Izinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane, ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela izitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni zethulwe emhlanganweni wesayensi nowokukhiqiza eSouth Ural Research Institute of Gardening and Potato (UUNIISK) eChelyabinsk. Abaholi nabasebenzi balesi sikhungo bakhulume ngemiphumela emisha yokuzalaniswa kwamazambane.
Umhlangano ubuhanjelwe ngabalingisi IPhini Lokuqala likaNgqongqoshe Wezolimo wesiFunda i-Chelyabinsk u-Alexander Zavalishchin kanye neNhloko yoMnyango Wezokulima Izitshalo Namabhizinisi Amancane oMnyango Wezolimo Yuri Zasypkin, osanda kuqokwa njengenhloko ye-YUNIISK - igatsha le-Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center le-Ural Branch leRussian Academy Yezesayensi (Abamele Ucwaningo Lwezolimo) u-Nikolai Glaz, kanye nabamele u-Nikolai Glaz umphakeli wemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, izikhungo zocwaningo zezifunda zaseSverdlovsk nase-Orenburg, izazi zezolimo namaSayensi aseNingizimu Melika ofelevodcheskih amabhizinisi.
Evula umhlangano, u-Alexander Zavalishchin waphawula ukuthi namuhla isifunda saseChelyabinsk sithuthuke kahle ekwenziweni kwemikhiqizo yezilwane, ikakhulukazi izinkukhu nezingulube - esimeni sezifunda zaseRussia, ngokulandelana, sithatha umugqa wesibili nowesithupha. Ekucutshungweni kokusanhlamvu, ukutshalwa kwama-oyela esifundeni nakho kukhombisa imiphumela emihle. Amazambane nawo akhule ngamanani amakhulu anele, kokubini emabhizinisini ahlanganisiwe nasemakhaya.
- Ngo-2018, izinhlangano namapulazi akhula ngamazambane kuphela akhula futhi avuna amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-146 zamazambane, kusho umphathi IPhini LikaNgqongqoshe wokuqala, kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule lesi yisitshalo esirekhodiwe esifundeni. Kulesi samba, kuthunyelwa amathani ezinkulungwane ezingama-40 amazambane ukuze athengiswe ngaphandle kwesifunda. Ngokwanda kokukhiqiza, abakhiqizi babhekene nenkinga yokuthengisa yonke le mikhiqizo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abathengi, amaketanga wokuthengisa aweneme ngokuthile. Kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya isimo emakethe, izidingo zokuhweba nokwenza isicelo kososayensi - ukudala okuhlukahlukene okudingayo emakethe.
Inhloko yalesi sikhungo, ilungu lesayensi yezolimo, ikhulume ngezinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane azalwe eYuUNIISK nangokuhlolwa okunhlobonhlobo kukahulumeni namuhla. Nikolay Glaz :
- Inkomba ethembisayo kithi ukudala indalo efanelekile ukucubungulwa kwezimboni. Njengamanje, izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane aseZakhar ziyavivinywa zombuso futhi zibonisa imiphumela emihle yokuqala. Siyethemba ukuthi ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kuka-2020, le zinhlobonhlobo zizoklanywa. Izinhlobo zamazambane zaseKashtak - uhlobo olunamandla - zathunyelwa ekuhlolweni kwesimo ngonyaka we-2018.
Ngo-2019, kulungiselelwa uhlobo olusha olumelana nomdlavuza nama-nematode ukuze ludluliselwe ekuhlolweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zikahulumeni, ngaphansi kwesihloko sokusebenza "I-Albatross". Lolu hlobo lunesivuno esingamathani angama-50 ehektheleni, okuqukethwe kwesitashi - amaphesenti ayi-18, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Amazinga aphezulu okumelana nezifo, kanye nokugcinwa kwekhwalithi enhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokugcinwa.
Enye yezindlela zokuzalela kwanamuhla ukudalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo nge-tuber pulp pulp, kuqhubeka uNikolai Glaz. - Enye yamasampula anjalo ahlelelwe ukuthi idluliselwe ekuhlolweni kungekudala. Impumelelo yeSikhungo ekulimeni amazambane inesasasa elikhulu kubantu besifunda saseChelyabinsk. Abathengi bayakwazisa ukuphakama okuphezulu kwezinhlobo zethu. Ukugcina izimfanelo zembewu ephezulu yezilimo eziyizigaxa zokutshala amazambane kuqinisekiswa ngokuthuthuka kwe-meristemic nokukhiqizwa kwembewu yasekuqaleni.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukaniswa nge-YUKNIISK eminyakeni yamuva nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kombuso, kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngoKuzovok, isongo, uCavalier, no-Itzil. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibekwe njengengamelana nezifo nangokugcinwa kahle.
Namuhla, amabhizinisi amazambane akhula ikakhulukazi amazambane eNevsky - ngaphezu kwengxenye yesakhiwo esiphelele sokutshala kwezimboni esifundeni saseChelyabinsk - amahektha ayi-1549. Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqizwe yi-UNIISK zithatha isabelo esinesizotha xaxa - izinhlobonhlobo zeTarasov - amahektha angama-22, izinhlobonhlobo zeSparidon - amahektha ayi-5 kuphela. Inani eliphelele lezinhlobonhlobo ezitshalwe njengamanje esifundeni saseChelyabinsk zingama-25, kanti ezinhlanu kuphela zezinhlobo zemvelo eziklanyelwe ukulinywa esifundeni se-Southern Urals. Ngaphezu kweNevsky, izindawo ezinotshani ezinkulu kakhulu zihlala izinhlobo zeRomano neRosara, ukuzalaniswa kwamaDashi namaJalimane ngokulandelana.
Ukuthi kuyadingeka ukukhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane, kusho enkulumweni yakhe inhloko yomnyango wezitshalo ezikhulayo nezindlela ezincane zokulima zenkonzo yezolimo yesifunda uYuri Zasypkin. Ubuye waveza ukuthi ngonyaka owedlule iSouth Ural Institute of Horticulture and Potato yahlelwa kabusha ngokujoyina i-Ural Agricultural Research Center njengegatsha futhi kulokhu kuhlobene nethonya elisha lokuthuthuka.
"Ngokwebhalansi yesibalo, cishe amathani ezinkulungwane ezingama-2019 amazambane azotshalwa emabhizinisini ezolimo ngonyaka we-120," kusho uYuri Zasypkin. - Le ivolumu yanele ukuqinisekisa i-social sphere kanye nenani labantu bakulesi sifunda, kucatshangelwa imikhiqizo engenisiwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane kugxilwe ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseduze naseChelyabinsk - lezi yizindawo zase-Argayash, Sosnovsky naseKrasnoarmeysky. Babheka ngaphezu kwama-75% okukhiqizwe amazambane esifundeni. Izindawo ezinkulu ezakhiwe ngaphansi kwamazambane enkampanini ephethe ezolimo i-Krasnoarmeyskoye (400 ha), eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezolimo i-Chernovskaya (400 ha), amapulazi ahlanganisiwe iMursalov - (270 ha), OJSC State Farm Akbashevsky (250 ha). Indawo enkulu yokutshala amazambane - epulazini laseMakhmadov - ngaphezu kwamahektare angama-600, leli pulazi lamuhla lingumlingani weSikhungo Sethu Samazambane.
U-Yuri Zasypkin utshele abahlanganyeli basemhlanganweni ngokuningiliziwe ngoxhaso lwamanje lwamabhizinisi amabhizinisi akhula ngamazambane. Abatshali bezambane likapondo bangasebenzisa ukuxhaswa okungahlobene: emkhakheni wamazambane akhulayo wemifino kanye nemifino yasensimini evulekile, isabelomali sesifunda sihlinzekela ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-2019 ngonyaka ka-23, ohlangothini lokukhula kwamazambane okudla nembewu yamafutha - izigidi ezingama-35. Ukuxhasa ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yabantu abakhethekile - ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-101. Ngaphezu kwalokho isabelomali sihlinzekela ukwesekwa kombuso kokutholwa kwemishini yezolimo ngenani lonyaka lama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-200, uxhaso lokwakhiwa kwezikhungo zezolimo, ngokwesibonelo, amazambane ezambane, ngesamba sama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-115. Inani eliphelele lokusekelwa kombuso ngokuthengwa kukamanyolo wamaminerali ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-40, ukubuyiselwa komhlaba olimekayo ekujikelezweni kwezolimo - ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-30.
Ngesikhathi seminar, isihloko esibaluleke kakhulu sokuvikela amazambane ezifweni ezahlukahlukene: i-blight sekwephuzile, i-nematode, i-alternariosis nabanye, savuswa. Mayelana nemikhiqizo yeBayer emelana ngempumelelo nezifo, uLyudmila Kuznetsova, ummeli wale nkampani esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, uthe. Ukhulume ngama-fungicides asebenza ngempumelelo ebhekene nezifo zamazambane, nangokulwa nokhula.
UKsenia Vanina, inhloko yomnyango wokuvikela izitshalo wegatsha leFederal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, utshele ababambe iqhaza kule ngqungquthela ngesimo sempilo yezitshalo zamazambane eSouth Urals ngo-2019. Phakathi kwezikhulumi bekukhona nephini lenhloko ye-Ural Research Institute of Agriculture (Yekaterinburg), obhekele izifundo zesayensi yezolimo u-Alexander Shanin.
Ukhulume ngalesi simo ngokuzalaniswa kwamazambane esifundeni sase-Urals Federal naseRussia isiyonke. UDkt. Selkhoznauk Alexander Mushinsky wazise abalaleli ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwamazambane kokuqokwa kweYuUNIISK esifundeni se-Orenburg.
Ngaphansi kohlaka lwalo mhlangano, ababambiqhaza bawo bavakashela iziza zomshayeli emasimini e-UNIISK, lapho behlola khona ukutshala okuhlukahlukene kwezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane nezitsha zokunambitha ezilungiswe kule potato.
Isikhungo sabezindaba Umnyango Wezolimo
Isifunda saseChelyabinsk