Indawo: 25 679 sq. km
Inani labantu: Abantu abangu-1 478 818, kubo abangu-75,45% bangabahlali bedolobha.
Isikhundla sendawo: isifunda sise maphakathi ne-East European Plain. Imingcele: eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga - nesifunda iLipetsk, eningizimu-ntshonalanga - nesifunda sase-Oryol, entshonalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga - nesifunda seKaluga, enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga - nesifunda saseMoscow, empumalanga - nesifunda saseRyazan ...
Isimo sezulu: Izwekazi ngokulingene, elibonakala ebusika obubanda ngokwanele kanye nehlobo elifudumele. Isilinganiso samazinga okushisa wonyaka sisukela ku- +4 kuye ku- +5 degrees. Ukushisa okujwayelekile ngoJanuwari kusuka ku -9 kuye ku -12 degrees, ngoJulayi kusuka ku- +18 kuye ku- +22 degrees. Isikhathi sesikhathi esinamazinga okushisa amahle yizinsuku ezingama-220-225. Imvula ngaphakathi esifundeni isatshalaliswa ngokungalingani. Iningi lazo lisezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga (575 mm), ezincane - ezifundazweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga (470 mm). Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yemvula esifundeni ibhalwe ezinyangeni zasehlobo, ikakhulukazi ngoJulayi. Esikhathini esingenamakhaza, ama-70% emvula yonyaka iyawa. Ekupheleni kobusika, ubukhulu bekhava leqhwa lifinyelela ku-0,3-0,7 m, inhlabathi iqhwa ize ibe ngu-0,6-0,9 m.
Impumuzo: ifulethi futhi inamagquma. Amafomu angaphezulu komhlaba ayizigodi zemifula kanye nezikhukhula.
Inhlabathi: i-sod-podzolic enyakatho-ntshonalanga, ihlathi elimpunga maphakathi nengxenye, ama-chernozems ahlukumezekile nalahlekile.
Indawo yomhlaba wezolimo: amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1972,9. Umhlaba ofanelekayo uhlala kuma-1556,3 XNUMX wamahektha.
Lesi akusona okokuqala ukuthi izimpumelelo zesifunda saseTula emkhakheni wamazambane zikhululwe kumagazini wethu, okuyinto engemangazi neze: isifunda lesi besithathe isithembiso sokwethemba unyaka wesishiyagalombili ngokulandelana kokukhiqizwa kwamazambane eRussia. Umkhiqizo ojwayelekile owenziwa minyaka yonke walesi sitshalo ungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2012, isilinganiso sonyaka samazambane sokutshala izimboni sisezingeni lamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-454,5.
Ake siqhubeke ngemiphumela yeminyaka emithathu edlule. Ngo-2017, amahektare angama-16,2 ayabiwa ukuze kulinywe amazambane ezimboni esifundeni. Ukuvunwa okuphelele kufinyelela kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-518,8. Ngo-2018, le ndawo engaphansi kwamazambane yahlala icishe ibe sezingeni elifanayo (mahektare ayi-16,0). Kepha inkathi yaphenduka ukungabi yindawo enhle kakhulu ezimeni zezulu: yome kakhulu, ingaphansi kwekota yenani elilindelekile lemvula yawa. Amabhizinisi kuphela anezinto zokunisela owakwazi ukuthola isivuno esihle. Ukuvunwa okuphelele kwehle kwafika kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-431,7.
Kulo nyaka, indawo yokutshala amazambane ikhule yaba ngama-18,2 31 eehektha. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2019, 555,0, amapulazi amakhulu naphakathi nendawo ayeseqongelele amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-XNUMX womkhiqizo.
Ukuthuthuka kabusha
Ukulungiswa komhlaba kabusha, kuhlangene nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje bezolimo nezindlela zobuchwepheshe, izinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu futhi nzalo, umanyolo ophumelelayo nemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, yaziwa njengeyona ndlela ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokuqinisekisa ukuthela okuphezulu eMkhakheni ongewona uBlack Earth (okubandakanya iSifunda saseTula).
Ngokwezibalo, njengamanje esifundeni saseTula kunamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20,9 abuyiselwe umhlaba, kuwo angamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20,4 ezolimo. Izwe lezolimo eliniselwa ngenkasa lithatha indawo engamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15,9, akhanywa - amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4,5. Ukubuyiselwa komhlaba okwenelisayo kuyabonakala kumahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14,5, okungagculisi
- ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-6,4. Izinhlelo zokuvuselela umhlaba oniselwa ngenkasa zifaka: ama-728,30 km avaliwe namakhilomitha ayi-183,9 wamanethiwekhi avulekile okunisela, amachibi - 32, ezinye izakhiwo
- Amayunithi angama-97 Izinhlelo zokubuyisa kabusha ezindaweni ezinamanzi zifaka: i-122,7 km yenethiwekhi yokuqoqa kanye neyokuhambisa amanzi kanye ne-264,4 km yemisele evulekile yokuhambisa amanzi, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezakhiwo - amayunithi we-102.
Lesi sifunda sine-subprogram "Ukuthuthukiswa kokuvuselelwa kabusha komhlaba wezolimo esifundeni saseTula ngesikhathi sika-2014 ukuya ku-2021". Imisebenzi ebalulekile ye-subprogram yilena: ukuvimbela ukulahlwa komhlaba wezolimo ekujikelezweni kwezolimo kanye nokwandisa inani lokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo eziphambili zokukhiqiza kwezitshalo.
Ngo-2019, isifunda saseTula sathola ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-104 580,5 kusuka kwisabelomali sombuso njengengxenye yohlelo lokugxila lwenhlangano lokuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kabusha komhlaba ngezinhloso zezolimo. Imali yesifunda yalolu hlelo ifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-38. Ngakho-ke, imali isiyonke yaba ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-680,5.
Lezi zimali zisetshenziselwa ukukhokhela uxhaso kubakhiqizi bezolimo. Izimali ezikhishelwe uxhaso lwenzelwe ukwakha, ukwakha kabusha, imishini yokuvuselela kabusha yezobuchwepheshe yezinhlelo zokubuyiselwa komhlaba zomhlaba jikelele nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile nezinhlaka ezakhiwe ngokwahlukana kwe-hydraulic futhi zingafinyelela ku-70% wezindleko zonke ezikhonjiswe kuzilinganiso zokuqamba (kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu ezenzekile).
UKUFAKA ISIQINISEKISO SOKUGCINA
Isixazululo sezinkinga zokwandisa izindawo ezitshaliwe kanye nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo futhi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle komsebenzi ohlelekile wokukhulisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi.
Ngenxa yohlelo lokudonswa kwenhlabathi esifundeni, kule minyaka emithathu edlule, abalimi babuyise amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-135 womhlaba wezolimo ongasetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, isifunda sathola irekhodi elihlwanyelwe endaweni yeminyaka eyi-15.
Kepha inkinga isabucayi. Ngokwe-Tula Center for Chemicalization and Agricultural Radiology, endaweni yesifunda kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2019, kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-731,80 enhlabathi efundwayo yomhlaba olimekayo kanye namazwe angatshaliwe, amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-600,80 ane-asidi, adinga ukumiswa. Kudinga ukwethulwa kukamanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-organic, izindlela ezinkulu zokulwa nemisebe ezibhekiswe ikakhulukazi kukalayini wenhlabathi ene-asidi kanye nokwethulwa kokukhuphuka kwamanani omanyolo we-potash.
Ngo-2019, imicimbi yokubeka imingcele ibanjelwa kwamanye amahektha ayi-30 ezinkulungwane zomhlaba. Isibonelo, esifundeni saseChernsky, umsebenzi ofanele wahlelwa yi-Miratorg-Orel (endaweni engamahektha angama-2961) nezinkampani zakwa-Avangard-Agro-Tula (amahektha ayi-1000).
UKUKHETHA NOKUHLELA
Ukutshalwa kwamazambane embewu kungenye yezindawo ezibalulekile zomsebenzi weTula Research Institute of Agriculture, igatsha leNemchinovka Federal Research Center.
Unyaka nonyaka, uMnyango Wokucwaninga Ngembewu Oyinhloko weSikhungo Sokucwaninga Kwezolimo uhlola izinhlobo ezingama-25-30 zamazambane ngohlobo lwezimpawu ezibalulekile kwezomnotho, kufaka phakathi ukumelana nezinto ezinengcindezi ezinobunzima kanye nezokuxineka. Isikhungo sisakaza futhi sivelise imbewu yamazambane ephakeme. Kulonyaka, abathengi bangathenga imbewu yamazambane ezinhlobonhlobo ezilandelayo: Udacha, Rosara, Lyubava, Kolobok, Krepysh, Red Scarlett, Bryansk delicacy, Ladoga, Golubizna, Lilac fog, Nakra, Kurazh, Zhigulevsky.
Futhi esifundeni kunezindawo eziningi zamapulazi ezikhethekile ezisebenza ngokutshala amazambane embewu.
Enye yezinto ezinkulu yi-OOO Bogoroditskiy Alliance. Ibalelwa ku-70% wenani eliphelele lamazambane embewu akhiqizwa ezweni laseTula. Njalo ngonyaka, ochwepheshe benkampani bakhetha ngokucophelela izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezithembisayo zemikhiqizo yokuzalanisa yaseYurophu ehamba phambili ngokuzalanisa. Esikhathini samanje, inkampani inikela ngezinto zembewu ezinhlobonhlobo zaseDashi nezaseJalimane: iRed Sonja, uNandina, uVineta, uKoroleva Anna, uBellarosa, i-Evolution, iArtemis, iPicasso, iArizona, iDamaris, iChristel, iParoli.
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, ipulazi laseYergorsha lenze umsebenzi wokukhiqiza amazambane. Ipulazi likhiqiza amazambane ezinhlamvu ezinhlobonhlobo iMeteor, iZhukovsky ekuqaleni, iLuck, iBullfinch, iRed Scarlett, iRyabinushka, i-Aurora, iLugovsky, iBlue.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe bebhizinisi benza umsebenzi wokukhetha. Ipulazi labalimi "Yegorsha" libamba iqhaza kuhlelo olungaphansi "Ukuthuthukiswa kokuzalisa amazambane nokukhiqizwa kwembewu eRussia Federation" ngaphakathi kohlaka lweFederal Scientific and technical Programme Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezolimo ngo-2017-2025. Indikimba yale phrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ithi "Ukudalwa nokukhiqizwa kwembewu yezinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane zaseRussia zokuncintisana ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene." Inhloso yephrojekthi ukudala izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane zaseRussia ngenani lokudla okunomsoco nezici ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi eziphakeme kakhulu.
UKUQEQESHA
Ochwepheshe abasemazingeni aphakathi esifundeni baqeqeshwa yiTula Agricultural College eqanjwe ngo-I.S. Efanov kanye neKholeji Yezolimo "iBogoroditsky" eqanjwe ngemuva kuka-A.A. Stebut.
ITula Agricultural College eqanjwe ngo-IS Efanov yaziwa kusukela nge-1875 (ngaleso sikhathi isikhungo semfundo sasibizwa nge- "Tula Real School"). Manje ikolishi liyisikhungo semfundo sobuchwepheshe esihlukahlukene, esinamazinga amaningi.
Ubuchwepheshe obukhulu: "I-Agronomy", "Mechanization wezoLimo", "Ezokushisisa kanye nokuzenzakalelayo kwezolimo", "Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo yezolimo", "I-Economics nokubalwa kwezimali kwezolimo", "Imisebenzi yokuSebenza kuzinto zokuhamba", "Commerce ( ngomkhakha) "," Umthetho nenhlangano yezokuphepha komphakathi "," Ukusebenza nokulungisa imishini yezolimo nemishini ", njll.
Isikole sezobuchwepheshe siphinde sinikeze imfundo yamabanga aphansi nokuqeqeshwa kobungcweti emsebenzini wobungcweti bokusebenza (ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezithi "Umsebenzi weTransor-driver-umshini wokukhiqiza wezolimo", "Master of zokukhiqiza kwezolimo"). Leli kolishi linabafundi abangama-890.
Isikhungo sikahulumeni semfundo ephakeme esifundeni saseTula "iKolishi lezolimo" iBogoroditsky "esiqanjwe ngo-A.A. Stebut" lasungulwa ngonyaka we-1898. Ikolishi lenza ukuqeqeshwa kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo: "Ezolimo Ezolimo", "Ukufakwa Kwezamandla Nezokuxhumana Ezolimo", "Ukusebenza Nokulungiswa Kwemishini Yezolimo Nezinsizakusebenza", "Ubudlelwano Bomhlaba", "Imithi Yezilwane", "Zootechnics".
Imfundo ephakeme kwezolimo ingatholakala eTula State Pedagogical University. Leo Tolstoy. Inyuvesi icela ama-agrarians esikhathi esizayo ukuthi angenele i-Faculty of Technology and Business, okuyinkomba yokuqeqeshwa "Kwezobunjiniyela Kwezolimo" (iphrofayili "Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza Kwezolimo").
UKUQINQA
Esifundeni saseTula, esinye sezifunda ezinkulu kakhulu mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwamazambane eRussia, kunakwa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa komkhombandlela wokulungiswa.
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2011, lesi sifunda besisebenza kulesi sitshalo ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane amazambane LLC Maxim Gorky Plus. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo, le nkampani iphindwe kabili ngobuningi bayo bokukhiqiza futhi namuhla inesikhundla esiphambili ku-niche yayo ezweni. Unyaka nonyaka, lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza cishe amathani angama-15 wamapulangwe amazambane, imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo zohlelo lokuqinisekisa isitifiketi lomhlaba wonke i-FSSC 000.
Ngokwemiphumela yesizini edlule (2018-2019), le nkampani isebenze ngaphezulu kwamathani ayi-117 amazambane, lapho kutholwe khona amathani ayizi-000 omkhiqizo oseqediwe. Inyanga ngayinye, lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza cishe amathoni ayikhulu emikhiqizo efakiwe ngaphansi kwegama layo lomkhiqizo elithi "Pyureshka".
Amakhasimende enkampani aseRussia angabakhiqizi abakhulu bokudla: I-LLC Unilever Rus, LLC Nestle Russia, LLC TPK Biofood, LLC Doshirak Koya, LLC Ruskart nabanye abaningi. Okungenani okungama-40% wemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo ithunyelwa njalo emazweni aphesheya.
Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, umkhiqizi omkhulu wamazambane esifundeni, ipulazi likaManuk Avetisyan, uhlela ukuvula isitshalo sakhe sokukhiqiza amazambane amazambane. NgoJuni 2019, e-XXMI St Petersburg International Economic Forum, kwasayinwa isivumelwano esihambisanayo phakathi kukaHulumeni weSifunda saseTula kanye nosomabhizinisi ngamunye uM. Zh Avetisyan. Umthamo wokutshalwa kwemali kuphrojekthi uzoba ama-ruble ayi-1,5 billion.
Ngo-2020, isifunda sihlela ukwethula isitshalo esisezingeni eliphakeme ukuze sisebenzise izithelo nemifino namazambane eMiratorg Agribusiness Holding. Le nkampani, isilinganiso sayo esilinganiselwe izoba ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-45 ngonyaka, izosebenzela izidingo zokuthengiswa kwezindawo zokuthenga nokudla. Ukutshalwa kwemali kuzoba cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,28.
Iphrojekthi yokulungiswa kwezithelo nemifino izoba yingxenye yokukhiqizwa okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganiswe kwezolimo, kufaka phakathi ukutshalwa kwamazambane, izaqathe, u-anyanisi negalikhi endaweni enamahektha angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu, kanye nokugcinwa nokupakishwa kwemifino esetshenzisiwe.
IGASTROFESTIVAL
Akukho sikhumbuzo kumazambane eTula okwamanje, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi lesi siko asihlonishwa esifundeni. Ngeke zikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamazambane phakathi nezinsuku noma ngamaholide. Ngakho-ke, ngeCity Day, uTula agubha ngalo ngempelasonto yokuqala kaSepthemba, iminyaka eminingi ilandelana zonke izivakashi zeholide ziqinisekile ukuthi zizophathwa ezitsheni zamazambane ezintsha.
Nakulo nyaka, emcimbini we-gastro obuhlelwe iziphathimandla zedolobha, indima enkulu bekudlalwa amazambane - othosiwe, abhakwa ngokhilimu, ekugcwaliseni ophaya namakhekhe - amnandi kakhulu - futhi ngoba bakhulele emasimini endawo.