Isifunda saseSiberia Federal sithatha 25,5% insimu yaseRussia, kuhlanganisa izifunda eziyishumi, lapho 11,7% wabantu bezwe uhlala.
Izimo zemvelo nezimo zezulu zesifunda azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi zilungele ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo (ukuba khona kwezifunda zaseNyakatho Ekude nezindawo ezilinganayo), nokho, i-SFD ibala u-10,4% wokukhiqiza kwezolimo wezwe.
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation, izindawo zokutshala amazambane esifundeni saseSiberian Federal ngo-2020 zaba amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-33,22, ngo-2021 zehla zaba amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-31. Ngokusho kwedatha yokuqala, ngo-2022 lesi sibalo safinyelela amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-32.
I-KEMEROVSK REGION
Isikhundla esiphambili mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwamazambane phakathi kwezifunda zaseSiberia sithathwa yiKuzbass.
Isifunda sihlinzekwa ngokugcwele ngamazambane (izinga lokuhlinzekwa liyi-114%).
Amabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-60 abambe iqhaza ekulimeni imikhiqizo. Uhlu olubalulekile luhlanganisa: OOO KDV-Agro, SPK Beregovoy, SPK Vishnevsky, OOO Khutor, OOO Vesna, KH Bekon, IP KFH Vasiliev A.A., IP GKFH Shapoval N.A., IP Polukhin N.I., IP KFH Shefer V.R., IP KFH Ershov N. nabanye.
Amabhizinisi e-Kuzbass awaboni ukushoda kwembewu yamazambane. Isabelo sembewu ye-varietal singama-64%, lapho ama-22% awokuqala kanye ne-elite. Ngesisekelo I-Kemerovo Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture - igatsha le-Federal Scientific Research Center ye-Russian Academy of Sciences kwahlelwa isikhungo sokukhetha kanye nembewu yamazambane, lapho kwakhiwa khona izinhlobo ezintsha futhi kwenziwa ukukhiqizwa kwembewu eyinhloko. Futhi, imbewu yamazambane itshalwa emapulazini embewu: KH "Bacon", SPK "Beregovoy", LLC "Spring".
Ama-agrarians esifundeni ahlakulela izinhlobo zokukhetha zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi: Gala, Bonus, Queen Anna, Lady Claire, Nevsky, Red Scarlett, Rosara, Tanay, Tuleevsky.
ISITOREJI. Kuze kube manje, kunezindawo zokugcina amazambane ezingaba ngu-50 esifundeni ezinamandla okugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-141. Afakwe imigqa yokuhlunga kanye nokupakisha, izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo zokugcina izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ingxenye yezitshalo idayiswa ehlobo nasekwindla, amandla atholakalayo anele ukuhlalisa amazambane ukuze agcinwe ebusika.
UKUREYISHA. Ukutshalwa kwamazambane afanele ukucutshungulwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwawo okulandelayo kwenziwa ngamabhizinisi we-KVD-amaqembu: I-KVD-Agro LLC, i-KVD Yashkino LLC. Ngo-2021, cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-18,5 zama-chips akhiqizwa.
Indawo yokutshala amazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, amahektha ayinkulungwane*
Umthamo wesamba sesivuno samazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, amathani ayinkulungwane*
Izinkomba zesivuno samazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, c/ha*
I-KRASNOYARSK REGION
Lesi sifunda singesinye sabakhiqizi abakhulu bamazambane eSifundazweni SaseSiberia naseRussia yonke.
Ngesikhathi sika-2017-2019 ezinhlanganweni zezolimo, ukwanda kwesivuno kanye nesivuno esikhulu samazambane kwaphawulwa ngokuncipha kwendawo yokutshala ngo-3,2%. Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe besimanje bokutshalwa kwezitshalo, okuhlanganisa ukunisela, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinhlobo eziqinile kwaqinisekisa izikhundla eziholayo zabakhiqizi abakhulu, kuyilapho abanye abakhiqizi abancane bashintsha iphrofayili yabo yomsebenzi.
Cishe i-90% yendawo yamazambane inikezelwe ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa kwamanye amazwe (okuvame kakhulu yiGala, Vega, Red Scarlett).
Ukukhethwa kwasekhaya kumelelwa yizinhlobo ezilandelayo: Tuleevsky, Kemerovchanin, Ta-nay, Nakra, Krasnoyarsky early, njll.
Indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni abalimi baseKrasnoyarsk Territory ngembewu yekhwalithi ephezulu idlalwa LLC "SPH "Izipho zeMalinovki". Ibhizinisi lihlanganyela ekukhiqizeni imbewu yokuqala yamazambane in vitro kanye nokutshalwa kwama-mini-tubers. Ngo-2021, amathani angama-0,9755 ama-mini-tubers ezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane eziyi-60,64 atshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo endaweni engamahektha ayi-12. Iningi lezinhlobonhlobo zemvelaphi yaseRussia: Gulliver, Vympel, Krasa Meshchera, Meteor, Sadon, Violet, Favorit, Fritella.
I-SHP Dary Malinovka LLC inikezwe isitifiketi ku-Rosselkhozcenter Voluntary Certification System njengomkhiqizi wembewu yamazambane.
Futhi, ososayensi bahlanganyela ekukhetheni nasekusakazeni imbewu yamazambane. I-Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University". Inyuvesi ingumsunguli wezinhlobo zakuqala ze-Aramis ne-Krasnoyarsky.
Kodwa-ke, isidingo salesi sifunda sembewu yamazambane sihlala siphezulu. Isilinganiso sokutholakala kwembewu yendawo cishe i-13,5%.
Ngo-2021, izinhlangano zezolimo namapulazi abalimi besifunda batshala amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-11,1 amazambane. Kumthamo ophelele, ama-40% ayimbewu ye-varietal, ama-60% ayizimbewu ezingezona ezehlukene.
Umthamo omkhulu wamazambane wembewu ungeniswa esifundeni usuka eSamara (LLC Molyanov Agro Group) kanye nezifunda zaseMoscow (LLC Solana Rus).
Indawo yokutshala amazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, amahektha ayinkulungwane*
Isivuno esikhulu samazambane emkhakheni ohlelekile, amathani ayinkulungwane
Izinkomba zesivuno samazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, c/ha*
IZINYATHELO ZOKUSEKELA ZIKAHULUMENI
1. Ukubuyiselwa kwengxenye yezindleko zokusekela ukukhiqizwa kwembewu ye-elite kanye nokwenza umsebenzi we-agrotechnology emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwembewu yezitshalo zezolimo.
2. Ukubuyiselwa kwengxenye yezindleko zokwenza umsebenzi we-agrotechnological, ukwandisa izinga lokuphepha kwemvelo lokukhiqiza kwezolimo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuzala kanye nekhwalithi yenhlabathi.
- 3. Ukuhlinzekwa kokwesekwa okungahlobene emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izitshalo kumabhizinisi kahulumeni nawomasipala, abakhiqizi bezolimo.
- 4. Ukubuyiselwa kwengxenye yezindleko eziqondile ezidalwe kanye (noma) ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwe-agro-industrial complex: u-15% wezindleko zokwakha kanye (noma) nokwenza kube yisimanjemanje izindawo zokugcina imifino namazambane eziphethwe nelungelo lobunikazi. U-30% wezindleko ezihambisana nokuthengwa kwezinto eziyisipesheli zobuchwepheshe.
- 5. Imbuyiselo (ukwesekwa ngokwezimali) kwengxenye yezindleko ezihambisana nokutholwa kwemishini emisha kanye nezinsiza zezolimo.
Ukwengeza, udaba lokubuyiselwa kwengxenye yezindleko zokwakha kanye (noma) nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezindawo zokugcina imifino kanye (noma) namazambane (ama-50% ezindleko zokwakha noma ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesikhungo) kuyalungiswa.
Isamba sezimali singama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-165. Izimali zihlelelwe ukuthi zihlinzekwe esikhathini sokuhlela sika-2023-2024 ukuze kwakhiwe izikhungo ezintsha eziyisishiyagalombili kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezikhungo ezine.
I-ALTAI REGION
I-Altai Territory ibhekwa ngokufanelekile njengobhasikidi wokudla waseSiberia. Lesi sifunda singumkhiqizi omkhulu wokusanhlamvu waseRussia. Izindawo ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izitshalo nazo ziwukukhiqizwa kwefolishi kanye nokutshalwa kwembewu yamafutha.
Abalimi bendawo nabo benza intuthuko enkulu ekutshaleni amazambane nemifino.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane nemifino kugxile kakhulu ezindlini. Ngo-2021, bakhule u-81,8% wesamba sesivuno samazambane (ngo-2020 - 85,9%), bathola ama-72,0% emifino (68,7%).
Minyaka yonke, zonke izigaba zamapulazi zikhiqiza amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500-600 amazambane kanye namathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150 emifino, okungavumeli kuphela ukuhlinzeka ngesifunda ngokugcwele, kodwa futhi nokuhlinzeka ngamaqoqo abalulekile amazambane nemikhiqizo yemifino ngaphandle kwesifunda.
Uhlu lwamapulazi amazambane ahamba phambili luhlanganisa: "Imifino yaseRussia" (Isifunda sasePervomaisky), LLC "Saturn-2" (Isifunda sasePervomaisky), I-SoyuzAgro LLC (Kytmanovsky esifundeni). I-LLC "Saturn-2" yenza ukutshala kokubili imikhiqizo yetafula kanye nama-chips amazambane.
I-OMSK REGION
Isifunda sase-Omsk siphinde sibe phakathi kwabaholi mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwamazambane.
Indawo yokutshala amazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, amahektha ayinkulungwane*
Umthamo wesamba sesivuno samazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, amathani ayinkulungwane*
Kukhona amapulazi amakhulu amazambane esifundeni. Phakathi kwazo: OOO TPK Agrokultura (373 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), I-SPK "Pushkinsky" (300 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), SP GKFH Chuchmar V.M. (236 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), LLC Umlimi wemifino we-Tauride (220 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), SP GKFH Ignatiev S.A. (190 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), IP GKFH Drofa Yu.N. (180 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), IP Kabdenov T.E. (170 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), OOO TPK Elita-amazambane (160 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), IP GKFH Knysh A.A. (157 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), IP GKFH Knysh O.A. (157 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), I-Voskhod LLC (150 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane).
UKUKHIQIZWA KWEMBEWU. Umsebenzi wokukhethwa nokukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane wenziwa ososayensi beFederal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Omsk Agrarian Research Center". Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yembewu yokuqala kanye ne-elite kwenziwa OOO TPK Elita. Ipulazi minyaka yonke ithola amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,2 zamazambane ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjenge-Impala, Riviera, Rosara, Zhukovsky, Red Scarlett. Idlanzana lamanye amabhizinisi atshala imbewu yamazambane esifundeni. Kuze kube manje, ukutholakala kwembewu yamazambane esifundeni sase-Omsk kungu-100%.
UKUHLINZWA KWESOLO. Umthamo wamandla okugcina amazambane esifundeni udlula amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-190. Njalo ngonyaka, abakhiqizi bezolimo bafaka izinsiza ezintsha zokugcina. Ngo-2022 LLC "Agroproduct ye-Achairsky" izosebenzisa indawo yokugcina amathani ayizinkulungwane ezi-3,2 wesitoreji esisodwa. Lawa maphrojekthi anikezwa ukwesekwa kombuso ukuze kubuyiselwe ingxenye yezindleko (20-30% kusuka kusabelomali sombuso, 5% kusabelomali sesifunda).
IZINYATHELO ZOKUSEKELA ZIKAHULUMENI. Abakhiqizi bezolimo ababambe iqhaza ekulinyweni kwamazambane banikezwa lezi zinyathelo zokusekela ezilandelayo:
- ukuthengwa kwembewu yezambane elite;
- ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukusekelwa okungahlobene emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izitshalo (ngehektha elilodwa lendawo etshalwe amazambane, ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane okuqala kanye nembewu ye-elite);
- ngezinyathelo zokunisela nokukhipha amanzi (ukwakhiwa, ukwakhiwa kabusha, ukufakwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kwezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile kanye nomuntu ngamunye, njll.);
- ukubuyisela ingxenye yezindleko eziqondile ezenziwe ngokudala kanye (noma) ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-agro-industrial (ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina imifino namazambane).
I-NOVOSIBIRSK REGION
Ekupheleni kuka-2021, lesi sifunda sikleliswe endaweni yesihlanu esifundeni saseSiberia Federal mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwamazambane. Indawo etshaliwe yamazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe kule sizini ingamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3,4, okungamahektha angama-500 ngaphezu konyaka owedlule.
Kulo nyaka, amabhizinisi ezolimo ayi-15, amapulazi abalimi abangama-24 kanye nosomabhizinisi ngabanye benza umsebenzi wokutshala amazambane esifundeni saseNovosibirsk. Izindawo ezinkulu zokulima zitholakala ezindaweni zaseNovosibirsk, Orda, Iskitim naseMoshkovsky. Uhlu lwabakhiqizi abakhulu bamazambane esifundeni luhlanganisa: I-AO SPH "Yarkovskoe", OOO "OPKH "Dary Ordynska", KFH "AgroAlliance", LLC "Izingadi Ezinkulu".
FUNA. Isifunda saseNovosibirsk sisendaweni yesimo sezulu esibukhali futhi sivame ukuhlushwa isomiso. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokubuyisela kabusha kugwema ukulahlekelwa futhi kuqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu. Kuze kube manje, amabhizinisi amahlanu esifundeni (CJSC stud farm "Irmen", LLC "LEONiS", LLC "OPKh "Dary Ordynska", CJSC "Priobskoye", IP Head of K (F) Kh Ponomarev Yu.V.) tshala amazambane ngokunisela.
UKUHLINZWA KWESOLO. Esifundeni, izindawo zokukhiqiza eziyi-15 zikhethekile endaweni yokugcina amazambane nemifino, umthamo wokugcina ungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-93,3.
UKUHAMBISANA KWAMATATA. Ngo-2021, isitshalo senkampani saqala ukusebenza esifundeni saseNovosibirsk I-PepsiCo ukukhiqiza ukudla okulula okunosawoti. Inqwaba yamabhizinisi e-SFD ahlinzeka le bhizinisi ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze zicutshungulwe, okuhlanganisa nabakhiqizi bezolimo baseNovosibirsk. Ngakho-ke, i-Yarkovskoye SPH ihileleke ekutshaleni ama-chips amazambane; ngo-2022, amahektha angu-150 abelwe izinhlobo zokucubungula.
IZINYATHELO ZOKUSEKELA ZIKAHULUMENI
Umnyango Wezolimo
Isifunda saseNovosibirsk, ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lukahulumeni "Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kanye nokulawulwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, izinto ezingavuthiwe nezimakethe zokudla esifundeni saseNovosibirsk", sinikeza ukusekelwa (kunxephezela ingxenye yezindleko) kubalimi bezitshalo ezindaweni eziningana:
- ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-agrotechnical;
- ukuthengwa kwembewu ye-elite neyokuqala;
- ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwemifino endaweni evulekile;
- ukutholwa kanye nenkonzo yobuchwepheshe yezindlela zobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza ezolimo, njll.
I-IRKUTSK REGION
Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane nemifino esifundeni kunikezwa ngokwesiko yimizi. Ngo-2021, amathani amazambane ayizinkulungwane ezingama-270,9 kanye namathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-65 emifino avunwa emizini yabantu.
Ngo-2022, isifunda sibhekene nomsebenzi wokukhiqiza amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-333,2 amazambane (izinga lika-2021, emapulazini azo zonke izigaba).
Ngokusho kolwazi olusebenzayo, emapulazini azo zonke izigaba ngo-2022, amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-24,2 abelwe amazambane, okuyi-107,6% yezinga lika-2021 kanye no-107,7% wevolumu ehleliwe (+ 1,7 amahektha ayizinkulungwane, ngo-2021 - amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-22,5 , uhlelo - amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-22,5), okubandakanya ezinhlanganweni zezolimo kanye namapulazi abalimi (abalimi), amazambane atshalwe kumahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4,196 noma ama-122,2% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lika-2021 no-107,6, 763% uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo ahlelelwe unyaka wamanje (+ Amahektha angama-2021 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021, ngo-3,433 - amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-3,9, uhlelo - amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-XNUMX).
Indawo yokutshala amazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, amahektha ayinkulungwane*
Umthamo wesamba sesivuno samazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, amathani ayinkulungwane*
FUNA. Njengengxenye yomsebenzi wokubuyiselwa komhlaba, ngo-2021, amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-18,3 omhlaba wezolimo ongasetshenzisiwe asakazwa ngokubandakanyeka kwama-ruble angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 ngalezi zinhloso. izimali zesabelomali sikahulumeni, izinhlelo ezintathu zokubuyisela kabusha (zokunisela) zakhiwa endaweni engamahektha angama-414.
UKUKHULISWA KANYE NOKUKHIQISWA KWEZIMBHO. AT I-Irkutsk State Agrarian University. A.A. Yezhevsky kukhona ilabhorethri yocwaningo "Ukuzalanisa, ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulima amazambane". Imisebenzi yalolu phiko ihlanganisa: ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane ezimweni zaseMpumalanga yeSiberia; ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokutshala izinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane kanye nokwethulwa kwazo ekukhiqizeni; ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yokuqala yamazambane afuywa e-Irkutsk State Agrarian University. Njengengxenye yalo msebenzi, abalimi belabhorethri bakha uhlobo olusha lwamazambane iBarb. Ngokwezici zayo, iphakathi nesizini, imelana ne-golden potato nematode, imelana ngokusesilinganisweni kokulimaza sekwephuzile, isivuno esiphezulu singafinyelela ku-387 c/ha.
Kusukela ngo-2013, igatsha le-Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhozcenter" esifundeni sase-Irkutsk belizalanisa amazambane ngaphandle kwegciwane.
TOP 16 amabhizinisi amakhulu ezolimo akhula amazambane esifundeni sase-Irkutsk ngo-2021: SHAO "Belorechenskoe" (7 676 amathani amazambane), I-JSC "Railwayman" (6 520 amathani amazambane), Inhloko ye-IP ye-KFH Proskurina N.S. (6 270 amathani amazambane), I-CJSC "Imbewu yase-Irkutsk" (6 amathani amazambane), Inani eliphansi kakhulu lamasheya ka-KFH Kichigin L.P. (4 820 amathani amazambane), Inhloko ye-KFH Skornyakov V.A. (3 020 amathani amazambane), Inhloko ye-IP ye-KFH Li A.G. (2 736 amathani amazambane), Inhloko ye-IP ye-KFH Hudakov I.D. (2 400 amathani amazambane), OOO "Agrosmolenskoe" (2 271 amathani amazambane), Inhloko ye-IP ye-KFH Zaikov
- A. V. (1 980 amathani amazambane), Inhloko ye-IP ye-KFH Budyakov A.V. (1 710 amathani amazambane), Inhloko ye-KFH Kudnik N.G. (1 600 amathani amazambane), Inhloko ye-KFH Chuvanov N.I. (1 ha), IP Potashov N.I. (854 ha), Inhloko ye-KFH Bedushvil
- B.I. (738 amathani amazambane), OOO Sibirskaya Niva (700 ha amazambane).
IZINYATHELO ZOKUSEKELA ZIKAHULUMENI
Abakhiqizi bezolimo bangathola uxhaso lokwenza umsebenzi we-agrotechnology, okwandisa izinga lokuphepha kwemvelo kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo. Izimali ziphinde zabelwe ukweseka ukukhiqizwa kwembewu esezingeni eliphezulu.
I-TOMSK REGION
Amavolumu okukhiqiza amazambane esifundeni saseTomsk aye ancipha eminyakeni yamuva. Lokhu kungenxa, okokuqala, ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwendawo engaphansi kwamazambane phakathi kwabantu, okungukuthi, amapulazi omuntu asathola i-70% yemikhiqizo esifundeni. Izindawo ezitshalwe amazambane emabhizinisini ezolimo, emapulazini abantulayo kanye nosomabhizinisi ngabanye nazo zivame ukuncipha.
Amabhizinisi abalulekile okukhulisa amazambane: LLC "Kolpakov" (250 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), Zarechnoye LLC (200 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), A/F Zorkaltsevskaya LLC (234 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane), OOO P/Z Zavarzinsky (69 ha ngaphansi kwamazambane). Isivuno sika-2022, abakhiqizi bezolimo basebenzisa izinhlobo ezingama-45 zamazambane. Ngaphansi kwezinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa kwasekhaya, i-63,0% yendawo yonke etshaliwe yamazambane yabelwa, ngaphansi kwezinhlobonhlobo zokukhetha kwamanye amazwe - 36,0%. Kuphela i-1,0% yendawo yonke etshaliwe yayigcwele izimbewu ezingenazo izimpawu zemvelaphi. Isabelo sendawo ethathwe imbewu ye-elite ibe ngu-25,7%.
UKUKHULISWA KANYE NOKUKHIQISWA KWEZIMBHO. Ngo-2018, kwasungulwa isikhungo sokuzalanisa amazambane kanye nembewu esifundeni.
Indawo yokutshala amazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, amahektha ayinkulungwane*
Umthamo wesamba sesivuno samazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, amathani ayinkulungwane*
Izinkomba zesivuno samazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, c/ha*
Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-Federal Scientific and Technical Programme Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezolimo, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokuthuthukisa izinhlobo zamazambane ezintsha ezisekelwe ezindleleni zesimanje zebhayoloji yamangqamuzana, ukukhiqiza kanye nokuthengisa izimbewu ezithuthukisiwe zezinhlobo zamazambane asekhaya akhiqiza kakhulu.
Ukubamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi ISibNIISHiT-igatsha leSiberian Federal Research Center yeRussian Academy of Sciences kanye nabakhiqizi bezolimo LLC "Kolpakov", LLC AF "Zor-Kaltsevskaya".
Izinjongo zale phrojekthi ukwakha izinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane anezici eziningi ezibalulekile kwezomnotho kanye nezakhiwo ezidingeka kakhulu kubakhiqizi; ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza imbewu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokutshalwa kwamazambane anempilo ezimweni ze-subtaiga ne-taiga zones zaseWestern Siberia.
Ukuqaliswa kwalo msebenzi kuzonikeza isifunda imbewu esizikhethele yona ekhaya.
UKUNIKEZELWA KWAMASIMU NGESIGCINIWA IMIFINO KANYE NESIGCINISO SAMAZAMBA. Ngo-2022-2024, amaphrojekthi amathathu okutshalwa kwezimali ahlelelwe ukuthi asetshenziswe esifundeni saseTomsk ukuze kwakhiwe futhi kuthuthukiswe izindawo zokugcina amazambane nemifino ezinomthamo wamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25,6. Njengamanje, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka kulungiselelwa izilinganiso zokuklama, ukukhethwa kwemishini nemishini. Izinkinga zokuboleka ziyalungiswa. Isamba sokutshalwa kwezimali singama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-128.
AMATHEMBA OKUTHUTHUKISWA KOMBONO. Kuhlelelwe ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane nemifino endaweni evulekile esifundeni: ngo-2025, umthamo wokuvunwa kwamazambane kufanele ukhuphuke ngamathani ayi-6720 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021, umthamo wemifino evulekile - ngamathani ayi-7130, okuzosiza ukukhulisa isivuno. izinga lokuzanelisa kwesifunda saseTomsk kumazambane nemifino "borscht". set."
I-ALTAI REPUBLIC
IRiphabhulikhi yase-Altai, ngenxa yezici zayo zemvelo nesimo sezulu, iyisifunda lapho igatsha elihamba phambili lokukhiqiza kwezolimo kuwukufuywa kwezilwane. Ukuthuthukiswa okubuthakathaka kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kuhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwezintaba ezinkulu esifundeni, futhi izindawo ezihlwanyelwe ezitholakalayo zisetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokufuywa kwezilwane.
Indawo ehlwanyelwe ngaphansi kwamazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe ayibalulekile, umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza ukhuliswa emakhaya. Ngo-2021, indawo yonke ngaphansi kwamazambane emapulazini azo zonke izigaba esifundeni yafinyelela amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2,1, isivuno esiphezulu saba amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-21. Amapulazi ahleliwe akhiqiza amazambane amelwe ikakhulukazi amapulazi amancane abalimi, avune amahektha angama-2021 amazambane ngo-91, nesivuno esikhulu esingamathani angama-821,5.
UKUKHIQIZWA KWEMBEWU. Isebenze e-Altai Republic iminyaka emihlanu I-SPPK "NPO "Imbewu ye-Gorny Altai". Umfelandawonye wokukhiqiza ezolimo wadalwa ngokuhlanganisa amapulazi abalimi abangu-11 ngokusekelwa yi-Gorno-Altai State University. Ukutshalwa kwembewu yamazambane (kusuka ekuhloleni i-virus-free test tube kuya ku-super-elite) kuwumsebenzi oyinhloko wenhlangano.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezintaba zemvelo (ukuphakama kwendawo, ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo kanye nesimo sezulu esibi) kuvumela i-SPKK NPO Semena Gorny Altai ukuthi ithole imbewu yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngo-2021, kwakhiqizwa amathani angama-12 embewu yamazambane kumahektha ayi-90.
Njengamanje, ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe komfelandawonye kwenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile, kuthengwa amathuluzi amasha, sekwakhiwe izindawo ezimbili zokugcina izinhlobo zamabhokisi, kanti okokusebenza nokupakisha amazambane nemifino kuyaqedwa.
Abamukeli bembewu yamazambane akhiqiziwe yi-SEDEK Agrofirm, amapulazi e-Altai Territory kanye ne-Altai Republic, kanye nenani labantu bakulesi sifunda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfelandawonye uhlinzeka cishe ngama-40% ezinhlangano zesabelomali zeRiphabhulikhi yase-Altai ngamazambane, izaqathe, iklabishi nama-beet.
Lapho kukhula amazambane nemifino, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-organic "Biohumus", otholakala emapulazini ngokucubungula imfucuza yezolimo yezibungu ezibomvu zaseCalifornia.
Ukuze kusekelwe ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwamazambane nemifino endaweni evulekile, iSimemezelo Sikahulumeni WeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Altai sango-Ephreli 28, 2021 No. 102 ngezindleko zesabelomali sesifunda sihlinzekela uxhaso lwemisebenzi elandelayo:
- imbuyiselo yengxenye yezindleko zokwakhiwa kanye (noma) nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezitolo zemifino nezitolo zamazambane;
- ukubuyisela ingxenye yezindleko zokuthengwa kukamanyolo wamaminerali kanye nemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo;
- ukubuyisela ingxenye yezindleko zamazambane akhiqiziwe kanye (noma) nemifino evulekile (izaqathe, ama-beet, iklabishi, u-anyanisi) edayiselwe izikhungo zesabelomali.
I-TYVA REPUBLIC
Isimo sezulu saseRiphabhulikhi yaseTuva sibukhali kakhulu ezwenikazi, ihlobo liyashisa futhi lomile, isici esiyisici siyi-amplitude enkulu yamazinga okushisa aphelele nansuku zonke. Naphezu kwesimo sezulu esibi, ochwepheshe bayaqiniseka ukuthi ukutshala amazambane nemifino kungathuthukiswa esifundeni.
Ukuze uzuze impumelelo kulezi zindawo, kubalulekile ukunaka kakhulu izinyathelo zokulondoloza ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile, ukubuyiselwa kwawo; ukulwa nezinambuzane. Isimo esidingekayo sokuthola isivuno esiphezulu, uma kubhekwa isimo sezulu, futhi ukwethulwa kokunisela okwenziwa.
ISITOREJI. Inkinga enkulu kulesi sifunda ukuntuleka kwezindawo zesimanje zokugcina imifino namazambane. Okwamanje, i-republic isebenza ngenkuthalo ukuxazulula le nkinga: amaphrojekthi amaningana asevele exhaswe ukubuyisela amadala nokwakha izakhiwo ezintsha zokugcina.
IZINHLOBO ZAMAZAmbane. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezifakwe kurejista, i-Tuleevsky, i-Gala, kanye ne-Adretta engeyona i-zoned, i-Sineglazka 2016 iyadingeka phakathi kwabalimi bezitshalo.
Indawo yokutshala amazambane emapulazini azo zonke izigaba, amahektha ayinkulungwane*
Umthamo wesivuno esiphelele samazambane emapulazini azo zonke izigaba, amathani ayinkulungwane *
Izinkomba zesivuno samazambane emapulazini azo zonke izigaba, i-centner/ha*
IRiphabhliki yaseKHAKASSIA
Umnikelo obalulekile ekuxazululeni inkinga yokuphepha kokudla kanye nokutshalwa kwesinkwa sesibili e-republic wenziwa ngabantu. Isabelo semizi ngo-2021 sabalelwa ku-93% wendawo etshaliwe.
Ezimweni ze-Khakassia, isivuno samazambane sincike kakhulu ekunikezeni umswakama kanye nombuso wokushisa, ukuhlukahluka okuholela ekuguquguqukeni okuqinile phakathi neminyaka. Ukuthola isivuno samazambane esizinzile, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezikhululiwe nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Esifundeni seshumi nanye, okubandakanya iRiphabhulikhi yaseKhakassia, kukhululwe izinhlobo ezingama-48 zamazambane, phakathi kwazo: Nakra, Antonina, Krasnoyarsky early, Borus 2, Lina, Lugovskoy, Tuleevsky, Kuznechanka, Malamur, Pushkinets, Polet, Lyubava, White. Intwasahlobo, Umsingathi, Yugana, Yakutyanka, Esikhumbuzweni sikaRogachev.
Emabhizinisini ezolimo akhula amazambane e-republic, kungaphawulwa KFH Magomedov M.R. (128 ha).
Umsebenzi wokuhlinzeka abalimi be-republic ngezinto zokutshala imbewu wenziwa yi-SPSSK "UR-TUN TOYY". Ibhizinisi lihlanganyela ekukhiqizeni amazambane akhiqizwa kakhulu.
ERiphabhulikhi, i-subsidy inikezwa minyaka yonke ukuze kubuyiselwe ingxenye yezindleko zokuthenga nokutshala amazambane akhiqizwayo aphezulu.
Indawo yokutshala amazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, ha*
Umthamo wesamba sesivuno samazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, amathani ayinkulungwane*
Izinkomba zesivuno samazambane emkhakheni ohleliwe, c/ha*