Ibhu lezambane i-Phthorimaea operculella Zeller iyisilokazane esiyingozi sokuhlukanisa abantu abaningi esisabalele kuwo wonke amazwekazi lapho kutshalwa khona amazambane.
Ukuhlakazwa kwebhu lamazambane kwenzeka ngezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinegciwane, ezithunyelwa kuqala zisuka ezifundeni zaseNingizimu Melika, bese zisuka ku-foci yesibili yezinambuzane (ngokusho kwe-FGBU "VNIIKR").
E-Russian Federation, inundu yamazambane yatholwa ngo-1981-1983. ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama eCaucasus, kusukela e-Anapa kuya e-Adler.
Izitshalo zokudla zamabhu amazambane ziyatshalwa futhi izitshalo zasendle zomndeni we-nightshade: amazambane, isitshalo seqanda, ugwayi, i-physalis, i-henbane, i-dope. Kuzo, izinambuzane zikhula ngokugcwele futhi zinikeze inzalo evundile. Ngokwezinga elincane, upelepele, utamatisi kanye nabanye abameleli be-nightshade bayalimala. Ezindaweni ezivuna ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi emazweni ashisayo, isivuno esivunwayo singabhujiswa ngokuphelele yilesi zinambuzane.
Ibhu lamazambane likhula ngaphandle kokudabula. Umkhawulo ophansi wentuthuko ngu +10°C, ongaphezulu ngu +35°C. Ngaphakathi kwale mikhawulo yokushisa, ukuthuthukiswa kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka -4°C nangaphezulu kuka +36°C, zonke izigaba zokukhula ziyashabalala. Isikhathi sokukhula sincike kakhulu ekushiseni. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu angama-20-27 ° C, isizukulwane esisodwa sebhu lamazambane sikhula phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-28-30, futhi ku-8-20 ° C - izinsuku eziyi-120-150.
Ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezinezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo, elinemodi yokulondoloza engu-+3…+5°C, zonke izigaba zokukhula kwezinambuzane ziyafa noma zingakwazi ukuphila izinyanga ezi-4-5. Izimvemvane zindiza ziphume ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi zihlangane kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Ehlobo, umsebenzi wezimvemvane ubonwa kusihlwa, ngokushesha ngemva kokushona kwelanga nangaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga. Ekwindla, kwenzeka emini, kushubile ikakhulukazi ku-18 °C. Izimvemvane azindizi emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-13 °C.
U-Imago uhlala izinsuku eziyi-10-12. Ezinsikazi zizalela amaqanda aphakathi kuka-60-110, anenani eliphakeme lamaqanda angama-400. Inombolo enkulu yezimvemvane ibonwa ngaphambi kokuvuna amazambane.
Ibhu lamazambane liya ebusika ezigabeni ezihlukene zokukhula, nokho, izibungu zeminyaka yesine kuphela neziphungumangathi eseziqedile ukudla zingase zidlule ubusika. Izinambuzane zilala ezinsalela zezitshalo, enhlabathini ekujuleni okungafika ku-5-7 cm, ezindaweni zokugcina.
Isiteji esiyingozi isibungu, esilimaza amaqabunga, isiqu kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezitshalweni zonakaliswa kuphela lapho zifika phezulu noma kunemifantu yenhlabathi ngaphezulu kwazo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zeRussian Federation, inundu yamazambane ayithinti isivuno samazambane ensimini. Umonakalo omkhulu ubangelwa ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokugcina ezinokushisa okungalawuleki ku-10-15 ° C nangaphezulu. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinamavesi kanye nendle yezinambuzane ezingaphansi kwesikhumba kanye ne-pulp azigcinwa kahle, zilinyazwa kakhulu yizifo, zilahlekelwa ukwethulwa kwazo kanye nekhwalithi.
Lapho utshala izitshalo ze-nightshade, isethi yezinyathelo zenhlangano, ezomnotho kanye ne-agrotechnical kufanele zibhekwe:
- ukushintshanisa izitshalo ngokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo okungenani iminyaka emithathu, okuphoqelekile ukuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo ezintsha emasimini amadala nezitolo zemifino okungenani ikhilomitha elilodwa;
- ukubhujiswa okuhlelekile kokuzihlwanyela kwe-Solanaceae etshaliwe nesendle ekugxilweni kwamabhu amazambane;
- ukutshala amazambane kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imbewu enempilo kuphela. Ukufika kufanele kwenziwe enhlabathini efudumele (ukufudumala ukujula kuka-14 cm). Lapho ukhula, izitshalo kufanele zigqunywe njalo, zivimbele izilimo eziyizigaxa ukuthi zingavezwa, futhi ziniselwe;
- ukuvuna kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ekuqaleni kokuphuzi kweziqongo. Ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokuvuna amazambane, kuyadingeka ukusika nokubhubhisa ingxenye engaphezulu komhlaba. Amazambane agujwe kufanele asuswe esizeni nsuku zonke, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezilimele ezisezingeni eliphansi nezinye izinsalela zezitshalo kufanele zibhujiswe ngokushesha.
Lapho utshala futhi ngenkathi yokukhula yamazambane, kuphoqelekile ukwenza izinyathelo zokuzivikela enkingeni yezinambuzane, okubandakanya ukwelashwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokutshala ngamalungiselelo ezinambuzane abhaliswe ngalezi zinhloso ku-State Catalogue of Pesticides and Agrochemicals kanye nokufafaza ngesikhathi sokutshala. Isikhathi sokukhula ngokuhambisana nezinkambiso nemithethonqubo yokusetshenziswa kwayo esikhathini kusukela ekuqaleni kokuxazululwa kwe-Colorado potato beetle (ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi) kuze kube sekupheleni kokuqhakaza kwamazambane ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10-14. Ngokwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe phakathi nenkathi eyodwa, ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana nezinambuzane, ama-insecticide avela emakilasini ahlukene kufanele ashintshwe noma kusetshenziswe amalungiselelo ahlanganisiwe enziwe ngomumo.
Amazambane kufanele agcinwe ekushiseni kuka +3 ... +5 ° С - ngaphansi komkhawulo wokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane (+10 ° С). Hlomisa isitolo samazambane ngendlela ezovikela izimvemvane zebhu lamazambane ukuthi zingandizi. Ngaphambi kokugcinwa, kuyadingeka ukuthungatha indawo ngamalungiselelo asekelwe ku-aluminium phosphide futhi uphathe izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ngesisombululo esingu-1% sokulungiswa kwe-microbiological Lepidocid P, SK, SK-M ngokucwilisa izilimo eziyizigaxa ekumisweni okungu-1% kwamalungiselelo. Imizuzu engu-4-5 ngesilinganiso se-100 l ngamathani angu-15 wamazambane, emva kwalokho omisiwe emthunzini futhi agcinwe ukuze agcinwe.
Funda ngokugcwele: https://www.agroxxi.ru/