-ruts akhiwa lapho inhlabathi isuswa, njengoba amasondo emibhoshongo yokusekela (ngolimi oluvamile - "izinqola") ehamba ngaphesheya kwensimu. Lokhu kubangelwa izici ezimbili eziyinhloko - umkhawulo womthwalo omile wenhlabathi kanye nokugudluka okuguquguqukayo.
I-Static Load Limit imane nje iyipharamitha yendawo engaphezulu futhi ivamise ukuqedwa ngokufaka amasondo amakhulu noma izisekeli ezikhulisa indawo yokuxhumana namasondo.
Ukususwa kwe-Dynamic kwenzeka ngenxa yokunyakaza kwendawo yesondo. Lapho ukunyathela kusunduza phezulu, kushukumisa inhlabathi ngamandla aqondile. Izinga lokunyakaza lincike ezintweni eziningi, ezinomphumela obonakalayo: indawo engalingani, uhlobo lwenhlabathi kanye nezinga lomswakama, iphethini yokunyathela isondo enolaka noma engasebenzi, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufuduka kwenzeka ngenxa yejometri yokunyakaza kwe-sprinkler. Wonke amasondo amabili asekela imibhoshongo eyindilinga ahlala elungiswa ngokunyakaza okuncane ukuze alinganise isifafazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ngokwesiko, isixazululo senkinga sasibhekwa njengokusetshenziswa kwamasondo anobukhulu obukhulayo - kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa ukujula kwethrekhi okwamukelekayo. Nakuba le ndlela icabangela umkhawulo womthwalo omile ngokunganaki futhi ayenzi lutho nhlobo ukuze iqede isici esishukumisayo sokuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathayi anonyathela oluqinile ngokuvamile enza isimo sibe sibi nakakhulu.
Enye yezinketho zokulinganisa umthelela omubi wesistimu yokunisela emhlabathini ukufakwa kwamathrekhi, isibonelo, I-RAAFT... Umkhawulo wokulayisha omile uxazululwa ngokuba nomugqa wezinyawo wamayintshi skwele angama-520, okungukuthi izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyisihlanu indawo yokuxhumana yesondo elivamile uchungechunge lwe-11,2 x 24 (amamodeli 525 kanye no-526) kanye nemodeli engu-700, elingana namasondo ochungechunge angu-14.9 x 24, ihlanganisa indawo engaphezu kwama-intshi skwele angu-700. Le ndawo yokuxhumana engaguquki yanele ukubhekana cishe nanoma yisiphi isimo senhlabathi, ngisho namanzi amile ezindaweni zokuncibilika.
Ukusebenzisa i-RAAFT futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ukhohlwe ngenkinga yokuchema okuguquguqukayo, okwenza ngokushesha lesi sixazululo sihluke kwabaningi emakethe namuhla. Le nzuzo iqinisekiswa ngendlela ekhethekile yokubeka amathrekhi lapho isondo lihamba khona futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu i-coefficient of displacement ashukumisayo.
Eqinisweni, inhlabathi ayinyakazi ngenxa yokunyakaza kwe-axial, ngoba umzuzu wokugoqa uvela phakathi kwesondo nethrekhi, hhayi phakathi kwesondo nomhlabathi.
Umcamelo uphansi futhi uhlala umile ngaphansi komthwalo njengoba isondo ligingqika phezu kwawo. Ikhono lethrekhi ye-RAAFT lokuziqondanisa nokuhlala imile lifinyelelwa ngoxhumano oluhlukile lwezindiza eziningi. Lawa mahinge avumela umcamelo ukuba utsheke kunoma iyiphi indlela, kodwa okubaluleke nakakhulu, kunciphisa kakhulu ukunyakaza komcamelo ngokwawo njengoba uhamba ngaphesheya kwensimu. Ukunyakaza okuncane kusho ukugudluka okunamandla.
Singakhohlwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, ngemva kokutshala ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukukhululeka kwensimu kufana, kodwa kushintsha cishe masonto onke. Izizathu zingahluka. Kodwa ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokunisela endaweni engazinzile, ene-rutting ejulile, nakanjani kuyakhathaza. Ukusetshenziswa kwamacimbi kungasusa izinhlangothi zombili zenkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathrekhi:
- ukusiza ukunciphisa umthwalo kuma-transmission;
- vikela amathayi ku-punctures okungenzeka noma izindawo eziyinkinga ngenkathi ushayela;
- Ukufakeka kalula: Amathrekhi ahlanganiswa kuqala efekthri, adinga ukuxhunywa kwezinkundla ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ukuze kuhlonyiswe umbhoshongo owodwa.
- ingafakwa kuphela embhoshongweni owodwa noma ngaphezulu - lapho kunezinkinga zokuqondanisa lapho i-sprinkler ihamba.
Ukufingqa, sikhumbula ukuthi izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-rut endleleni yesistimu yokunisela namuhla zifaka:
- ukufakwa kwamasondo amakhulu,
- usebenzisa amasondo engeziwe umbhoshongo ngamunye,
- ukwengeza isistimu elandelwayo phezulu isikhona kakade amathayi we-pneumatic.
Ngokuvamile lezi zindlela zanele, kodwa kukhona okuhlukile, futhi emasimini lapho kuvele khona ama-ruts ajulile, kunezimo ezivamile zokukhubaza ukunyakaza kwesistimu yokunisela ("iphutha lezinga") lapho omunye wemibhoshongo eyeka. Ukuze ugweme izimo ezinjalo, imiklamo eminingi emisha ekuqaleni ifakwe amasondo amakhulu obubanzi.
Yini engenziwa ngengoma ekhona? Kunemikhiqizo eminingi emakethe eklanyelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokulandelela ukuqondanisa komshini wokufafaza ngenkathi ushayela. Izigaba zethrekhi eziyinkinga zingagcwaliswa ngezengezo ze-superabsorbent noma imfucumfucu nje; ukuhlomisa uhlelo lokunisela ngemiklamo ehlukahlukene yamasondo.
Izinombolo zezinye izinketho nezindlela nazo zingenzeka, okuthi, uma kunesithakazelo kubafundi, zingachazwa ezihlokweni ezilandelayo.
Siyaqaphela kuphela ukuthi ukulwa nama-ruts ajulile, kanye nesixazululo sezinye izinkinga ezihambisana nalokhu, kubiza kakhulu kubakhiqizi bezolimo ngenkathi ephezulu, ngakho-ke uma lesi sihloko sibalulekile kuwe, sinikeze ukunakwa okuphezulu okwamanje.